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蛋白质糖基化修饰的鉴定是蛋白质翻译后修饰分析中最具挑战性的任务之一,近几年尤其受到关注.快速发展的质谱技术为规模化的蛋白质糖基化修饰研究提供了有效的手段.与其他基于质谱技术的翻译后修饰鉴定相比,糖基化鉴定的难点在于糖链是大分子而且存在微观不均一性,另外糖链本身可以在串联质谱中碎裂且与肽段的碎裂规律不同,导致蛋白质组学的质谱解析方法和软件难以完整地鉴定肽段序列和糖链结构.完整N-糖肽的鉴定是糖基化分析的热点内容之一,针对N-糖肽的鉴定,近年来,人们开发了多种多样的质谱解析方法,其中包括用N-糖酰胺酶切除糖链后鉴定N-糖基化位点的方法、基于电子转运裂解的糖肽肽段鉴定、基于高能碰撞裂解与电子转运裂解联用或碰撞诱导裂解与三级谱联用的完整N-糖肽鉴定等等.本文对这些质谱解析方法进行了整理和综述,简要指出了目前完整糖肽鉴定软件存在的一些不足,展望了未来的发展方向. 相似文献
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《生物化学与生物物理进展》2017,(10)
蛋白质糖基化作为最普遍、最重要的蛋白质修饰,一直是组学研究的焦点之一.近十几年来,N-连接糖蛋白质组学研究普遍采用的方法是将糖链与所修饰的多肽分开进行分析.该策略虽降低了分析难度,却也丢失了糖链与蛋白质糖基化位点间重要的对应关系信息.近年来,完整糖肽的质谱分析策略和方法逐步建立起来.总体而言,要实现对完整糖肽的直接质谱分析,首先需要从复杂样品中富集完整糖肽以消除非糖基化多肽对完整糖肽分析的影响,然后在质谱分析中还需要根据糖肽特性调整相应质谱分析参数,最后在后续数据分析中还需要开发相应的分析软件以完成完整糖肽中多肽序列和糖链组成或结构的鉴定.本文即从以上三个主要方面系统阐述目前N-完整糖肽分析中常用的质谱和数据分析策略和方法,并进一步在糖肽谱图识别、母离子单同位素分子质量校正、数据库选择以及假阳性率评估和控制等方面都进行了逐一探讨.完整糖肽的直接质谱分析有助于获取糖链和糖基化位点间的对应关系信息,可为生物标志物发现和疾病致病机理等研究提供更有力的糖蛋白质组学研究工具. 相似文献
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糖组学是继基因组学、蛋白质组学之后,又一门新兴的学科,其主要是研究糖分子的结构与功能.糖是一类比核酸、蛋白质更加独特的生物分子,它们不仅是生物体储存能量和释放能量的主要物质,更是生物体内的信息传递分子,并且在生理和病理过程中扮演着重要的角色,如细胞间的识别作用、炎症以及自身免疫疾病等.在结构上,糖类物质更为复杂,具有宏观不均一性(蛋白质上有多个糖基化位点)和微观不均一性(同一结合位点上可以连接不同的多糖),所以糖链的结构解析一直是糖组学研究的难题.相较于传统的分析方法,质谱法具有高灵敏度、高精度、高通量等优势,被认为是在糖链结构解析过程中重要的分析方法.本文综述了质谱、多级质谱、液相色谱-质谱、毛细管电泳-质谱等方法在糖组学中糖链结构解析的研究进展. 相似文献
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高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平与冠心病风险呈负相关,低HDL-C水平增加心血管疾病风险,是心血管疾病的独立危险因素.然而升高HDL-C水平的药物治疗并没有明显的临床获益,没有起到降低心血管疾病风险的预期效果,因此高密度脂蛋白(HDL)功能比HDL-C水平更好地预测心血管事件的发生.HDL是蛋白质含量最高的脂蛋白,由于蛋白质组学技术的进步,越来越多的HDL蛋白质成分被发现,除了传统的载脂蛋白、酶类,还包括脂质转移蛋白、急性期反应蛋白、补体成分、蛋白酶抑制剂,HDL的功能也从脂质转运扩展到感染免疫、急性期反应、补体激活、离子结合等,不仅参与动脉粥样硬化的发生发展,在终末期肾病、糖尿病等高心血管风险疾病中也发挥重要作用.本文就HDL蛋白质成分、功能及在冠心病和高心血管风险疾病中的作用做一综述. 相似文献
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补体系统是固有免疫系统的重要组成部分,同时也是连接固有免疫和适应性免疫系统的重要桥梁.补体系统由30多种蛋白质组成,且其中绝大多数都经过糖基化修饰.近年来对补体系统的研究,不断揭示出补体系统在抗击病原微生物入侵和维持有机体生理稳态过程中发挥着重要作用.然而补体系统需要严格的调控,不论是激活不足、抑或是过度激活都可能引起疾病的发生.本文概述了近年来对于补体系统的激活、调控和功能研究的最新进展,并首次从糖生物学角度对补体系统蛋白质组分的糖链结构及糖链对相应蛋白质功能的影响进行了综述和小结. 相似文献
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糖基化作为一种常见的蛋白质翻译后修饰,对蛋白质的空间结构、生物功能等具有重要的影响.解析糖蛋白糖链结构有助于更清楚地认识糖蛋白及其功能.本研究建立了一种基于超滤膜富集血清中糖蛋白全N-连接糖链,并利用质谱技术对糖链结构进行分析的方法.根据糖蛋白及其糖链结构之间的分子质量差异,利用Millipore公司的10 ku超滤膜富集血清糖蛋白上酶解(PNGase F)释放的全N-连接糖链,并使用MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS解析糖链结构.通过该技术可以从血清中富集并鉴定到23种独特的N-连接的糖链结构,并且利用二级质谱进行了结构确认.该方法可以被用于从大量生物样本中富集糖蛋白全N-连接糖链,可以达到快速、高通量地解析糖蛋白N-连接糖链的目的. 相似文献
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二维电泳和质谱技术鉴定肝癌血清差异表达的N-连接糖蛋白 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
缺乏有效的早期诊断方法是导致肝细胞癌(hepatocellular carcinoma, HCC)预后极差的主要原因之一.蛋白质异常糖基化与恶性肿瘤细胞侵袭、转移等生物学过程关系密切,人体内至少有50%的蛋白质发生了糖基化修饰.本实验采用IgY12去除血清高丰度蛋白、多植物凝集素亲和层析技术分别从20例肝癌和年龄、性别匹配的20例非癌慢性肝病患者血清中纯化N 连接糖蛋白、二维电泳分析差异表达的蛋白质斑点,质谱检测、生物信息学等技术鉴定了18个差异表达的糖蛋白和/或其异质体(12种高表达和6种低表达).ExPASy数据库比对结果表明,本实验鉴定的糖蛋白质分子含有至少1个已报道的N 糖基化位点.这些差异表达的糖蛋白属于急性期反应蛋白,分别具有蛋白酶抑制、生物转运、凝血和纤溶等功能,表明肝癌的发生发展过程中机体产生的急性期反应物可能是潜在的肝癌血清标志物. 相似文献
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糖类抗原125(CA125)被认为是卵巢癌诊断的“金标准”,但在临床应用中普遍存在着特异性不高的问题.肿瘤形成和发展过程中常伴有糖基化修饰异常和糖链结构的改变,不同的肿瘤具有特异的异常糖链结构.近年来,借助凝集素芯片、多重质谱分析等糖蛋白组学和糖组学研究技术,发现不同来源CA125的O-糖链和N-糖链结构存在着明显的微观不均一性,以这些特征性糖链结构为标志物,可以显著提高CA125对卵巢癌的诊断特异性.在过去的10年,研究者们除对CA125糖链结构和糖基化模式做了深入的研究外,还利用糖组的研究方法,直接对来自卵巢癌患者血液、体液(腹水、囊泡液等)中糖蛋白的糖链做了精细的结构解析,结果显示,可有效鉴别卵巢癌患者和健康志愿者的特异性N-糖链结构,有可能成为灵敏度高和特异性好的卵巢癌生物标志物.卵巢癌生物标志物研究发展的总趋势是从传统的对蛋白质的定性和定量研究,逐步转向于对标志物糖基化修饰和特异性糖链结构的鉴定以及定量分析.本文从糖组学的视角,对卵巢癌标志物糖组学的研究现状及发展趋势进行了综述和展望. 相似文献
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蛋白质的O-GlcNAc糖基化现象发现迄今已有30多年历史.动物中,O-GlcNAc糖基化在调控细胞信号转导、基因转录、表观遗传和新陈代谢等方面发挥重要作用.而植物中,O-GlcNAc糖基化在近几年才得到关注并进行初步研究.本文对植物中O-GlcNAc修饰的糖供体合成途径、O-GlcNAc修饰关键酶、O-GlcNAc修饰蛋白的检测及功能等方面的研究工作进行归纳总结,发现O-GlcNAc糖基化在植物的生长发育、激素网络调控、信号转导、植物病毒侵染等过程均发挥重要作用,为进一步研究植物中O-GlcNAc糖基化的生物学功能提供参考. 相似文献
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Bojing Zhu Jiechen Shen Ting Zhao Haihai Jiang Tianran Ma Jie Zhang Liuyi Dang Ni Gao Yingwei Hu Yi Shi Shisheng Sun 《Proteomics》2019,19(3)
Influenza H1N1 virus has posed a serious threat to human health. The glycosylation of neuraminidase (NA) could affect the infectivity and virulence of the influenza virus, but detailed site‐specific glycosylation information of NA is still missing. In this study, intact glycopeptide analysis is performed on an influenza NA (A/H1N1/California/2009) that is expressed in human 293T and insect Hi‐5 cells. The data indicate that three of four potential N‐linked glycosylation sites are glycosylated, including one partial glycosylation site from both cell lines. The NA expressed in human cells has more complex glycans than that of insect cells, suggesting the importance of selecting an appropriate expression system for the production of functional glycoproteins. Different types of glycans are identified from different glycosites of NA expressed in human cells, which implies the site‐dependence of glycosylation on NA. This study provides valuable information for the research of influenza virus as well as the functions of viral protein glycosylation. 相似文献
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《Molecular & cellular proteomics : MCP》2020,19(4):672-689
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- •This study proposed a spectral library search method to accurately identify N-linked glycopeptides in human serum through LC-MS/MS with pMatchGlyco software.
- •The identification depth of serum N-linked intact glycopeptides and glycoproteins was increased by combination of acetonitrile precipitation, HILIC enrichment and high-pH RPLC fractionation.
- •22,677 unique serum N-linked intact glycopeptides corresponding to 526 N-linked glycoproteins were identified with N-glycosylation motif-specific FDR control.
- •This study revealed the great microheterogeneity of N-linked glycoproteins in serum.
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Miaomiao Xin Shanshan You Yintai Xu Wenhao Shi Bojing Zhu Jiechen Shen Jingyu Wu Cheng Li Zexuan Chen Yuanjie Su Juanzi Shi Shisheng Sun 《Molecular & cellular proteomics : MCP》2022,21(4)
Spermatozoon represents a very special cell type in human body, and glycosylation plays essential roles in its whole life including spermatogenesis, maturation, capacitation, sperm–egg recognition, and fertilization. In this study, by mapping the most comprehensive N-glycoproteome of human spermatozoa using our recently developed site-specific glycoproteomic approaches, we show that spermatozoa contain a number of distinctive glycoproteins, which are mainly involved in spermatogenesis, acrosome reaction and sperm:oocyte membrane binding, and fertilization. Heavy fucosylation is observed on 14 glycoproteins mostly located at extracellular and cell surface regions in spermatozoa but not in other tissues. Sialylation and Lewis epitopes are enriched in the biological process of immune response in spermatozoa, while bisected core structures and LacdiNAc structures are highly expressed in acrosome. These data deepen our knowledge about glycosylation in spermatozoa and lay the foundation for functional study of glycosylation and glycan structures in male infertility. 相似文献
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糖基化修饰是生物体内最常见、最重要的蛋白质翻译后修饰之一.哺乳动物体内超过50%的蛋白质都会发生糖基化修饰.糖蛋白广泛分布于各种组织的细胞膜表面,执行着重要的生物学功能.随着高通量、高灵敏度和高分辨率的蛋白质组学时代的来临,许多基于串级质谱技术解析糖链结构的生物数据库和分析软件也亦应运而生.本文综述了目前文献中最常用的糖类生物信息学资源,包括各种糖蛋白的数据库以及质谱解析糖类的相关工具和新技术、新方法. 相似文献
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Beer and wine are fermented beverages that contain abundant proteins released from barley or grapes, and secreted from yeast. These proteins are associated with many quality attributes including turbidity, foamability, effervescence, flavour and colour. Many grape proteins and secreted yeast proteins are glycosylated, and barley proteins can be glycated under the high temperatures in the beer making process. The emergence of high-resolution mass spectrometry has allowed proteomic and glycoproteomic analyses of these complex mixtures of proteins towards understanding their role in determining beer and wine attributes. In this review, we summarise recent studies of proteomic and glycoproteomic analyses of beer and wine including their strategies for mass spectrometry (MS)-based identification, quantification and characterisation of the glyco/proteomes of fermented beverages to control product quality. 相似文献
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Glycan decorations dictate protein functions and thus have crucialimportance in life sciences. Previously glycoprotein analysiswas mainly focused on the analysis of the liberated glycansallowing detailed structural, but lacking positional information.Analysis of intact glycopeptides required purified glycoproteinsand manual interpretation of spectra. We developed an approachwhere mixtures of native glycopeptides were analyzed with tandemmass spectrometry and the spectra were analyzed with automatedin silico workflows. The latter included combination of theoriginal spectra, generation of a human N-glycopeptide library,matching the glycopeptide spectra to the theoretical peptidefragments, scoring the observations, predicting the glycan composition,which were then matched against the observed spectra, statisticalvalidation of the results with target–decoy filtering,and finally the calculation of glycan structures. We verifiedthis approach with the 150 serotransferrin glycopeptide spectra,where we automatically generated 105 putative interpretationsfrom >109 theoretical glycopeptides. After scoring 62 glycopeptidespectra obtained validated interpretation with concomitant aminoacid sequences, glycan compositions, and structures. When applyingthis method to an unknown mixture of human plasma glycoproteinswe identified 80 glycopeptides with their glycan compositionsor structures. Instead of weeks and months of interpretationwork of mass spectrometry files our automated workflow can beexecuted in few hours and provide information concomitantlyfrom both the amino acid and glycan moieties of intact glycopeptidesin mixtures. No advanced computational skills were needed touse these preformed and tested workflows. In case users wantto add complexity to the analysis they are allowed to alterall parameters and rebuild the workflows. 相似文献
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The characterization of glycosylation is required for many protein therapeutics. The emergence of antibody and antibody-like molecules with multiple glycan attachment sites has rendered glycan analysis increasingly more complicated. Reliance on site-specific glycopeptide analysis is therefore necessary to fully analyze multi-glycosylated biotherapeutics. Established glycopeptide methodologies have generally utilized a priori knowledge of the glycosylation states of the investigated protein(s), database searching of results generated from data-dependent liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry workflows, and extracted ion quantitation of the individual identified species. However, the inherent complexity of glycosylation makes predicting all glycoforms on all glycosylation sites extremely challenging, if not impossible. That is, only the “knowns” are assessed. Here, we describe an agnostic methodology to qualitatively and quantitatively assess both “known” and “unknown” site-specific glycosylation for biotherapeutics that contain multiple glycosylation sites. The workflow uses data-independent, all ion fragmentation to generate glycan oxonium ions, which are then extracted across the entirety of the chromatographic timeline to produce a glycan-specific “fingerprint” of the glycoprotein sample. We utilized both HexNAc and sialic acid oxonium ion profiles to quickly assess the presence of Fab glycosylation in a therapeutic monoclonal antibody, as well as for high-throughput comparisons of multi-glycosylated protein drugs derived from different clones to a reference product. An automated method was created to rapidly assess oxonium profiles between samples, and to provide a quantitative assessment of similarity. 相似文献