千层塔中产石杉碱甲内生真菌的研究

从千层塔中分离产石杉碱甲内生真菌。采用平板分离法分离千层塔内生真菌,通过抑制乙酰胆碱酯酶活性和抗氧化活性筛选,结合薄层层析和HPLC测定活性菌株中的石杉碱甲含量,通过形态学ITS-rDNA序列分析鉴定内生真菌。共分离得到94株内生真菌,筛选到S29、L44、S94共3株乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制活性和清除DPPH·自由基活性都在50%以上,筛选到一株S29能产石杉碱甲的菌株。摇瓶发酵产量为每克干菌体的石杉碱甲含量为50.64μg。形态学与ITS-rDNA序列分析法鉴定该内生真菌为Podospora sp.属。药用植物千层塔体内Podospora sp.属的内生真菌可产石杉碱甲。     

从蛇足石杉中超声提取石杉碱甲和石杉碱乙

用正交试验确立了超声提取蛇足石杉生物碱的最佳条件。以石杉碱甲和石杉碱乙回收率为指标,考察了溶剂倍数、溶剂浓度、超声时间、超声功率等因素的影响。结果表明,在室温下超声提取的最优条件为：酸浓度O．8％(v／v),液固比例20：1,超声功率600W,超声15min。三次重复实验所得石杉碱甲和石杉碱乙回收率分别是9r7．3％和93．5％,相对标准偏差分别为1．31％和1．40％(n=3)。与传统的回流提取工艺相比,过程时间从2h缩短为15min,回收率提高了10％以上。     

千层塔内生真菌SHB发酵产石杉碱甲条件的研究

为提高千层塔产黄青霉属内生真菌SHB液体发酵产石杉碱甲的产量,通过单因子和正交试验研究了真菌SHB液体发酵的条件。结果表明,千层塔内生真菌SHB液体发酵产石杉碱甲的适宜条件：温度为28℃,起始pH为6．4,接种量为12％,种龄为48h,转速为160r／min,发酵时间为8d。在此条件下,石杉碱甲的产量可达4．761μg／mL。     

石杉碱甲提取工艺研究

以蛇足石杉为原料,采用生物碱分离的传统方法,通过盐酸浸提,氯仿萃取来制取、纯化石杉碱甲,选出最佳、最经济的生产工艺配方是:料液比为1:10,浸泡10 h,酸解3次,每次为45 min,酸解pH值为3.0,酸解温度为55℃,碱化pH为9.0;纯化过程中,用相当于石杉碱甲溶液体积15%的活性炭在pH为3.0条件下除杂,石杉碱甲的得率大于79.4%。     

影响九华山千层塔石杉碱甲含量的主要环境因子分析

为了确定九华山千层塔[Huperzia serrata（Thunb．）Trev．]的最佳采收期和采收部位,根据千层塔不同部位的石杉碱甲含量及各环境因子的变化趋势,运用灰色关联分析法对影响九华山千层塔石杉碱甲含量的主要环境因子进行了分析。结果表明,千层塔各部位的石杉碱甲含量不同,其中根中的含量最低,叶和茎中的含量较高;4月份叶和茎中的石杉碱甲含量最高,分别为0．0559％和0．0444％。影响九华山千层塔石杉碱甲含量的主要环境因子是根际土壤有机质含量、全氮含量和全磷含量,温度和降水量与石杉碱甲含量变化的相关性最小。研究结果表明,在九华山,千层塔的最佳采收期为4月份,最佳采收部位是叶和茎。     

石杉碱甲的研究进展

本文综述了1984年以来对石杉碱甲的药理作用、构效关系、合成及其天然来源等方面的研究进展;详细罗列了巳确认的石杉碱甲天然来源,以及从中分离出的其它生物碱;探讨了石碱杉甲的结构特征与其抑制乙酰胆碱酯酶活性能力之间的关系。     

石杉碱甲对氧自由基的影响

目的:研究石杉碱甲对氧自由基的影响,探讨石杉碱甲抗老年性痴呆的机制.方法:按50 mg/kg·d给大鼠皮下注射D-半乳糖6周后,按石杉碱甲0.1mg/kg·d、0.2mg/kg·d给药2周,检测血清和脑组织中SOD活力和MDA含量.结果:石杉碱甲能明显提高大鼠血清和脑组织中SOD的活力,同时降低MDA的含量.结论:加快氧自由基的清除、减少自由基损伤是石杉碱甲抗老年性痴呆的机制之一.     

HPLC法检测蛇足石杉内生真菌胶胞炭疽发酵液中石杉碱甲和石杉碱乙的含量

建立了高效液相色谱(HPLC)测定蛇足石杉(Huperzia serrate)内生真菌胶胞炭疽发酵液中石杉碱甲(Huperzina A)和石杉碱乙(Huperzine B)含量的方法,并以此方法检测胶胞炭疽发酵液中石杉碱甲和石杉碱乙含量的积累。内生真菌发酵液经氯仿萃取、甲醇溶解、过滤后进行高效液相检测分析,选用Agilent Eclipse plus-C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),以0.015 mol/L乙酸铵(p H 6.8)和甲醇溶液(70∶30)为流动相进行等度洗脱,流速1 mL/min,检测波长为308 nm,连续检测内生真菌胶胞炭疽发酵液中第6–15天石杉碱甲和石杉碱乙的含量积累。结果表明,发酵提取液中的石杉碱甲和石杉碱乙可在25 min内进行很好的分离和分析,石杉碱甲在1.50-48.00μg/mL范围内线性关系良好(相关系数r为0.999 5),石杉碱乙在0.25-7.50μg/mL范围内线性关系良好(相关系数r为0.999 7),石杉碱甲和石杉碱乙的平均加标回收率分别为106.83%、108.06%,相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为3.34%、3.60%。该方法简便、快速、精密度高、结果准确,适用于内生真菌发酵液中石杉碱甲和石杉碱乙含量检测。在发酵过程中,内生真菌发酵液中石杉碱甲和石杉碱乙的含量呈现先增后减,随后有所增加继而又减少的趋势。石杉碱甲和石杉碱乙的含量分别在内生真菌发酵第14天、第8天达到最高,分别为12.417 0μg/mL、4.660 3μg/mL。该方法学的建立为内生真菌胶胞炭疽合成石杉碱甲与石杉碱乙的机制研究提供了检测手段,从而有利于药物新资源的开发。     

石杉碱甲结构改造的研究进展

石杉碱甲是高效、高选择性的可逆性乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂,是治疗早老性痴呆症的一个有前景的药物.本文概述了石杉碱甲的性质、结构和构效关系,从结构简化、C10、吡啶酮环、脂桥环、环外双键和桥头氨基等方面综述了石杉碱甲结构改造的研究进展,并描述了所得的新型石杉碱甲类似物的抗乙酰胆碱酯酶的生物活性.在已合成的大量的石杉碱甲类似物中,部分类似物的活性优于天然石杉碱甲,石杉碱甲结构改造的研究取得了可喜的进展.     

武夷山脉石杉科植物石杉碱甲含量的研究

石杉植物因所含Hup A为高效、可逆、高选择性的中枢性乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂而受关注。实地采集标本并用改进的HPLC法测定了武夷山脉4种石杉科植物及不同居群间的石杉碱甲(Hup A)含量。结果显示石杉碱甲在长柄石杉、四川石杉、有柄马尾杉和华南马尾杉中均有分布,其中以有柄马尾杉中含量最高,达0.1510%;含量最低的是四川石杉,为0.016%。该地区优势种长柄石杉（千层塔）11个居群的石杉碱甲含量测定显示武平县梁野山和三元区中村乡两个居群含量较高,分别为0.0636%和0.0519%。对石松科部分种进行石杉碱甲测定,认为藤石松等不含石杉碱甲。结果表明武夷山脉地区拥有优良的石杉碱甲植物资源。     

正交试验优化梓醇的微波辅助提取工艺

目的:通过正交实验优选了地黄中梓醇的微波提取工艺。方法:以地黄粗提液中梓醇含量为指标,HPLC为含量测定方法,采用正交实验法,选取乙醇浓度(A)、料液比(B)、提取时间(C)和提取次数(D)4个因素,每个因素选取3个水平进行实验,确定了最佳提取工艺。结果:研究结果表明乙醇浓度为60%,料液比为4,微波提取3次,每次3 min为梓醇的最佳提取工艺。结论:微波辅助提取地黄中梓醇效率高,提取完全,方法可行。     

The determination of huperzine A in European Lycopodiaceae species by HPLC-UV-MS

A rapid qualitative HPLC-UV-MS method was developed for the detection of huperzine A in Lycopodiaceae species. HPLC coupled with mass spectrometry experiments allowed the identification of the alkaloid and enabled targeted analysis of complex matrices such as herbal extracts. Huperzine A was detected by single ion monitoring of the pseudomolecular ion [M + H]+ at m/z 243.2. The alkaloid was also detected on TLC in a bioautographic enzyme assay with acetylcholinesterase to show the activity of the compound. Four Lycopodiaceae species collected in Switzerland were tested by these methods and Huperzia selago (L.) Bernh. ex Schrank et Martius was the only species found to contain huperzine A.     

湘西蛇足石杉中石杉碱甲、乙和丙含量的测定

采用超声萃取法提取湘西蛇足石杉总生物碱,用高效液相色谱法同时测定其石杉碱甲、乙和丙含量,并分析其在植株不同部位的分布。结果表明:湘西4个样地蛇足石杉中石杉碱甲、乙和丙含量基本一致,分别达到0.5‰、0.3‰和0.04‰;但植株不同部位三种石杉碱含量差异显著,其中石杉碱甲和乙的分布均为叶>茎>根,石杉碱丙则是根大于叶和茎。由此可知,湘西蛇足石杉具有资源优势,石杉碱在植株的分布具有明显的部位选择性;采用HPLC可同时检测石杉碱甲、乙和丙,方法简单快速、准确可靠。     

A novel endophytic Huperzine A–producing fungus,Shiraia sp. Slf14, isolated from Huperzia serrata

Aims: To characterize and identify a novel Huperzine A (HupA)‐producing fungal strain Slf14 isolated from Huperzia serrata (Thunb. ex Murray) Trev. in China. Methods and Results: The isolation, identification and characterization of a novel endophytic fungus producing HupA specifically and consistently from the leaves of H. serrata were investigated. The fungus was identified as Shiraia sp. Slf14 by molecular and morphological methods. The HupA produced by this endophytic fungus was shown to be identical to authentic HupA analysed by thin layer chromatographic, High‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), LC‐MS, ¹H NMR and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition activity in vitro. The amount of HupA produced by Shiraia sp. Slf14 was quantified to be 327·8 μg l^?1 by HPLC, which was far higher than that of the reported endophytic fungi, Acremonium sp., Blastomyces sp. and Botrytis sp. Conclusions: The production of HupA by endophyte Shiraia sp. Slf14 is an enigmatic observation. It would be interesting to further study the HupA production and regulation by the cultured endophyte in H. serrata and in axenic cultures. Significance and Impact of the Study: Although the current accumulation of HupA by the endophyte is not very high, it could provide a promising alterative approach for large‐scale production of HupA. However, further strain improvement and the fermentation process optimization are required to result in the consistent and dependable production.     

Development of a one-step immunochromatographic strip test for the detection of sennosides A and B

An immunochromatographic strip test was developed to detect sennoside A (1) and sennoside B (2) using anti-1 and anti-2 monoclonal antibodies. The qualitative assay was based on a competitive immunoassay in which the detector reagent consisted of colloidal gold particles coated with the respective sennoside antibodies. The capture reagents were 1- and 2-human serum albumin (HSA) conjugates immobilised on a nitrocellulose membrane on the test strip. The sample containing 1 and 2, together with detector reagent, passed over the zone where the capture reagents had been immobilised. The analytes in the sample competed for binding to the limited amount of antibodies in the detector reagent with the immobilised 1- and 2-HSA conjugates on the membrane and hence positive samples showed no colour in the capture spot zone. Detection limits for the strip test were 125 ng/mL for both sennosides. The assay system is useful as a rapid and simple screening method for the detection of 1 and 2 in plants, drugs and body fluids.     

微波法和超声波法提取绿穗苋多糖响应面优化研究

绿穗苋是一种药食兼用作物,其中多糖成份具有很高的药食价值。本研究以绿穗苋地上部分为材料,以微波和超声波两种方法对绿穗苋多糖进行提取,并通过响应面分析法对提取进行优化,确定最佳工艺,通过水提醇沉的方法得到绿穗苋粗多糖。综合比较两种提取工艺,提取效果最佳工艺为微波提取法。其条件为:提取时间41.42 min,提取功率211.65 W,料液比1:33.338 (g/mL),实际得率为13.25%。该研究结果促进绿穗苋资源的有效利用,为绿穗苋多糖的提取工艺及产品的开发利用提供理论依据。