中国的石松科植物

本文对国产石松科(狭义)进行了分类学研究,共记载本科植物6属15种3变型。文中引用新建 立的1属,即拟小石松属Pseudolycopodiella Holub,并包含1个新命名：Lycopodium neopungens H．S．Kung et L．B．Zhang,1个新变型：Palhinhaea hainanensis C．Y. Yang f．glabra H．S．Kung et L．B．Zhang和9个新 异名：Lycopodium annotinum L．var．brevifolium Christ(=L ．zonatum),L．annotinum L．var．aciculare Christ (=L．zonatum),L.alticola Ching(=L．zonatum),L．simulans Ching et H．S．Kung ex Ching(=L．japoni- cum),L．interjectum Ching et H．S．Kung ex Ching(=L．japonicum),L. taliense Ching(=L．japonicum),L．pseudoclavatum Ching(：=L．japonicm．),L． pseudoclavatum Ching var．yunnanense Ching(=L．japonicum),及L. centro-chinense Ching(=L. japonicum)．本文还记述了有关分类群的地理分布,并认为中国没有Dipha- siastrum wightianum(Wall．ex Grev．et Hook．)Holub的分布。     

Diphaladine A，扁枝石松中一个新的石松生物碱

从扁枝石松（Diphasiastrum complanatum）的95％乙醇提取物中分离得到1个新的石松生物碱,经波谱技术鉴定其结构,命名为diphaladine A（1）。同时还分离得到其它9个已知石松生物碱类化合物,其中obsctmmaine A（2）,L20,lycoposerramine—K,des—N—methyl—β—obscurine,des-N—methyl-α—obscurine,lycoflexion,和phlegmariurine B等7个化合物均为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

石松非生物碱成分研究

用层析方法从石松(Lycopodium japonicum)全草的乙醇提取物中分离得到8个化合物.通过波谱分析,分别鉴定为3 β,21β,24-tnhydroxyserrat-14-烯-16-酮(1),3α,2β,24-trihydroxyserrat-14-烯-16-酮(2),3β,21β,24-trihydroxy...     

中国石松科的分类(四)

(四)灯笼石松属 Palhinhaea A.Franeo et Vasc. 灯笼石松 灯笼草、过山龙 Palhinhaea cernua(L.)A.Franco et Vasc.in Vasconcellos et Franco,Bot.Soc.Broter.ser.2.41:25.1967.——Lycopodium cernuum L.Sp.P1.2:1103.1753;Spring,Monogr.Lycop.1:79.1842 et 2:37.1849;Baker,Handb.Fern Allies 23.1887;Nessel Barlappgewachse 350.1939.——     

中国蕨类植物孢子形态的研究Ⅻ.石松科

利用扫描电镜对中国产石松科6属9种1变型植物孢子形态进行了观察.结果表明:石松科植物孢子为四面体形,辐射对称;具三裂缝,裂缝为孢子半径的1/2～3/4或几达赤道线,有些种裂缝具唇状边缘;极面观一般为圆角三角形或近圆形,赤道面观为扇形或近椭圆形;极轴长为23～50 μm,赤道轴长为24～54 μm;由外壁形成孢子表面网状、棒状、脊状、拟网状、瘤状和颗粒状纹饰的轮廓;周壁薄,通常只有1层.从孢粉学特征看,石松属和扁枝石松属孢子形态有交叉,属间特征不明显;而小石松属、卡罗利拟小石松属、垂穗石松属和藤石松属的属间孢子形态特征明显.     

蛇足石杉中两个新的过氧羟基取代的石松生物碱

从我国民间中药蛇足石杉(Huperzia serrata(Thunb.)Trey.)的全草的总碱部位分得3个石松生物碱,经光谱分析鉴定为11α-过氧羟基马尾杉碱乙(1)、7-过氧羟基马尾杉碱乙(2)和马尾杉碱乙(3).1和2为首次发现的过氧羟基取代的石松生物碱.     

蛇足石杉中两个新的过氧羟基取代的石松生物碱

从我国民间中药蛇足石杉（Huperzia serrata(Thunb.)Trev.)的全草的总碱部位分得3个石松生物碱。经光谱分析鉴定为11α-过氧羟基马尾杉碱乙（1）,7-过氧羟基马尾杉碱乙（2）和马尾杉碱乙（3）,1和2为首次发现的过氧羟基取代的石松生物碱。     

香港蕨类植物新记录

报道了香港蕨类植物新记录种5种,即台湾轴脉蕨(Ctenitopsis kusukuensis)、掌叶线蕨(Colysis digi-tata)、德化鳞毛蕨(Dryopteris dehuaensis)、海岛鳞始蕨(Lindsaeaorbiculatavar.commixta)和石松(Lycopo-diumclavatum),其中包括两个新记录属轴脉蕨属(Ctenitopsis)和石松属(Lycopodium)。另外,还列出了每个种的重要特征及其与相关种类的差异。     

苍耳4种溶剂提取物除草活性的研究

以油菜(Brassica campestris L.)、黄瓜(Cucumis sativus L.)、小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)和高粱(Sorghum vulgare Pers.)4种作物种子为供试材料,用种子萌发法测定了苍耳(Xanthium sibiricum Patrin)全株的石油醚、乙酸乙酯、丙酮和苯4种溶剂提取物的除草活性。结果表明,苍耳丙酮提取物对4种作物生长的抑制活性最高,其次为乙酸乙酯提取物和苯提取物,石油醚提取物对4种作物生长的抑制活性最低。不同作物幼根和幼茎对4种溶剂提取物的敏感性不同,油菜和高粱的幼根对苍耳丙酮提取物极为敏感,5 g.L-1苍耳丙酮提取物对油菜和高粱幼根生长的抑制率分别为90.7%和92.1%。     

中国东北石松孢子形态的研究

本文利用扫描电子显微镜对中国东北产的２科３属８种（含变种）石松植物的孢子进行了观察,对每个种的形态特征进行了描述。讨论了各属、种间的差异,为石松植物的系统分类及粉学研究提供资料。     

The reclassification of Lycopodiaceae (s. str.) in China

The fern-allied family Lycopodiaceae(s. str. ) in China is reclassified in the present paper. Six genera, fifteen species and three forms are recorded. The genus Pseudolycopodiella Holub (1983) is adopted, one new name, Lycopodium neopungens H. S. Kung et L. B. Zhang, is given to replace the invalid name L. pungens Desv., one new form is described: Palhinhaea hainanensis C. Y. Yang f. glabra H. S. Kung et L. B. Zhang, and nine names are treated for the first time as synonyms: L. annotinum L. var. brevifolium Christ( = L. zonatum Ching), L. annotinum L. var. aciculare Christ( = L. zonatum Ching), L. alticola Ching( = L. zonatum Ching), L. simulans Ching et H. S. Kung ex Ching( = L. japonicum Thunb. ex Murray), L. interjectum Ching et H. S. Kung ex Ching( = L. japonicum Thunb. ex Murray), L. taliense Ching(＝L. japonicum Thunb. ex Murray), L. pseudoclavatum Ching( = L. japonicm Thunb. ex Murray.), L. pseudoclavatum Ching var. yunnanense Ching( = L. japonicum Thunb. ex Murray), and L. centro-chinense Ching( = L. japonicum Thunb. ex Murray). The distribution of all the taxa is also given. Additionally, some taxonomic discussions are made and it is considered that there is no Diphasiastrum wightianum (Wall. ex Grev. et Hook. ) Holub( = Lycopodium wightianum Wall. ex Grev.et Hook. ) in the flora.     

Lyconadins D and E, and complanadine E, new Lycopodium alkaloids from Lycopodium complanatum

Three new Lycopodium alkaloids, lyconadins D (1) and E (2), and complanadine E (3), were isolated from the club moss Lycopodium complanatum. Lyconadin D (1) was the first example of fastigiatine-type alkaloid isolated from Lycopodium complanatum. The structures and relative stereochemistry of 1-3 were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data. Complanadine E (3) enhanced mRNA expression for NGF.     

Complanadines C and D, new dimeric alkaloids from Lycopodium complanatum

Two new dimeric Lycopodium alkaloids, complanadines C (1) and D (2), have been isolated from the club moss Lycopodium complanatum, and the structures and relative stereochemistry of 1 and 2 were elucidated on the basis of the spectral data. Complanadine D (2) enhanced mRNA expression for NGF.     

Lycoparins A-C, new alkaloids from Lycopodium casuarinoides inhibiting acetylcholinesterase

Three new Lycopodium alkaloids, lycoparins A-C (1-3), have been isolated from the club moss Lycopodium casuarinoides. Structures and stereochemistry of 1-3 were elucidated on the basis of 2D NMR correlations. Lycoparins C (3) exhibited an inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesterase, while lycoparins A (1) and B (2) did not show activity.     

Polyhydroxyserratane triterpenoids from Diphasiastrum complanatum

Serratane triterpenoids were identified from Diphasiastrum complanatum (L.) Holub, including serratane-3alpha,14alpha,15alpha,20beta,21beta,24,29-heptol (1), 3alpha,20beta,21beta-trihydroxyserrat-14-en-24-oic acid (2), 3beta,20beta,21beta-trihydroxyserrat-14-en-24-oic acid (3), 3alpha,20beta,21beta-trihydroxy-16-oxoserrat-14-en-24-oic acid (4), and 16-oxolyclanitin-29-yl E-4'-hydroxyl-3'-methoxycinnamate (5) on the basis of their spectroscopic data as well as nine known analogs.     

LYCOPODIUM PROTHALLI AND THEIR ENDOPHYTIC FUNGI AS STUDIED IN VITRO

Freeberg , John A. (Lehigh U., Bethlehem, Pa.) Lycopodium prothalli and their endophytic fungi as studied in vitro. Amer. Jour. Bot. 49(5): 530–535. Illus. 1962.—A fungus isolated from a prothallus of Lycopodium obscurum is described. This fungus was found to invade prothalli of L. complanatum, L. selago and L. cernuum. The association of the fungus with L. complanatum in vitro is such that the form of the prothallus as well as the general area of fungus invasion approaches that of prothalli in nature. Prothalli grown with the fungus on a starch medium were found to gain in weight more rapidly than prothalli grown alone. This suggests that the presumed symbiotic relationship in nature can be duplicated in vitro under certain conditions.     

Validation of generic names inLycopodiaceae: with a description of a new genusPseudolycopodiella

Four earlier proposed and invalidly published generic names ofLycopodiaceae are validated:Lateristachys (type:Lycopodium laterale R. Br.),Lycopodiastrum (type:Lycopodium casuarinoides Spring),Pseudodiphasium (type:Lycopodium volubile G. Forster) andPseudolycopodium (type:Pseudolycopodium densum (Rothm.) Holub). A new genusPseudolycopodiella (type:Lycopodium carolinianum L.) is described. New nomenclatural combinations are proposed for 17 species of these genera and ofLycopodiella.     

Notes on South Greenland vascular plants. Pteridophytes and gymnosperms

Taxonomical and nomenclatural notes worked out during a phytogeographical study of South Greenland are published. It is shown that the Greenland representative of Polypodium belongs to the American P. virginianum and not to the Eurasian P. vulgare. The following changes are made: Diphasiastrum complanatum (L.) Holub f. montellii (Kukk.) J. Feilberg comb, et stat. nov. and Isoetes lacustris L. ssp. pauper–cula (Engelm.) J. Feilberg stat. nov. The last mentioned change has to be made here when treating ssp. lacustris , which is the taxon present in Greenland.     

Lycopladines B-D and lyconadin B, new alkaloids from Lycopodium complanatum

Four new alkaloids, lycopladines B-D (1-3) and lyconadin B (4), have been isolated from the club moss Lycopodium complanatum and the structures including the stereochemistry were elucidated on the basis of spectral data and modified Mosher's method. Lyconadin B (4) elevated NGF mRNA expression in 1321N1 human astrocytoma cells.