Development of a molecular marker specific to a novel CMS line in radish (Raphanus sativus L.)

In this study, we have investigated the cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) of a novel male sterile radish line, designated NWB CMS. The NWB CMS was crossed with 16 fertile breeding lines, and all the progenies were completely male sterile. The degree of male sterility exhibited by NWB CMS is more than Ogura CMS from the Cruciferae family. The NWB CMS was found to induce 100% male sterility when crossed with all the tested breeding lines, whereas the Ogura CMS did not induce male sterility with any of the breeding lines. PCR analysis revealed that the molecular factor that influenced Ogura CMS, the orf138 gene, was absent in the NWB CMS line, and that the orf138 gene was not also expressed in this CMS line. In order to identify the cytoplasmic factors that confer male sterility in the NWB CMS line, we carried out RFLP analyses with 32 mitochondrial genes, all of which were used as probes. Fourteen genes exhibited polymorphisms between the NWB CMS line and other radish cultivars. Based on these RFLP data, intergenic primers were developed in order to amplify the intergenic regions between the polymorphic genes. Among these, a primer pair at the 3′ region of the atp6 gene (5′-cgcttggactatgctatgtatga-3′) and the 5′ region of the nad3 gene (5′-tcatagagaaatccaatcgtcaa-3′) produced a 2 kbp DNA fragment as a result of PCR. This DNA fragment was found to be specific to NWB CMS and was not present in other CMS types. It appears that this fragment could be used as a DNA marker to select NWB CMS line in a radish-breeding program.     

青花菜细胞质雄性不育相关LncRNAs的鉴定与表达分析

细胞质雄性不育系的应用可有效提高杂交种质量。该研究利用illumina测序技术鉴定青花菜细胞质雄性不育相关LncRNAs,对其靶基因和表达特征进行分析,并随机选取16个LncRNAs用qRT-PCR技术检测其表达特征,为进一步阐明LncRNA参与青花菜雄性不育发生机制提供新的路径。结果表明：(1)鉴定获得青花菜雄性不育相关LncRNAs共4 326个,其中37个LncRNA在不育系及其保持系中差异表达。(2)差异LncRNAs可预测得到370个cis靶基因,这些靶基因部分为雄性不育相关的转录因子和生物蛋白。(3)XLOC＿006651、XLOC＿016660、XLOC＿003494和XLOC＿013121在不育系和保持系花蕾发育早期表达量较高,之后随着花蕾的发育,表达量逐渐下降;XLOC＿021769和XLOC＿038964呈先降后升的表达模式,且XLOC＿038964和XLOC＿012613在花蕾不同发育阶段不育系的表达量均高于保持系。(4)16个LncRNA均可在花梗、花萼、花瓣、雄蕊及雌蕊中表达,且XLOC＿038964、XLOC＿011575、XLOC＿013157、XLOC＿...     

Transcriptomic analysis of differentially expressed genes in flower-buds of genetic male sterile and wild type cucumber by RNA sequencing

Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) pollen development involves a diverse range of gene interactions between sporophytic and gametophytic tissues. Previous studies in our laboratory showed that male sterility was controlled by a single recessive nuclear gene, and occurred in pollen mother cell meiophase. To fully explore the global gene expression and identify genes related to male sterility, a RNA-seq analysis was adopted in this study. Young male flower-buds (1–2 mm in length) from genetic male sterility (GMS) mutant and homozygous fertile cucumber (WT) were collected for two sequencing libraries. Total 545 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 142 up-regulated DEGs and 403 down-regulated DEGs, were detected in two libraries (Fold Change ≥ 2, FDR < 0.01). These genes were involved in a variety of metabolic pathways, like ethylene-activated signaling pathway, sporopollenin biosynthetic pathway, cell cycle and DNA damage repair pathway. qRT-PCR analysis was performed and showed that the correlation between RNA-Seq and qRT-PCR was 0.876. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the mechanism that leads to GMS in cucumber.     

Differential proteomic studies of the genic male-sterile line and fertile line anthers of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

Pollen development is disturbed in the microspore development stage of the double-recessive nuclear male-sterile line ms5ms6 (Gossypium hirsutum L.). This study aimed to identify differentially expressed anther proteins and their potential roles in pollen development and male sterility. We compared the proteomes of sterile and fertile anthers of the double recessive nuclear male-sterile line ms5ms6. Approximately 1,390 protein spots were detected by two-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis. Proteins with altered accumulation levels in sterile anthers compared with fertile anthers were identified by mass spectrometry and the NCBInr and Viridiplantae EST databases. Down-regulated proteins in the sterile anthers included cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase 1 and glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase (glutamine-tRNA ligase). Several carbohydrate metabolism- and photosynthesis-related enzymes were also present at lower levels in the mutant anthers. By contrast, ATP-dependent RNA helicase eIF4A-13, NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1, enolase, gibberellin 20-oxidase, gibberellin 3-hydroxylase 1, alcohol dehydrogenase 2d, 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase, and trehalose 6-phosphate synthase were expressed at higher levels in sterile anthers than in fertile anthers. The regulation of upland cotton pollen development involves a complex network of differentially expressed genes. This study provides the foundation for future investigations of gene function in upland cotton pollen development and male sterility.     

基于转录组的八角挥发油合成相关基因挖掘与分析

为更好地挖掘八角(Illicium verum)挥发油合成相关基因，该文对挥发油性状差异显著的优良无性系桂角69号及普通品种砧01号叶片进行了转录组测序及组装注释，并对差异表达基因进行了GO分类和KEGG通路分析。结果表明：(1)转录本经组装后获得84 182条序列，使用NR、NT、Swiss-Prot、KEGG、KOG、GO和Pfam数据库进行序列比对，共注释了59 161条序列，筛选出30 572个差异表达基因。与砧01号相比，桂角69号叶片中上调基因有15 025个，下调基因有15 547个。(2)GO分类结果显示共有20 287个差异基因被注释。KEGG分析结果表明，有21 600个差异基因被注释到133条KEGG通路上，其中挥发油合成相关的单萜生物合成通路、萜类骨架生物合成通路、苯丙素合成通路中的芳樟醇合酶、月桂烯合酶、香叶基香叶基焦磷酸合酶、肉桂酰辅酶A还原酶、咖啡酸3-O-甲基转移酶、肉桂醇脱氢酶等关键酶基因呈差异表达。(3)转录因子分析发现差异表达基因分布于31个转录因子家族，其中MYB家族序列数量最多。该文利用转录组测序技术分析八角优良无性系与普通品种叶片的差异基因及...     

高通量转录组测序技术在植物雄性不育研究中的应用

植物雄性不育是指植物雄蕊发育受阻不能产生正常有功能花粉的现象。植物雄性不育不仅是生殖生理研究的宝贵材料,也是植物杂种优势利用的重要工具。由于高通量转录组测序技术几乎可以检测细胞内所有mRNA及非编码RNA的信息,已被广泛应用于生命科学研究的各项领域。在植物雄性不育相关研究中,高通量转录组测序技术在不同物种、不同败育类型中的应用已有报道,这为研究者在转录组水平综合了解植物雄性不育的分子机制及代谢网络提供了帮助。本文从测序文库构建策略、差异表达基因、非编码RNA的功能特征等方面综述了高通量转录组测序在植物雄性不育机理方面的研究进展,并探讨了转录组测序技术在花粉败育机制解析及育性相关基因定位中的应用价值,以期为植物雄性不育的相关研究提供参考。