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1.
利用事件相关电位(ERP)技术,探讨非注意状态的刺激朝向改变是否引起自动加工。刺激为具有一定朝向(垂直和水平各50%)和一定空间频率(低频90%,高频10%)的光栅。要求被试忽略光栅朝向,对高频光栅作反应。刺激呈现时间为50ms,刺激间隔在250至450ms之间随机变化。低频光栅刺激被分为两类,“匹配”(与前一刺激朝向相同)和“失匹配”(与前一刺激朝向不同)。结果发现,失匹配刺激比匹配刺激诱发出更大的枕区P1、更大的前额-中央区N1以及更大的前部与顶区P2,但前部与顶区的N2却更小。这些ERPs变化提示,视觉对非注意的刺激朝向变化进行了一定程度的自动加工;视觉通道可能存在类似听觉失匹配负波(MMN)的、然而机制不同的自动加工成分 相似文献
2.
失匹配负波(MMN)是由重复刺激序列(即标准刺激)中偶然出现的、与标准刺激有可辨别差异的偏差刺激所诱发的一种持续时间较短、极性为负的事件相关电位(ERP)。失匹配负波在人类和动物中普遍存在,并可在视、听、嗅等多种模态中诱发,其出现不依赖于注意,所以反映了大脑对知觉环境变化的自动感知,对动物的生存与繁殖成功至关重要。本文对不同类群动物失匹配负波研究、失匹配负波产生机制、发生源以及影响因素进行了综述,旨在厘清该生理指标的优势与不足,为动物认知潜在机制研究提供有益参考。最后文章对动物失匹配负波未来研究方向提出了展望。 相似文献
3.
时间知觉是人类的一项基本能力.日常生活经验表明时间知觉容易受到情绪的影响.但是在前人的研究中,这些影响往往伴随着主动注意和外显的运动反应.这里关注的是不伴随主动注意和外显运动反应的内隐时间知觉是否受到情绪面孔的影响.被试在主动完成一个由情绪面孔组成的视觉辨别任务的同时,被动地听一系列声音刺激.声音刺激的刺激启动异步时间(stimulus onset asynchrony,SOA)中,80%是标准SOA(800ms),20%是偏差SOA(400,600 ms).对频繁出现的标准SOA和偶尔出现的偏差SOA诱发的事件相关电位(event-related potential,ERP)进行记录.2个短的偏差SOA(400和600ms)引发了2个变化相关的ERP成分:失匹配负波(the mismatch negativity,MMN)和P3a.代表对无规律变化早期检测的MMN波幅受到了情绪面孔的影响.与愉快和中性面孔相比,恐惧面孔降低了MMN波幅.对于400ms偏差SOA,与恐惧面孔和中性面孔相比,愉快面孔增加了P3a波幅.该ERP研究提示听觉通道的内隐时间知觉受到情绪面孔的影响,恐惧面孔降低了内隐时间知觉的准确性. 相似文献
4.
目的:考察失匹配负波(Mismatch Negativity, MMN)相位差范式的波幅与刺激差异的关系,探求具有最大波幅的相位差,为提高MMN的效应量提供理论基础。方法:随机选取25名大学生,通过听觉oddball范式呈现刺激,其中标准刺激左右声道的相位差为0°,偏差刺激的相位差分别为2.63°、45°、90°、135°、180°;取Fz、FCz和Cz点的平均波幅进行重复测量方差分析。结果:剔除异常数据后剩余被试24人;刺激差异的主效应显著(P0.01),当相位差为180°、135°和90°时,波幅显著大于2.63°和45°(P0.05),但2.63°和45°之间差异不显著(P0.05),90°之后差异也不显著(P0.05)。结论:MMN相位差范式的波幅在0°~90°范围内随刺激差异增大而增大,之后趋于稳定;当相位差为180°时波幅最大,可能是该范式的最佳设置。 相似文献
5.
跨通路注意的失匹配负波研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用“跨通路延迟反应”实验模式 ,提高了非注意纯度 ,排除了偏差刺激中的目标任务因素 ,以 1 2名青年正常人为被试者 ,研究注意与非注意条件下的ERPs.实验分为 2项 :( 1 )注意视觉通路 ,忽视听觉通路 ;( 2 )注意听觉通路 ,忽视视觉通路 .主要分析偏差刺激ERP减去标准刺激ERP所得之偏差成分 .结果发现视听通路在注意条件下均能产生MMN ,N2b和P3,在非注意时主要产生MMN .听觉MMN与视觉MMN具有如下共同特征 :注意时视听最大MMN波幅分布于它们的初级感觉投射区 ,而在非注意条件下视听最大MMN波幅均分布于额中央部 .视觉MMN与听觉MMN波幅无显著性差异 .MMN波幅及其头皮分布不受注意影响 ,提示MMN波幅是反映自动加工的重要ERP指标 ;但视听觉MMN潜伏期皆受注意影响 ,表明MMN不仅仅反映自动加工 ,尚与控制加工有关 相似文献
6.
已有的研究结果表明,海马参与记忆的编码和提取,并且它会受到新发生事件与已存储记忆匹配或者不匹配的影响.先前的功能磁共振研究报道,在延迟匹配任务中,目标匹配增强作为一种工作记忆成分,与物体性质和位置的整合有关,能够显著地激活海马体部.但是,关于这一过程的时间信息目前尚不清楚.本研究利用特定癫痫病人在双侧海马植入的深部电极,跨被试间电极触点位置基本一致,因此具有较高的空间分辨率和时间分辨率的优势.我们发现,左侧海马体部在目标匹配增强中起着重要作用.同时,这种效应发生在探测刺激出现后600~650 ms,大约在知觉匹配增强或者P300等知觉效应后200 ms.另外,对于每一个被试,目标匹配增强的潜伏期与平均反应时成正相关.结果揭示,当工作记忆的任务与性质-位置捆绑有关时,海马参与并起重要作用.结果说明,目标匹配增强效应在知觉过程之后发生,表明了工作记忆不同成分在海马的分离. 相似文献
7.
《四川动物》2017,(3)
声音通讯对发声动物的生存和繁殖起着重要作用。但动物鸣声在时域上不同组成部分的生物学意义差异尚无定论。无尾两栖类的鸣声一般由音节和间隔组成,如雄性仙琴蛙Babina daunchina的广告鸣叫由一至十余个音节及持续时间约为150 ms的间隔组成,这为研究不同音节生物学意义的差异提供了便利。本研究采用优化的失匹配负波(MMN)范式,在播放标准刺激(白噪声)和偏差刺激(同一个广告鸣叫的5个音节)时,采集脑电信号,经过叠加平均后得到MMN。结果显示,第一个音节对应的MMN幅度最高,而且具有大脑左侧优势。由于MMN幅度表征刺激与记忆痕迹之间的差异,同时反映投入的大脑资源,据此推测第一个音节在蛙类声音通讯中起至关重要的作用。 相似文献
8.
利用128道高分辨率脑电测量技术及脑电相干处理技术,通过测量大脑对图形形状知觉(任务1)、图形形状和空间位置知觉(任务2)两种任务的事件相关电位,并基于电极数大致相同的原则,从枕叶至额叶把头表分成7个区,然后分析了枕叶与其它各区在不同频段的相干性.结果发现:在γ1频段(28~39Hz),任务2时的平均相干系数值显著大于任务1时的相应值;同时还发现在枕叶与额叶间,任务2的相干系数更显著地大于任务1的相干系数.结合视觉的两条通路的理论,这一结果从相干性角度表明,背侧通道的参与强化了枕叶与额叶之间的信息沟通,而这种沟通主要在γ1频段. 相似文献
9.
该文的主要目的是研究对运动形成图形(动态图形)注意所引起的ERP的反应。在实验中,被试只注意在一侧视野呈现的动态刺激图形,并对倾斜的条状刺激作反应。主要实验结果为:1.空间选择性注意使得早期ERP成分P1和N1的幅度增大;2.注意也使得晚期成分N2的幅度增大,脑地形图和低分辨率断层成象(LORETA)的结果一致显示,dN2成分(注意状态的N2减去非注意状态的N2)位于右侧枕颞区。dN2成分的时间过程和分布说明它是一种选择负波,反映了注意对发生于右侧枕颞区的运动形成图形处理过程的加强和易化。 相似文献
10.
理解他人心理并进行人际互动是人类交往的认知基础,人所持有的信念直接决定着个体的心理活动.为了研究推测他人信念的认知神经机制,记录并分析了14名健康成人执行“欺骗外表”任务时的32导脑电数据.错误信念与正确信念问题呈现后,均在头皮中前部诱发了N100,P200和晚期负成分(LNC).LNC从400ms左右开始,一直持续到1200ms结束.在400~800ms,错误信念LNC显著低于正确信念.对错误信念减正确信念所得差异波进行源分析,发现偶极子定位于扣带回中部皮层.这些发现表明,错误信念推理中可能包含了抑制加工. 相似文献
11.
Myoung Soo Kwon Minna Huotilainen Anna Shestakova Teija Kujala Risto Näätänen Heikki Hämäläinen 《Bioelectromagnetics》2010,31(3):191-199
We investigated the effect of mobile phone use on the auditory sensory memory in children. Auditory event‐related potentials (ERPs), P1, N2, mismatch negativity (MMN), and P3a, were recorded from 17 children, aged 11–12 years, in the recently developed multi‐feature paradigm. This paradigm allows one to determine the neural change‐detection profile consisting of several different types of acoustic changes. During the recording, an ordinary GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) mobile phone emitting 902 MHz (pulsed at 217 Hz) electromagnetic field (EMF) was placed on the ear, over the left or right temporal area (SAR1g = 1.14 W/kg, SAR10g = 0.82 W/kg, peak value = 1.21 W/kg). The EMF was either on or off in a single‐blind manner. We found that a short exposure (two 6 min blocks for each side) to mobile phone EMF has no statistically significant effects on the neural change‐detection profile measured with the MMN. Furthermore, the multi‐feature paradigm was shown to be well suited for studies of perception accuracy and sensory memory in children. However, it should be noted that the present study only had sufficient statistical power to detect a large effect size. Bioelectromagnetics 31:191–199, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. 相似文献
12.
Mager R Stefani O Angehrn I Mueller-Spahn F Bekiaris E Wiederhold BK Sulzenbacher H Bullinger AH 《Applied psychophysiology and biofeedback》2005,30(3):233-238
In today’s society, there is an increasing number of workplaces in virtual environments (VE). But, there are only a few reports dealing with occupational health issues or age effects. The question arises how VR generally interferes with cognitive processes. This interference might have relevant implications for workability and work-efficiency in virtual environments. Event-related potentials are known to reflect different stages of stimulus reception, evaluation, and response. We have established an electroencephalographic (EEG) monitoring, focussing on event-related potentials (N100; mismatch negativity, i.e., MMN) to obtain access to attention dependent and pre-attentive processing of sensory stimuli applied in VE. The MMN is known to be correlated with the ability of subjects to react to an unexpected event. The aim of the present study was to investigate cognitive responses to distracting auditory stimuli in two different age groups in a virtual environment (VE) and in a real environment (“real reality”), and to compare characteristic neurophysiological response patterns. Data show that stimulus detection as given by the N100 amplitude and latency does not differ in both age groups and task conditions. In contrast, the pre-attentive processing as given by the MMN is altered in the VR such as the non-VR condition in an age-related manner. A relevant finding of the present study was that the age related differences seen in the non-VR condition were not strengthened in VR. 相似文献
13.
The investigation of weak (<500 microT), extremely low frequency (ELF, 0-300 Hz) magnetic field (MF) exposure upon human cognition and electrophysiology has yielded incomplete and contradictory evidence that MFs interact with human biology. This may be due to the small number of studies undertaken examining ELF MF effects upon the human electroencephalogram (EEG), and the associated analysis of evoked related potentials (ERPs). Relatively few studies have examined how MF exposure may affect cognitive and perceptual processing in human subjects. The introduction of this review considers some of the recent studies of ELF MF exposure upon the EEG, ERPs and cognitive and perceptual tasks. We also consider some of the confounding factors within current human MF studies and suggest some new strategies for further experimentation. 相似文献
14.
Myoung Soo Kwon Teija Kujala Minna Huotilainen Anna Shestakova Risto Näätänen Heikki Hämäläinen 《Bioelectromagnetics》2009,30(3):241-248
Previous studies on the effects of the mobile phone electromagnetic field (EMF) on various event‐related potential (ERP) components have yielded inconsistent and even contradictory results, and often failed in replication. The mismatch negativity (MMN) is an auditory ERP component elicited by infrequent (deviant) stimuli differing in some physical features from the repetitive frequent (standard) stimuli in a sound sequence. The MMN provides a sensitive measure for cortical auditory stimulus feature discrimination, regardless of attention and other contaminating factors. In this study, MMN responses to duration, intensity, frequency, and gap changes were recorded in healthy young adults (n = 17), using a multifeature paradigm including several types of auditory change in the same stimulus sequence, while a GSM mobile phone was placed on either ear with the EMF (902 MHz pulsed at 217 Hz; SAR1g = 1.14 W/kg, SAR10g = 0.82 W/kg, peak value = 1.21 W/kg, measured with an SAM phantom) on or off. An MMN was elicited by all deviant types, while its amplitude and latency showed no significant differences due to EMF exposure for any deviant types. In the present study, we found no conclusive evidence that acute exposure to GSM mobile phone EMF affects cortical auditory change detection processing reflected by the MMN. Bioelectromagnetics 30:241–248, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. 相似文献
15.
Event-related potentials were measured in 12 healthy youth subjects aged 19-22 using the paradigm \"cross-modal and delayed response\" which is able to improve unattended purity and to avoid the effect of task target on the deviant components of ERP. The experiment included two conditions: (i) Attend visual modality, ignore auditory modality; (ii) attend auditory modality, ignore visual modality. The stimuli under the two conditions were the same. The difference wave was obtained by subtracting ERPs of the standard stimuli from that of the deviant stim-uli. The present results showed that mismatch negativity (MMN), N2b and P3 components can be produced in the auditory and visual modalities under attention condition. However, only MMN was observed in the two modalities un-der inattention condition. Auditory and visual MMN have some features in common: their largest MMN wave peaks were distributed respectively over their primary sensory projection areas of the scalp under attention condition, but over front 相似文献
16.
Patrick May Hannu Tiitinen Risto J. Ilmoniemi Göte Nyman John G. Taylor Risto Näätänen 《Journal of computational neuroscience》1999,6(2):99-120
We offer a model of how human cortex detects changes in the auditory environment. Auditory change detection has recently been the object of intense investigation via the mismatch negativity (MMN). MMN is a preattentive response to sudden changes in stimulation, measured noninvasively in the electroencephalogram (EEG) and the magnetoencephalogram (MEG). It is elicited in the oddball paradigm, where infrequent deviant tones intersperse a series of repetitive standard tones. However, little apart from the participation of tonotopically organized auditory cortex is known about the neural mechanisms underlying change detection and the MMN. In the present study, we investigate how poststimulus inhibition might account for MMN and compare the effects of adaptation with those of lateral inhibition in a model describing tonotopically organized cortex. To test the predictions of our model, we performed MEG and EEG measurements on human subjects and used both small- (<1/3 octave) and large- (>5 octaves) frequency differences between the standard and deviant tones. The experimental results bear out the prediction that MMN is due to both adaptation and lateral inhibition. Finally, we suggest that MMN might serve as a probe of what stimulus features are mapped by human auditory cortex. 相似文献
17.
人脑运动前准备电位起始时间之长令研究者费解。本文比较了受指令食指屈曲运动和自我起始食指屈曲运动的BP。结果显示,BP在受到指令之前已经开始。显然,指令前那一部分BP即BP早期部分与运动无关。本文进一步研究了下意识眨运动,指令眨眼运动和自我起始眨眼运动。发现下意识眨眼运动时,BP起始时无早期成分,明显较另外两种眨眼运动的BP为短,表明BP的早期成分是由于在后两种有意识活动参与的眨眼运动中,心理活动产 相似文献
18.
Attila Trunk Gábor Stefanics Norbert Zentai Zsófia Kovács‐Bálint György Thuróczy István Hernádi 《Bioelectromagnetics》2013,34(1):31-42
Potential effects of a 30 min exposure to third generation (3G) Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) mobile phone‐like electromagnetic fields (EMFs) were investigated on human brain electrical activity in two experiments. In the first experiment, spontaneous electroencephalography (sEEG) was analyzed (n = 17); in the second experiment, auditory event‐related potentials (ERPs) and automatic deviance detection processes reflected by mismatch negativity (MMN) were investigated in a passive oddball paradigm (n = 26). Both sEEG and ERP experiments followed a double‐blind protocol where subjects were exposed to either genuine or sham irradiation in two separate sessions. In both experiments, electroencephalograms (EEG) were recorded at midline electrode sites before and after exposure while subjects were watching a silent documentary. Spectral power of sEEG data was analyzed in the delta, theta, alpha, and beta frequency bands. In the ERP experiment, subjects were presented with a random series of standard (90%) and frequency‐deviant (10%) tones in a passive binaural oddball paradigm. The amplitude and latency of the P50, N100, P200, MMN, and P3a components were analyzed. We found no measurable effects of a 30 min 3G mobile phone irradiation on the EEG spectral power in any frequency band studied. Also, we found no significant effects of EMF irradiation on the amplitude and latency of any of the ERP components. In summary, the present results do not support the notion that a 30 min unilateral 3G EMF exposure interferes with human sEEG activity, auditory evoked potentials or automatic deviance detection indexed by MMN. Bioelectromagnetics 34:31–42, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
19.
In this study, we tested the underlying mechanisms of early emotional prosody perception, especially examined whether change detection in oddball paradigm was caused by emotional category and physical properties. Using implicit oddball paradigms, the current study manipulated the cues for detecting deviant stimuli from standards in three conditions: the simultaneous changes in emotional category and physical properties (EP condition), change in emotional category alone (E condition), and change in physical properties alone (P condition). ERP results revealed that physical property change increased brain responses to deviant stimuli in the EP than in the E condition at early stage 90–160 ms, suggesting that physical property change of emotional sounds can also be detected at the early stage. At the later stage 160–260 ms, the simultaneous and respective changes in emotional category and physical properties were reliably detected, and the sum of the brain responses to the corresponding changes in E and P conditions was equal to the brain responses to the simultaneous changes in EP condition. Source analysis further revealed that stimuli-driven regions (inferior parietal lobule), temporal and frontal cortices were activated at early stage, while only frontal cortices for higher cognitive processing were activated at later stage. These findings suggest that emotional prosody changes in physical properties and emotion category are perceived as domain-general change information in emotional prosody perception. 相似文献
20.
本研究以259名(男女大约各半)正常青少年为被试者,按年龄分成4组(9.8±0.7、12.0±0.7、14.1±0.8、17.1±0.8岁),测试了4种视觉记忆性作业工效。根据信号检测理论,对各组的正确反应(H)、正确否定(CR)、漏报(0M)、虚报(FA)、觉察力(A)及反应时(RT)等工效指标进行分析,并对H、CR、OM、FA4种情况下的脑电进行了累加、滤波、平滑及压缩处理,求出事件相关电位(ERPs)成分(N100、P200、N200、P300)的波幅和潜时。结果表明,在相同作业条件下,随年龄增长记忆工效(H、A)提高;RT缩短;P300潜时缩短。在同一组中,随记忆搜索负荷加大,工效(H、A)明显下降;RT延长;P300潜时延长。将上述各组工效与P300的基础数据综合分析,能有效地评价脑功能,适用于临床及工效学研究。 相似文献