水环境中药物和个人护理品(PPCPs)的污染现状及对藻类的毒性研究进展

药物和个人护理品(PPCPs)因持续排放到水环境且对水生态环境和人类健康造成潜在威胁而受到广泛关注.藻类作为水体重要的初级生产者,对水体的生态平衡和稳定起着重要的作用.本文围绕地表水PPCPs污染,介绍了不同国家和地区地表水体中PPCPs的浓度分布和污染特征,并从毒性效应、生物累积及潜在的生态风险等方面,综述了PPCPs对藻类的污染生态学研究进展,阐述PPCPs对藻类的毒性效应及机制,PPCPs在藻类中的生物累积,以及地表水体PPCPs的生态风险,为地表水体PPCPs的相关标准制定和修订,以及水体生态环境健康风险评价提供参考.     

四环素在土壤和水环境中的分布及其生态毒性与降解

四环素是新兴污染物PPCPs中的一种,因其在畜禽及水产养殖中的大量使用在环境中造成一定的残留,成为一个较突出的环境风险问题。概述了环境中四环素的来源,对微生物、动物及植物的生态毒性,在土壤及水体中的残留及降解等环境行为。认为,环境中四环素的含量既使在很高的情况下,其对动物和植物的直接毒害作用也是有限的,四环素在环境中长期残留产生的抗性基因问题,可能是一个重要的研究方向。     

三氯生的环境残留、降解代谢及其潜在生态风险

三氯生因具有良好的广谱抗菌性能而被广泛应用于各类洗护日化用品中.随着这些日用品被人类不断消耗,三氯生也会通过多种途径进入环境并引发一系列环境问题.环境中残留的三氯生及其代谢产物具有持久性、生物累积性和生态毒性,进而给生态系统带来一定的潜在风险,甚至会对人类健康产生不良影响.基于此,本文总结和分析了三氯生在环境介质中的残留特征及其可能发生的降解代谢过程和产物,并系统地介绍了三氯生及其代谢产物的生物有效性及其对生物体繁殖、遗传和基因等方面的毒性效应,综合分析了三氯生对生态系统和人类健康可能存在的风险,并对有关三氯生后续的研究工作提出了建议和展望.     

氟喹诺酮类抗生素及耐药基因污染控制的研究进展北大核心CSCD

氟喹诺酮类抗生素属于喹诺酮类抗生素,是一类人畜通用的抗生素。近年来,被广泛应用于人类和畜牧、水产等养殖业领域,然而其大量使用,造成在环境中的不断残留和累积,给自然环境和人类健康造成了较大威胁。现有研究表明,微生物降解是有效去除氟喹诺酮类抗生素残留污染的有效方法之一。本文总结和介绍了近年来氟喹诺酮类抗生素微生物降解单株菌和混合菌群、微生物降解酶、降解途径以及微生物降解氟喹诺酮类抗生素的实际应用,并对目前氟喹诺酮类抗生素微生物降解研究中存在的问题进行了分析,以及对未来氟喹诺酮类抗生素微生物降解研究的重点进行了探讨,以期为后续的研究提供参考。     

人工碳纳米材料在环境中的降解与转化研究进展

随着人工碳纳米材料的大量生产和使用,其潜在的生态风险已引起学术界的广泛关注.碳纳米材料在环境中的转化和降解直接影响它们在环境中的归趋及生态毒性,对该过程的研究是确定其环境可容纳量及进行生命周期评价的重要环节.本文概述了主要人工碳纳米材料(碳纳米管、富勒烯)在环境中的化学转化、微生物降解及光降解过程,总结了影响人工碳纳米材料降解的环境与结构因素及降解的机理,指出了现有研究的不足和未来研究的方向.     

浅谈几种微生物价值开发再利用

微生物从发现、发展到现在已经有多年历史,其利用价值的开发也不断的被广大科研人员所研究,从最初的单一发酵食品到现在广泛应用于食品、医药卫生、植物疾病防治、畜禽养殖废弃物处理等均表现出微生物在人类、动植物乃至所有生物及非生物方面均有不可比喻的利用价值.本研究以霉菌和酵母菌两个菌属的不同菌种为例对其作用、发展前景及相关内容进行阐述,并对微生物系列中的微生态制剂进行探讨,表明微生物是一种潜在的可利用资源,其在未来的世界发展中占有重要位置.     

环境抗生素污染的微生物修复进展

近年来随着抗生素在畜牧业、水产养殖业以及医疗行业的广泛应用,大量抗生素通过排泄物进入环境,导致我国大面积水体及土壤环境中抗生素残留量急剧增高。环境中不同种类的抗生素的残留导致微生物种群结构失衡,对生态环境及人类造成极大危害。因此,解决抗生素残留问题是21世纪新型环境污染物领域的一个重要课题。已有研究显示,一些微生物能够以抗生素为碳源生存,可用于降解环境中残留抗生素,但人们对微生物降解抗生素的降解机制了解较少。文中概括了近十年来抗生素降解菌株和菌群对抗生素的去除情况,以及应用微生物菌群处理抗生素残留的技术方法,同时对未来利用微生物修复法减少环境中抗生素残留进行了展望。     

新型环境污染物抗生素的分子生态毒理研究进展

人们在农业畜牧业和治疗人类疾病的过程中大量使用抗生素,由于抗生素自身独特的代谢特点,导致了抗生素在包括水体和土壤等环境介质中的残留,并因此导致对不同生物及生态系统产生广泛而深远的影响。本文概述了目前抗生素分子生态毒理学方面的研究进展,并阐述了抗生素对生物及生态系统的各分子水平的毒性机理及分子标记物研究情况,对于一些较新的分子诊断方法也进行了总结。最后,分析了抗生素分子生态毒理研究存在的不足,并探讨了今后的研究重点。     

微生物学一直是生命科学中领先的学科

微生物学学科的研究对象决定了它有如下两方面的显著特点:微生物作为最简单的生命体而成为生命科学研究不可替代的基本材料,由此也奠定了微生物学在生命科学中的基础地位;微生物极其丰富的生物多样性决定了它们具有代谢产物多样性,同时又与人类、动植物和环境有着密切的相互作用,使得微生物学也成为应用领域里十分活跃的一门学科。     

微生物学一直是生命科学中领先的学科北大核心CSCD

微生物学学科的研究对象决定了它有如下两方面的显著特点：微生物作为最简单的生命体而成为生命科学研究不可替代的基本材料,由此也奠定了微生物学在生命科学中的基础地位;微生物极其丰富的生物多样性决定了它们具有代谢产物多样性,同时又与人类、动植物和环境有着密切的相互作用,使得微生物学也成为应用领域里十分活跃的一门学科。     

Exercise, dobutamine, and combined atropine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine compared

We compared the cardiovascular effects evoked in conscious dogs by 1) submaximal exercise; 2) infusion of dobutamine (40 micrograms X kg-1 X min-1); and 3) infusion of a combination of atropine (0.15 mg/kg), norepinephrine (0.19 micrograms X kg-1 X min-1), and epinephrine (0.05 micrograms X kg-1 X min-1). Myocardial O2 demand, as estimated by the double product (heart rate X systolic blood pressure), was similar during all three interventions. Cardiac output and heart rate increased significantly (P less than 0.05) during each of the three interventions. Arteriovenous O2 difference and total body O2 consumption, however, increased only during submaximal exercise. Although myocardial blood flow increased similarly during each of the three interventions, blood flow to skeletal muscle and the tongue increased only during exercise. Exercise and the combined infusion of atropine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine produced similar increases in blood flow to the diaphragm and similar decreases in blood flow to the stomach. These changes in blood flow were associated with appropriate changes in vascular resistance. Additionally, blood flow to the brain, kidney, adrenal glands, liver, and intestine did not change during any of the three interventions. Thus, in dogs, submaximal exercise, infusion of dobutamine, and infusion of a combination of atropine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine to evoke a given level of estimated myocardial O2 consumption produce similar increases in cardiac output, heart rate, and myocardial blood flow. In contrast, the changes in total body O2 consumption, arteriovenous O2 difference, regional blood flow, and regional vascular resistance that occur during each of these three interventions are different.     

Definitions,measurements, and classifications of stimuli,situations, and environments

A review is presented of issues relevant to the definition, measurement, and classification of stimuli, situations, and environments. Problems such as the lack of adequate definitions of concepts, error and bias in measurement procedures, confusion between measurement of a concept and measurement of its behavioral effects, and the lack of agreement among alternative measures are emphasized. It is suggested that concepts be defined in terms of objective characteristics while allowing for the study of the transactional relationship between organism and environment. The work of the ethologists in defining stimuli while studying their relationship to different organismic states and situational contexts is emphasized in this regard. Following Brunswik, it is also suggested that wherever possible there be a representative sampling of variables in natural settings. Note from the editors: From time to time, Human Ecology will publish a review article. Our first in this series is a review by a psychologist of basic definitional and conceptual problems in environmental studies.This paper was prepared while the author was a Visiting Research Fellow at the Educational Testing Service. The support of ETS and my colleagues in the Division of Psychological Studies is gratefully acknowledged. The review was also supported in part by a grant from the Rutgers University Research Council.     

Indians, Markets, and Rainforests: Theory, Methods, and Analysis

Indians, Markets, and Rainforests: Theory, Methods, and Analysis. Ricardo A. Godoy. New York: Columbia University Press, 2001. 274 pp.     

Synthesis,tautomerism, and antimicrobial,anti-HCV,anti-SSPE,antioxidant, and antitumor activities of arylazobenzosuberones

2-Dimethylaminomethylene-1-benzosuberone 1 was coupled with diazotized aniline derivatives to afford a series of the hitherto unreported 2-arylazo-1-benzosuberones 3a–i. The tautomeric structure and the effect of substituents on the tautomeric form (s) of the products 3a–i were discussed. Similar coupling of the enaminone 1 with diazonium salts of heterocyclic amines gave the respective fused azolotriazino-benzosuberones. Some of the newly synthesized compounds showed potent antimicrobial, anti-HCV, antioxidant, antitumor (as topoisomerase I inhibitors), and antimicrobial activities.     

Lipid,lipoprotein, and apolipoprotein models: past,present, and future

Mones Berman's untimely death on 12 August 1982 put an end to his work in the development of theoretical biology. Arguments are examined, and it is concluded that a formal theory of lipoprotein metabolism flourished and expanded under the guidance of Dr. Berman. Not many scientists in the field of biology spend a major portion of their energies on theoretical work xxx was outstanding because of his early decision to follow the theoretical path.     

Pericytes: developmental, physiological, and pathological perspectives, problems, and promises

Pericytes, the mural cells of blood microvessels, have recently come into focus as regulators of vascular morphogenesis and function during development, cardiovascular homeostasis, and disease. Pericytes are implicated in the development of diabetic retinopathy and tissue fibrosis, and they are potential stromal targets for cancer therapy. Some pericytes are probably mesenchymal stem or progenitor cells, which give rise to adipocytes, cartilage, bone, and muscle. However, there is still confusion about the identity, ontogeny, and progeny of pericytes. Here, we review the history of these investigations, indicate emerging concepts, and point out problems and promise in the field of pericyte biology.