乳腺癌乙酰肝素酶、bFGF、VEGF的表达及其与肿瘤血管生成的关系

目的探讨乳腺癌中乙酰肝素酶、bFGF、VEGF的表达与乳腺癌血管生成的关系和意义。方法应用免疫组化SP法检测95例乳腺癌组织和20例癌旁正常组织中乙酰肝素酶、bFGF、VEGF和CD34的表达,并联合运用RNAi技术沉默乳腺癌细胞系MDA-MB-231乙酰肝素酶的表达,观察bFGF、VEGF的变化情况,分析乙酰肝素酶、bFGF、VEGF表达的意义以及其与乳腺癌血管形成、预后之间的关系。结果免疫组织化学染色证实乙酰肝素酶（64／95）、bFGF（72／95）和VEGF（65／95）主要表达在癌细胞质和（或）细胞膜中,在癌旁正常组织中则呈阴性表达。统计分析结果显示：乙酰肝素酶和bFGF、VEGF的表达具有明显的一致性,乙酰肝素酶阳性表达病例中bFGF、VEGF表达率明显比乙酰肝素酶阴性表达病例高,向人乳腺癌细胞系中转染乙酰肝素酶特异性siRNA,抑制乙酰肝素酶的表达后发现VEGF、bFGF的mRNA表达水平下调。乙酰肝素酶、bFGF、VEGF的表达与乳腺癌患者的肿瘤直径、临床分期、组织学分级、淋巴结转移及5年生存率密切相关,乙酰肝素酶和（bFGF／VEGF）共表达时与微血管密度的相关性比乙酰肝素酶单独表达更显著。结论乙酰肝素酶阳性表达与乳腺癌侵袭转移密切相关,乙酰肝素酶在乳腺癌中过度表达可能通过释放bFGF、VEGF促进肿瘤血管生成。     

獾油促进深Ⅱ度烫伤小鼠创面愈合作用的研究

目的:检测獾油对小鼠深Ⅱ度烫伤创面愈合的促进作用.方法:制备小鼠深Ⅱ度烫伤模型,分为烫伤对照组(A组)、植物油治疗组(B组)和獾油治疗组(C组).创面依次用生理盐水纱布、植物油纱布、獾油纱布覆盖.无菌纱布包扎固定,每日换药一次.于伤后7天、10天、15天按照Nagelschmidt法观察并记录创面愈合面积,计算创面愈合率;取创面组织,制成石蜡切片,观察病理及组织形态学变化.结果:獾油能加速烫伤创面的再上皮化,促进创面的愈合;提高烫伤组织细胞的增殖活性;促进烫伤创面表皮干细胞的增殖分化.结论:獾油对深Ⅱ度烫伤创面愈合有促进作用     

急性毛细支气管炎并心衰患儿血小板活化因子,血小板源生长因子的表达及临床意义

目的:探讨血小板活化因子(PAF)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)及血小板源生长因子(PDGF)水平变化在毛细支气管炎并急性心衰的变化,探讨它们在该病的发病中的作用方法:58例心衰组患儿分别于治疗前和临床症状消失后采用双抗体夹心ABC-ELISA法检测PAF、TNF-α及PDGF血清含量,设正常对照组40例比较。结果:心衰组PAF治疗前为370.57±23.6ng/L,明显高于对照组的56.78±19.6ng/L,组间比较差异具有非常显著性意义(t=15.95,P<0.001);治疗后恢复至49.63±14.5 ng/L,与正常对照差异不明显;治疗前后比较,差异具有非常显著性意义(t=3.70,P<0.001)TNF-α治疗前为457.4±40.5 ng/L,明显高于对照组的148.8±21.6ng/L,组间比较差异具有显著性意义(t=2.135,P<0.05);治疗后恢复至162.6±37.61ng/L,与正常对照差异不明显;治疗前后比较,差异具有非常显著性意义(t=7.25,P<0.01)。PDGF治疗前为596.23±199.43)ng/L,较对照组259.76±69.58ng/L增高,组间比较,差异具有非常显著性意义(t=25.52,P<0.01);治疗后降为272.83±116.96ng/L,较治疗前明显恢复,组间比较差异均具有显著性意义(t=7.66,P<0.01)结论:结果表明,PAF、TNF-α、PDGF作为炎症介质不仅参与心衰的发病过程,还提示细胞外基质的异常在心衰发病学中的重要地位     

bFGF信号传导及其与肿瘤关系的新进展

碱性成纤维细胞生长凶子(bFGF)是FGF家族的重要成员,具有促细胞增殖、分化、迁移、凋亡等多种功能,并与肿瘤病理存在一定相关性。bFGF生物学作用的多效性,来源十其信号传导途径的复杂性。本文简要介绍近年来bFGF信号传导中bFGF亚型、HSPG、FGFR和其他调控蛋白等研究的新进展,并浅析其与肿瘤生长、血管生成、肿瘤抑制及抑制分子机制等方面的关系。     

沙利度胺抑制肿瘤细胞分泌VEGF/bFGF机制的探讨*

目的: 探讨Cereblon(CRBN)对沙利度胺抑制人肺癌A549细胞及人肝癌HepG2细胞分泌VEGF/bFGF的影响。方法: 采用慢病毒介导的短发夹RNA(shRNA)干扰技术建立稳定敲低CRBN的A549细胞系(A549_CRBN)及HepG2细胞系(HepG2_CRBN)并通过实时定量PCR(Real-time PCR)和蛋白质印记(Western blot)实验验证。将A549细胞分为阴性对照组(A549_luciferase)、CRBN低表达组(A549_CRBN);HepG2细胞分为阴性对照组(HepG2_luciferase)、CRBN低表达组(HepG2_CRBN),以上细胞按照 3×10⁵ cells/well接种到6孔板中,放入37℃,5%CO2的培养箱中培养24 h,分别加入1 ml含100 μmol/L沙利度胺(thalidomide组)和1 ml 1‰ DMSO(control组)的培养液,继续培养24 h再行后续实验,每组设计3个复孔。MTS法检测沙利度胺对细胞增殖的影响;Real-time PCR检测VEGF、bFGF、c-jun mRNA表达,ELISA法检测VEGF、bFGF蛋白表达。结果: 与对照组比较,沙利度胺在浓度为1、10、50、100 μmol/L 时对A549 及HepG2细胞的增殖能力无显著影响(P＞0.05)。与A549_CRBN或HepG2_CRBN组比较,A549_luciferase及HepG2_luciferase组分泌的VEGF及bFGF均显著降低(P＜0.05)。与A549_luciferase或HepG2_luciferase细胞的对照组比较,沙利度胺可抑制A549_luciferase和HepG2_luciferase细胞的VEGF和bFGF的表达(P＜0.05),而对A549_CRBN和HepG2_CRBN细胞中VEGF和bFGF的表达无显著抑制作用;与HepG2_luciferase细胞的对照组比较,沙利度胺可抑制HepG2_luciferase细胞的c-Jun表达(P＜0.01),而对HepG2_CRBN细胞的c-Jun表达无显著抑制作用。结论: 沙利度胺对A549和HepG2细胞VEGF和bFGF表达的抑制作用可能是通过CRBN介导的,而c-Jun可能是抑制作用的关键转录因子之一。     

碱性成纤维生长因子（bFGF）对软骨生物学的影响

bFGF的生物学作用极其广泛,特别在促进创伤愈合与组织修复、组织再生起着十分重要的作用,它作为重要的有丝分裂促进因子,可传递发育的信号促进软骨细胞分裂,同时也是软骨细胞形态发生和分化的诱导因子,参与软骨的生长发育和组织损伤修复过程,特别是在软骨细胞的增殖分化起到重要作用,在解决软骨工程中面临的问题以及治疗骨关节炎等研究中具有的参考意义。本文对bFGF对软骨的分化、增殖、凋亡等不同生物学阶段的影响作用做一个综述。     

碱性成纤维生长因子(bFGF)对软骨生物学的影响

bFGF的生物学作用极其广泛,特别在促进创伤愈合与组织修复、组织再生起着十分重要的作用,它作为重要的有丝分裂促进因子,可传递发育的信号促进软骨细胞分裂,同时也是软骨细胞形态发生和分化的诱导因子,参与软骨的生长发育和组织损伤修复过程,特别是在软骨细胞的增殖分化起到重要作用,在解决软骨工程中面临的问题以及治疗骨关节炎等研究中具有的参考意义。本文对bFGF对软骨的分化、增殖、凋亡等不同生物学阶段的影响作用做一个综述。     

碱性成纤维细胞生长因子对培养的瘢痕成纤维细胞FN合成的调控作用

目的探讨碱性成纤维细胞生长因子（bFGF）对成纤维细胞纤维连结蛋白（FN）合成的调控作用。方法采用细胞培养、ELISA法、RT-PCR方法观察bFGF在不同剂量下对瘢痕来源的成纤维细胞FN合成的影响。结果FN的表达在低bFGF浓度组与对照组无明显差异,随着浓度的升高表现为增高趋势,以50、100、500ng／ml最显著,与对照组之间有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。FN mRNA表达在50-100ng／ml组明显升高,与对照组间有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。mRNA表达趋势与上清中蛋白的表达具有一致性。结论高浓度bFGF刺激FN合成可能是bFGF促进创面愈合的重要原因。     

AngⅡ对血管平滑肌细胞PDGF受体表达的影响

目的:研究血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)对血管平滑肌细胞血小板源生长因子(PDGF)受体表达的影响.方法:采用大鼠主动脉球囊内皮剥脱术制备主动脉再狭窄模型,观察形态学变化;放免法测定主动脉AngⅡ含量;免疫印迹法测定主动脉PDGF-β受体含量,并与假手术组相比较.培养大鼠主动脉血管平滑肌细胞(VSMC),AngⅡ刺激正常培养的与洛沙坦预处理过的VSMC 6 h,测定PDGF-β受体含量.结果:球囊内皮剥脱术后14 d,主动脉中层VSMC大量增殖,内膜显著增厚,AngⅡ含量显著升高(P＜0.05),PDGF-β受体表达显著增强(P＜0.05).AngⅡ诱导VSMC PDGF-β受体表达显著增强(P＜0.01),AngⅡ受体拮抗剂洛沙坦完全抑制AngⅡ对PDGF-β受体上调的诱导作用.结论:AngⅡ可通过其Ⅰ型受体诱导血管平滑肌细胞PDGF受体上调,这可能是AngⅡ促VSMC发生增殖的一个重要机制.     

重组人碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)融合蛋白的高效表达及鉴定

碱性成纤维细胞生长因子（ｂＦＧＦ）参与了许多细胞生长和分化的调控过程。本文采用重组ＤＮＡ技术在大肠杆菌中高效表达了人ｂＦＧＦ。首先将编码人ｂＦＧＦ基因克隆到ｐＸＴ表达载体中与其上游的一短Ｓ导肽共一阅读框架,ｂＦＧＦ基因的表达受强的Ｔ７启动子调控。采用ＢＬ２１（ＤＥ３）大肠杆菌作为宿主菌,用ＩＰＴＧ诱导ＢＬ２１（ＤＥ３）细菌合成的Ｔ７ＲＮＡ聚合酶,后者可催化高水平的ｂＦＧＦ基因表达,其ｂＦＧＦ产量可占总菌体蛋白的４２.５％。采用肝素Ｓｅｐｈａｒｏｓｅ一步亲和层析法直接从诱导后的细菌裂解产物中得到纯化的重组人ｂＦＧＦ蛋白。经Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ印迹分析证明该蛋白可被人ｂＦＧＦ特异性单克隆抗体所识别。进一步研究证明该蛋白具有刺激ＮＲ６Ｒ－３Ｔ３成纤维细胞增殖的生物学活性,并且这一活性可被人ｂＦＧＦ特异性中和抗体所中和。     

仙人掌提取物对浅Ⅱ度烫伤小鼠VEGF及FGF-2表达的影响

为探讨野生仙人掌和食用仙人掌提取物对浅Ⅱ度烫伤小鼠内源性血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)及碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(FGF-2)表达的影响,建立小鼠浅Ⅱ度烫伤模型。野生、食用仙人掌提取物组(浓度均为12.5 mg/mL),药物组(京万红),烫伤组(生理盐水),每天2次涂药并观察创面,分别在3 d和7 d各组取5只小鼠处死,取烫伤组织提取蛋白并检测VEGF、FGF-2的表达状况。仙人掌组中VEGF及FGF-2的表达量均高于烫伤组,且两种仙人掌组VEGF及FGF-2的表达量有差异。即仙人掌提取物能提高VEGF及FGF-2的表达量并能促进创面的修复。     

三七皂苷R1对大鼠缺血心肌VEGF、bFGF的影响

目的:探讨三七皂苷R1对大鼠缺血心肌VEGF、bFGF的影响。方法:选择雄性Wistar大鼠39只,建立心肌梗死(AMI)模型,术后24h存活大鼠随机分为药物组(n=13)、对照组(n=13),另设假手术组(n=8)。药物组给予三七皂苷R1水溶液(2.5 mg·kg-1·d-1)腹腔注射、对照组及假手术组给予等体积生理盐水腹腔注射,用药4周。于实验终点处死大鼠,心肌组织取材,Ⅷ因子染色计数微血管数(MVC)及微血管密度(MVD),免疫组织化学法观察缺血心肌VEGF、bFGF蛋白的表达。结果:药物组及对照组MVC、MVD均高于假手术组,且药物组高于对照组(P0.05);大鼠缺血心肌药物组及对照组VEGF、bFGF蛋白表达均高于假手术组(P0.05),且药物组高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:三七皂苷R1促进大鼠缺血心肌血管再生同时可上调缺血心肌VEGF、bFGF蛋白水平。     

Interactions of cultured endothelial cells with TGF-beta, bFGF, PDGF and IGF-I

Endothelial cells in culture synthesize the growth factors transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) and, perhaps, insulin like growth factor I (IGF-I). We have previously demonstrated that IGF-I and PDGF have both high affinity receptors and stimulate glucose and AIB uptake in the microvessel cells under study and that IGF-I, but not PDGF, has similar high affinity receptors in cultured large vessel endothelial cells. In the present study, cultured bovine endothelial cells were exposed to these four growth factors to determine a) their effects on the acute metabolic processes of neutral amino acid (AIB) and glucose uptake and b) their interactions at the endothelial cell surface. In microvessel endothelial cells, each growth factor stimulated AIB and glucose uptake 2-4 fold whereas in large vessel endothelial cells only bFGF stimulated glucose uptake. Each growth factor had specific high affinity binding to the microvessel cells that was not influenced by the presence of the other growth factors. In large vessel endothelial cells, similar high affinity binding was present only for IGF-I and to a lesser degree TGF-beta. When cells were exposed to a given growth factor for 18 hours, homologous receptor downregulation was observed, with a maximal 60-95% decrease in surface binding. These findings suggest several potential levels of interaction of the growth factors TGF-beta, bFGF, PDGF and IGF-I in cultured vascular endothelial cells.     

Influence of Eearly Necrectomy in Pregnant Rats with Deep Thermal Skin Burns on Maternal Oxygen-Dependent Processes and Further Course of Pregnancy

Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology - Active surgical management underlies modern approachs to the treatment of severely burned patients, however, the consequences of early...     

Bioavailability Study of Berberine and the Enhancing Effects of TPGS on Intestinal Absorption in Rats

Berberine chloride (BBR) is a natural isoquinoline alkaloid extracted from medicinal herbs. It has been reported that the intestinal absorption of BBR is very low. In this study, the absolute bioavailability of BBR was studied, and the enhancing effects of d-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS) on intestinal absorption were investigated in rats. BBR injection was administrated via the femoral vein at a dose of 1.0 mg kg⁻¹ in intravenous group, and BBR oral formulations were administrated by oral gavage at a dose of 100 mg kg⁻¹ in BBR control (control) group and BBR-TPGS (test) group, respectively. The result showed that BBR had a very low absolute bioavailability of 0.68%, and TPGS could enhance intestinal absorption of BBR significantly. TPGS at a concentration of 2.5% could improve peak concentration (C _max) and area under the curve (AUC_0–36) of BBR by 2.9 and 1.9 times, respectively. The absorption enhancing ability of TPGS may be due to its ability to affect the biological activity of P-glycoprotein and thereby reduce the excretion of absorbed BBR into the intestinal lumen. This study indicated that absolute bioavailability of BBR was 0.68% in rats, and TPGS was a good absorption enhancer capable of enhancing intestinal absorption of BBR significantly.     

Molecular Modeling Studies on Binding of bFGF to Heparin and its Receptor FGFR1

Abstract

Sugar induced protein-protein interactions play an important role in several biological processes. The carbohydrate moieties of proteoglycans, the glycosaminoglycans, bind to growth factors with a high degree of specificity and induce interactions with growth factor receptors, thereby regulate the growth factor activity. We have used molecular modeling method to study the modes of binding of heparin or heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) to bFGF that leads to the dimerization of FGF receptor 1 (FGFR1) and activation of receptor tyrosine kinase. Homology model of FGFR1 Ig D(II)-D(III) domains was built to investigate the interactions between heparin, bFGF and FGFR1. The structural requirements to bridge the two monomeric bFGF molecules by heparin or HSPGs and to simulate the dimerization and activation of FGFR1 have been examined. A structural model of the biologically functional dimeric bFGF-heparin complex is proposed based on: (a) the stability of dimeric complex, (b) the favorable binding energies between heparin and bFGF molecules, and (c) its accessibility to FGFR1. The modeled complex between heparin, bFGF and FGFR1 has a stoichiometry of 1 heparin: 2 bFGF: 2 FGFR1. The structural properties of the proposed model of bFGF/heparin/FGFR1 complex are consistent with the binding mechanism of FGF to its receptor, the receptor dimerization, and the reported site-specific mutagenesis and biochemical cross-linking data. In the proposed model heparin bridges the two bFGF monomers in a specific orientation and the resulting complex induces FGF receptor dimerization, suggesting that in the oligosaccharide induced recognition process sugars orient the molecules in a way that brings about specific protein-protein or protein-carbohydrate interactions.     

过表达bFGF促进大鼠急性缺血心肌的毛细血管生成

研究过表达人碱性成纤维细胞生长因子（basic fibroblast growth factor, bFGF）在大鼠急性心肌缺血模型中的表达及其对心肌血管 再生的影响. 将含人bFGF质粒pcDNA/b转染人脐带静脉内皮细胞（HUVEC） ,进行MTT检测. pcDNA/b转染人肾细胞293细胞系,进行G418稳定筛选, Western 印迹检测.建立大鼠急性心肌梗死模型,分别将生理盐水、空质粒 pcDNA3.1(+)和pcDNA/b分3点注射于梗死交界处心肌内4周后取材,做常规 HE 染色和Masson 染色,测量各组微血管数量和梗死面积. 经免疫组织化 学染色鉴定和电镜观察,过表达外源bFGF可以促进HUVEC（细胞）生长; pcDNA/b能在293细胞中高效表达外源bFGF基因. pcDNA/b注射组梗死交界处 可见大量新生血管,毛细血管总数明显大于对照组,梗死面积明显小于对 照组. pcDNA/b组在梗死交界区有bFGF阳性表达.电镜观察显示,在梗死交界 处心肌细胞间有毛细血管增生,分化成2个血管腔.本实验证明,过表达bFGF 具有促进大鼠急性缺血心肌的毛细血管生成的作用,为bFGF基因治疗缺血 性心肌病的研究提供实验基础.     

抗菌肽与碱性成纤维细胞生长因子基因的融合及其在酵母中的表达

从重组质粒ｒＢＳ上切下柞蚕抗菌肽Ｄ基因片段,切去终止密码后连接到重组穿梭质粒ｐＶＴ－ＧＦ上碱性成纤维细胞生长因子ｃＤＮＡ的５′端,使密码框正确排列,构建成融合基因重组质粒ｐＶＴ－ＣＤＧＦ,转化到酵母中进行表达。转化子酵母蛋白粗提物用Ｅ．ｃｏｌｉＫ１２Ｄ３１作指示菌进行抑菌圈测试,初步检出具有抑菌活性,用ＥＬＩＳＡ检测证明其具有碱性成纤维细胞生长因子的抗原性。     

Heparin amplifies platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)- BB-induced PDGF alpha -receptor but not PDGF beta -receptor tyrosine phosphorylation in heparan sulfate-deficient cells. Effects on signal transduction and biological responses

Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) induces mitogenic and migratory responses in a wide variety of cells, by activating specific receptor tyrosine kinases denoted the PDGF alpha- and beta-receptors. Different PDGF isoforms bind in a distinct manner to glycosaminoglycans, particularly heparan sulfate. In the present study, we show potentiation by exogenous heparin of PDGF-BB-induced PDGF alpha-receptor tyrosine phosphorylation in heparan sulfate-deficient Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) 677 cells. This effect was not seen for PDGF-AA treatment, and heparin lacked a potentiating effect on PDGF-BB stimulation of the PDGF beta-receptor. Heparin did not affect the affinity of PDGF-BB binding for the PDGF receptors on CHO 677 cells. The PDGF-BB-stimulated PDGF alpha-receptor phosphorylation was enhanced in a dose-dependent fashion by heparin at low concentration. The effect was modulated by 2-O- and 6-O-desulfation of the polysaccharide. Maximal induction of PDGF alpha-receptor tyrosine phosphorylation (6-fold) in CHO 677 cells was achieved by treatment with a heparin decasaccharide, but shorter oligosaccharides consisting of four or more monosaccharide units were also able to augment PDGF alpha-receptor phosphorylation, albeit at higher concentrations. Heparin potentiated PDGF-BB-induced activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase and protein kinase B (Akt) and allowed increased chemotaxis of the CHO 677 cells toward PDGF-BB. In conclusion, heparin modulates PDGF-BB-induced PDGF alpha-receptor phosphorylation and downstream signaling, with consequences for cellular responsiveness to the growth factor.     

bFGF对血管性痴呆大鼠海马神经干细胞的影响

目的皮下注射bFGF于血管性痴呆大鼠,研究用药前后对大鼠海马神经干细胞增殖能力的影响。方法制作VD大鼠模型,随机取用VD大鼠模型12只,分治疗组6只,痴呆组6只。另外,取假手术组6只。皮下注射bFGF于治疗组中血管性痴呆大鼠。治疗5周后,以Morris水迷宫定位航行试验和空间探索试验来检测大鼠的学习记忆能力,巢蛋白（nestin）免疫组织化学染色,观察海马nestin阳性细胞数的变化。结果治疗组大鼠海马nestin阳性细胞数较痴呆组明显增多。结论皮下注射bFGF后能迁移至海马,诱导海马产生nestin阳性细胞,刺激大鼠海马神经干细胞增殖,修复受损组织。