入侵植物飞机草与4种牧草的竞争效应

【背景】飞机草是我国危害最严重的入侵植物之一,目前仍缺乏可持续的控制手段。【方法】运用De Wit取代试验研究法,设置2株·盆-1(42.42株·m~(-2))、4株·盆-1(84.84株·m-2)和8株·盆~(-1)(169.68株·m~(-2))3种密度,分别研究杂交狼尾草、木豆、山毛豆和宽叶雀稗与飞机草的竞争效应,以明确4种牧草对飞机草的替代控制潜力。【结果】3种密度下,杂交狼尾草和木豆均可以显著抑制飞机草的生长,其竞争平衡指数显著大于0,说明杂交狼尾草和木豆的竞争力均大于飞机草;山毛豆和宽叶雀稗的相对产量均显著小于1,其竞争平衡指数均显著小于0,说明山毛豆和宽叶雀稗的竞争力小于飞机草。【结论】杂交狼尾草和木豆可用作飞机草的替代控制植物。     

Studies in the eupatorieae (Compositae). XVII. The genus erythradenia (B. L. Robinson) R. M. King and H. Robinson

Piqueria (Erythradenia) pyramidalis B. L. Robinson is placed in a separate genus with the new combinationErythradenia pyramidalis (B. L. Robinson) R. M. King & H. Robinson. It is considered a close relative of the genusDecackaeta DC     

四川重楼属（延龄草科）一新变种——短瓣凌云重楼

描述了四川延龄草科重楼属一新变种——短瓣凌云重楼[Paris cronquistii (Takht.)H.Li var.brevipetalata H.X.Yin et H.Zhang].新变种——短瓣凌云重楼与凌云重楼[P.cronquistii (Takht.)H.Li]相似,区别在于花瓣线形、长1.2～3.1 cm、远短于萼片、下垂,雄蕊较少、8～12枚,仅2轮,叶上表面深绿色,沿中脉具淡绿色斑纹.     

Gentiana verna L. undGentiana aestiva (Schm.) R. et Schult

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Chemotaxonomic implications of the absence of sesquiterpene lactones in Grazielia multifida (DC.) R.M.King & H.Rob. (Asteraceae)

The phytochemical investigation of Grazielia multifida aerial parts yielded eight compounds, including four ent-kaurenic acid diterpenes derivatives, 15-tiglinoyloxy-ent-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid (1), 15-hydroxy-ent-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid (2), 17-hydroxy-ent-kaur-15-en-19-oic acid (3) and 15-isovaleroyloxy-ent-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid (4), one amino acid, tryptophan (5), and three flavonoids, eupafolin (6), guaijaverin (7) and quercitrin (8). The structures of the isolated compounds were established based on analysis of their spectroscopic data and comparison with literature. All the compounds were isolated from this species for the first time. The chemotaxonomic significance of the absence of sesquiterpene lactones in G. multifida has also been summarized.     

香辣蓼,中国春蓼属(蓼科)一新归化植物

报道了中国春蓼属一新归化植物：香辣蓼[Persicaria odorata（Lour.） Soják],并对其形态学特征进行了详细描述,提供了形态照片,同时分析了其用途。该种原产于中南半岛,被作为香料植物在云南、广西、广东及江西等地的傣族或客家人聚居区广泛栽培,现在云南西双版纳傣族自治州及德宏傣族景颇族自治州发现大量归化居群。香辣蓼与特产于中国江西的武功山春蓼（P.wugongshanensis B.Li）最为近似,二者叶片均具有强烈的气味,叶片及花被片具腺点,二型花柱,花序基部间断,花梗长于苞片,区别在于本种为多年生草本植物,具发达的根状茎,叶片披针形至狭披针形,果实表面光滑有光泽。     

菜心SOD基因的克隆及其在低温条件下的表达分析

采用同源克隆法从菜心中获得3个SOD基因,并进行生物信息学分析,采用qRT-PCR分析3个基因在不同组织器官和低温胁迫下的表达模式。结果表明:(1)获得Cu/Zn-SOD、Fe-SOD、Mn-SOD基因的ORF,分别命名为BclCZSD、BclFSD、BclMSD,序列长分别为459、639、696bp,分别编码152、212、231个氨基酸。(2)生物信息学分析显示,3种蛋白均为稳定的亲水性蛋白,均不存在跨膜结构和信号肽,BclCZSD的二级结构以无规则卷曲为主,含有2个Cu/Zn-SOD结构域,BclFSD和BclMSD的二级结构以α-螺旋为主,含有一个相同的Mn/Fe-SOD结构域;进化分析显示BclCZSD和BclMSD与油菜最先聚在一个分支,BclFSD与甘蓝、萝卜、油菜、芜菁聚在一个分支。(3)qRT-PCR结果显示,BclCZSD、BclFSD和BclMSD基因在菜心根、茎、叶和叶柄中均有表达,且在根、茎、叶和叶柄中的表达模式不完全相同;低温条件下,3个基因的表达量随着胁迫时间的延长均呈先升高后降低的变化趋势。研究结果为进一步探讨菜心SOD基因在低温胁迫下的响应机制奠定了基础。     

Effect of rye Secale cereale L. chromosomes 1R and 3R on polyembryony expression in hybrid combinations between ( Hordeum L.)-Triticum aestivum L. alloplasmic recombinant lines and wheat-rye substitution lines T. aestivum L.- S. cereale L.

The effect of rye chromosomes on polyembryony was studied for reciprocal hybrid combinations between (Hordeum vulgare L.)-Triticum aestivum L. alloplasmic recombinant lines and five wheat T. aestivum L. (cultivar Saratovskaya 29)-rye Secale cereale L. (cultivar Onokhosikaya) substitution lines: 1R(1D), 2R(2D), 3R(3B), 5R(5A), and 6R(6A), and for direct hybrid combinations between the [H. marinum ssp. gussoneanum (H. geniculatum All.)]-T. aestivum alloplasmic recombinant line and the wheat-rye substitution lines 1R(1A), 1R(1D), and 3R(3B). Chromosomes 1R and 3R of rye cultivar Onokhoiskaya proved to affect the expression of polyembryony in the hybrid combinations that involved the alloplasmic recombinant lines of common wheat as maternal genotypes. Based on this finding, polyembryony was regarded as a phenotypic expression of nuclear-cytoplasmic interactions where an important role is played by rye chromosomes 1R and 3R and the H. vulgare cytoplasm. Consideration is given to the association between the effect of rye chromosomes 1R and 3R on polyembryony in the [(Hordeum)-T. aestivum × wheat-rye substitution lines] hybrid combinations and their stimulating effect on the development on androgenic embryoids in isolated anther cultures of the wheat-rye substitution lines. Original Russian Text ? L.A. Pershina, T.S. Rakovtseva, L.I. Belova, E.P. Devyatkina, O.G. Silkova, L.A. Kravisova, A.I. Shchapova, 2007, published in Genetika, 2007, Vol. 43, No. 7, pp. 955–962.     

Schneeammern (Passerina nivalis L.) und Zwergtrappe (Otis tetrax L.) in Krain 1914/1915

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

基于MaxEnt模型的入侵植物白花鬼针草的分布预测及适生性分析

【背景】白花鬼针草为农区恶性杂草,原产于美洲,现已广泛分布于世界热带及亚热带地区,但其在全球和中国的适生区域及适生等级还不明确。【方法】利用MaxEnt生态位模型对白花鬼针草在全球以及中国的潜在适生区进行预测。【结果】白花鬼针草在全球的分布更多受到温度因素的影响。白花鬼针草的适生区主要集中在北半球和南半球15°~30°之间的热带和亚热带地区。其中,北美南部、南美中南部、非洲南部、东南亚北部以及大洋洲中南部沿海地区为白花鬼针草中、高度适生区。白花鬼针草在中国的适生区主要位于广东、广西、海南、云南、福建、台湾。到2070年,白花鬼针草在全球的适生区面积与当前相似,但在中国的适生区有所增大。【结论】白花鬼针草在我国有进一步扩张的风险。     

Eleocharis mutata (L.) Roem. et Schult. subject to drawdowns in a tropical coastal lagoon,State of Rio de Janeiro,Brazil

This investigation of the aquatic macrophyte Eleocharis mutata (L.) Roem. Et Schult. was carried out in Imboassica lagoon, a coastal lagoon in Macaé (22°50S; 44°42W), in the northern part of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The sandbar separating this lagoon from the ocean has been opened several times for flood control and to allow the entrance of marine species of commercial interest. The barrier bar has been breached without appropriate planning, and the consequences of breaching for the lagoon ecosystem are poorly understood. These openings drastically affect the structure and functioning of the lagoon, but there are no data on possible effects on macrophyte communities. In this project, we obtained data on the increase of the distribution, biomass accumulation and production rates of E. mutata in the establishment of a new stand, in an effort to relate effects of sandbar breach events to the expansion of this species. During 22 months of sampling, 4 breachings of the sandbar occurred, and E. mutata increased its area of coverage by about 810⁴ m², or 2.5% of the total area of the lagoon. The total aerial biomass reached a maximum of 1515 g DW m^–2, and the underground biomass reached 583 g DW m^–2. During the establishment and development of the stand, both dead and live aerial biomass and underground biomass tended to accumulate. Aerial net primary production (ANPP) was quite variable, reaching a maximum of 18.9 g DW m^–2 d^–1. We conclude that the sudden variations in water level caused by breaches in the sandbar were beneficial to the expansion of this species in Imboassica lagoon.     

Die FormenkreiseTurdus libonyanus (A. Sm.) undTurdus olivaceus L.

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Halophila ovalis (R. Br.) Hook. f. from a submarine hot spring in southern Japan

Colonies of the seagrass Halophila ovalis are found growing adjacent to coral Acropora sp. and Seriatopora hystrix in a submarine hot spring (at 15.7 m depth, 28.6°C) at the north coast of Taketomi Island, near the southern tip of Japan. Halophila plants grow in sea water containing sulphide 930 μg S ml⁻¹ and on the substratum with fine precipitates of the submarine hot spring which have sulphide content up to 5400 μg S g⁻¹ DW. The accumulated sulphide concentration reaches as high as 8400 μg S g⁻¹ DW in under ground tissues and 5700 μg S g⁻¹ DW in above-ground tissues, respectively. It is suggested that, not the sulphide concentration but light and possibly water temperature are the limiting factors for the Halophila colonization in the submarine hot spring.