多种缺损及突变的PrP蛋白在杆状病毒中的表达和纯化

PrP蛋白多肽序列上存在有不同的功区域,影响着蛋白质构象、理化特性和生物学功能。为了获得不同缺损及突变的仓鼠PrP蛋白,以PCR方法获得不同大小的PrP基因片段,利用PCR大引物点诱变法获得带有突变糖基化位点PrP序列。所有PCR产物测序鉴定正确后,分别与pFASTBAC Hb质粒连接,与穿梭载体DH10BAC转座,构建各种重组病毒。Western blot证实,8种不同长度的仓鼠PrP蛋白可在昆虫细胞Sf9中表达,包括全序列的PrP1-231,信号肽缺失的PrP23-231;N端缺损的PrP90-231和PrP120-231;C端缺损的PrP1-199、PrP1-174和PrP1-160。糖基化位点突变：PrP23-231(N181Q).其中不带信号肽序列的PrP蛋白均呈HIS融合蛋白,而N端带有信号肽的PrP蛋白则不能与Ni-NTA琼脂糖亲和层析柱结合,但可以用PrP特异性抗体发生免疫沉淀反应。这提示PrP信号肽序列在昆虫细胞中可能也发挥着与哺乳动物细胞相似的作用。不同缺损及突变的PrP蛋白的表达和纯化为进行蛋白生物学性状研究奠定了基础。     

一种新的PrP无细胞构象转化系统的建立

PrP细胞外构象转化系统已经被一些实验室用于朊病毒的研究,但在反应体系中往往需要使用放射性同位素。为了建立一种安全方便的PrP无细胞构象转化系统用于TSE发病机制的研究,通过PCR方法获得仓鼠PrP(HaPrP)全长基因,克隆至原核表达载体pQE30,在大肠杆菌中表达并纯化出分子量为27kD HaPrP蛋白,Western blot证实可与PrP特异性单克隆抗体反应。将纯化蛋白在体外标记生物素(Biotin-7-NHs),与纯化的scrapie 263K毒株仓鼠感染脑组织PrP^Se蛋白共同孵育4天后,经蛋白酶K消化,Western blot检测,证明存在一条抵抗蛋白酶K消化的、被亲和素特异性识别的条带,其分子量约为20kD。这表明HaPrP^sen可以被转化为HaPrP^res。实验表明,可以利用原核系统取代真核系统表达PrP,并用生物素标记取代^35S标记纯化蛋白,建立一个更加安全方便的无细胞构象转化系统,用于朊病毒的研究。     

朊病毒的分子遗传学研究

院病毒（prion）是一种能引起哺乳动物中枢神经系统退行性疾病,即一般称为传染性海绵状脑病（BE）的病原因子。这些疾病包括人类克雅氏病忙reutrfeltJocob）、致死性家族失眠症、羊瘙痒症和疯牛病等[1]．1982年美国科学家Prusiner从感染了瘙痒症的叙利亚老鼠脑中分离出具有传染性的蛋白因子,并首先提出朊病毒这一名词,以与病毒、类病毒相区别。朊病毒最显著的特征是不含核酸。现已知道朊病毒（prionprotein,PrP是由宿主染色体基因PrP编码的一种正常细胞蛋白,在非患病个体中以低水平存在。这种蛋白在细胞内质网上合成、高尔基小体中…     

羊口疮024基因的表达、多抗制备及亚细胞定位

目的克隆表达羊口疮病毒(Orf virus,ORFV)024基因,制备多克隆抗体,检测其免疫原性,并对其进行亚细胞定位分析。方法根据GenBank中羊口疮病毒024基因序列设计引物,进行PCR扩增。将其亚克隆至表达载体,构建原核重组质粒pGEX-6P-1-024以及真核重组质粒pEGFP-N1-024。将原核重组质粒转化Rosetta (DE3)细胞,IPTG诱导表达,SDS-PAGE鉴定024蛋白的表达情况。纯化后的024蛋白免疫BALB/c雌鼠,获得血清并制备多克隆抗体,进行Western-blot分析。将构建的真核质粒转染MDBK细胞,24h后通过免疫荧光观察其在细胞中的表达及亚细胞定位。结果 SDS-PAGE结果表明,羊口疮病毒024基因在Rosetta (DE3)细胞中正确表达,大小为59kDa。Western-blot结果表明024蛋白能与制备的多抗发生特异性反应,具有良好的反应原性。荧光显微镜下结果表明024蛋白转染MDBK细胞后主要在细胞质中表达。结论本实验为后续深入研究ORFV 024基因功能和致病机制奠定了基础。     

PrP及其缺失突变体与微管蛋白的体外相互作用的初步研究

为了进一步确定PrP蛋白与微管蛋白是否发生分子间相互作用以及PrP蛋白多肽链中与微管蛋白相互作用的区域,我们表达纯化了全长的PrP以及PrP蛋白缺失突变体,提取了兔脑组织中天然微管蛋白。利用pull-down及免疫共沉淀方法检测全长PrP及PrP蛋白缺失突变体与微管蛋白是否发生分子间相互作用。结果显示,全长His-PrP23-231能与微管蛋白发生体外相互作用,并首次证实了PrP与微管蛋白相互作用的区域位于PrP N端第23位至91位氨基酸。此研究为进一步研究PrP在神经细胞的主动转运机制以及Prion疾病的发病机制提供了一定的理论基础。     

羊口疮病毒蛋白ORFV035的表达、纯化和多克隆抗体的制备

克隆表达羊口疮病毒蛋白ORFV035,并制备其多克隆抗体,为后续对病毒复制、装配、形态发生和成熟过程的研究奠定基础。PCR扩增羊口疮病毒ORFV035基因,将其与质粒pET-30a(+)经Bam HⅠ和HindⅢ双酶切后连接,构建重组质粒pET30a-035。重组质粒经双酶切和测序鉴定,转化感受态大肠杆菌BL21,IPTG诱导表达,SDS-PAGE鉴定蛋白表达情况。表达产物进行超声破碎和Ni柱纯化,纯化后目的蛋白免疫小鼠,制备多克隆抗体并对其进行鉴定。成功构建了重组质粒pET30a-035,在大肠杆菌BL21中以包涵体形式高效表达。包涵体洗涤、溶解后进行Ni柱纯化,得到纯度较高的ORFV035-his融合蛋白。以纯化蛋白免疫小鼠获得多克隆抗体。Western blot检测显示该多抗可以识别天然ORFV035蛋白。成功诱导表达、纯化ORFV035蛋白并制备ORFV035多克隆抗体。     

人源Fank1蛋白质FN3结构域多肽的原核表达，纯化及晶体筛选

目的纯化人源Fank1（fibronectin type Ⅲ and ankyrin repeat domain1）蛋白质N端FN3（fibronectin typeⅢ,Ⅲ型纤黏连蛋白）结构域蛋白,用于晶体生长的三维结构分析。方法将FN3结构域基因片段克隆至原核表达载体pGEX-6P-1中,将菌落PCR和测序鉴定正确的重组质粒转化E.coli BL21（DE3）后获得表达菌株。该菌株经IPTG诱导高效表达出带有GST标签的可溶性的融合蛋白,经过Glutathione Sepha-rose^TM 4B亲和层析、Hiload16／60 superdex200分子筛层析纯化后,蛋白纯度达到95％以上。结果纯化蛋白采用悬滴气相扩散法得到棒状晶体。结论成功制备了高纯度FN3蛋白,获得FN3蛋白质晶体,为进一步的三维结构解析及Fank1功能研究奠定了基础。     

突触小体相关蛋白SNAP25的原核表达、纯化及鉴定

目的:克隆突触小体相关蛋白(SNAP25)基因,原核表达、纯化并鉴定SNAP25蛋白。方法:PCR扩增SNAP25基因,克隆至表达质粒pTIG-Trx,转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)感受态细胞,IPTG诱导表达,Ni2+-NTA亲和层析纯化目的蛋白,SDS-PAGE及Western印迹分析肉毒神经毒素BoNT/A轻链对该蛋白的裂解情况。结果:构建了pTIG-SNAP25表达质粒,经IPTG诱导表达,目的蛋白占全菌蛋白的26.2%,表达形式为可溶性表达,表达量达115.4mg/L,纯化后蛋白纯度达95%以上;经SDS-PAGE及Western印迹分析,SNAP25蛋白可被BoNT/A轻链特异降解。结论:克隆了SNAP25基因,在原核系统中表达、纯化并鉴定了重组SNAP25蛋白。     

新型rhNDPK-A工程菌的构建及表达产物纯化研究

目的 :为简化纯化过程 ,获得有临床研究价值的rhNDPK -A蛋白 ,构建新型rhNDPK -A基因的表达质粒 ,利用 6×His标签以Ni+ -NTA亲和层析柱纯化蛋白。方法 :将抑癌基因nm2 3-H1从质粒PBVNMH1中亚克隆于带有纯化标签的表达载体pQE4 0中。IPTG诱导表达目的蛋白。通过镍离子螯合层析柱一步纯化法纯化目的蛋白。结果 :pQE - 4 0中亚克隆的nm2 3-H1序列完全正确 ;目的蛋白在大肠杆菌M15中的表达量可达 4 9.6 % ;Ni+ -NTA亲和层析柱一步纯化后蛋白纯度为 93%。结论 :构建了带有 6×His纯化标签的新型rhNDPK -A基因表达质粒pQE -nm2 3H1,所构建质粒能高效表达目的蛋白 ,利用Ni+ -NTA亲和层析柱简便高效地纯化了表达产物。     

黑木耳核糖体失活蛋白cDNA 3′-端的克隆与分析

为了克隆黑木耳核糖体失活蛋白cDNA 3′-端,根据随机测得的中间一段蛋白质序列设计简并引物,应用RT-PCR和3′-RACE反应方法,将得到的基因片段与质粒连接,并转化至大肠杆菌中,进行蓝白筛选,再通过琼脂糖凝胶电泳法和PCR法验证白斑,从而得到阳性重组质粒,最后克隆出该目的蛋白基因片段。结果表明,克隆出的cDNA 3′-端为330bp的开放阅读框(ORF),编码107个氨基酸和2个终止密码子。经试验证明和文献检索,克隆得到的cDNA 3′-端为一种新基因。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.