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1.
为了研究不同施肥处理对相思树种幼林生长的影响, 对相思树种人工幼林进行不同施肥方式和施肥配方试验, 观测其胸径、树高及材积生长量的变化。结果表明: 基肥不同配方对相思树种幼林胸径、材积的影响差异显著, 对树高的影响差异不显著; 追肥不同配方对相思幼林生长量的影响差异不显著, 但不同树种间幼林生长差异显著。影响相思树种幼林生长的因素主次排序为树种>基肥>追肥。正交设计9个处理间, 相思树种幼林生长的树高、胸径、材积都存在显著差异(P<0.05), 其中, 处理A1 B2 C3和A2 B3 C3相思幼林树高最高, 处理A3 B2 C2相思幼林胸径和材积最大。结果为发展相思树种人工造林提供了技术支撑。  相似文献   

2.
帽儿山天然次生林20个阔叶树种细根形态   总被引:10,自引:1,他引:10       下载免费PDF全文
 细根在森林生态系统C分配和养分循环过程中发挥着重要作用。细根形态不但影响养分和水分的吸收, 而且与细根寿命和周转有密切关系。因此, 研究森林树种的细根形态对了解根系结构与功能、预测寿命与周转具有重要理论意义。该文根据细根分枝等级划分方法, 研究了东北帽儿山天然次生林20个阔叶树种1~5级根直径、根长和比根长等形态指标。结果表明, 20个树种中, 除5个树种1级根直径略大于2级和比根长略小于2级根外, 其余15个树种均表现为1级根直径和根长最小、比根长最高, 随着根序增加, 直径和根长增加, 而比根长降低。20个阔叶树种前3级根的累积根长均占前5级根总根长的80%以上。9个内生菌根侵染的树种的平均直径、根长和比根长均大于11个外生菌根侵染的树种。  相似文献   

3.
利用《中国植物志》、《广东植物志》等资料并结合实地野外踏查记录数据,获取了广东省1152个乡土阔叶树种的分布信息,在对其进行聚类分析的基础上采用多响应置换过程、指示种分析和Kruskal-Wallis检验,研究广东省乡土阔叶树种的分布特征。结果表明,乡土阔叶树种在广东省的分布具有较明显的纬度地带性,且可划分为3个分布区:Ⅰ区主要出现在广东省北部山区的中亚热带,树种丰富度的均值最大(376.5),缺萼枫香(Liquidambar acalycina)、椿叶花椒(Zanthoxylum ailanthoides)、伞花木(Eurycorymbus cavaleriei)等为主要指示种;Ⅱ区主要出现在广东省中部的南亚热带,树种丰富度的均值为339.8,肉桂(Cinnamomum cassia)、狭叶山黄麻(Trema angustifolia)、黄叶树(Xanthophyllum hainanense)等为主要指示种;Ⅲ区主要出现在广东省南部沿海的热带北缘,树种丰富度的均值最小(206.5),秋茄树(Kandelia candel)和山油柑(Acronychia pedunculata)等为主要指示种。  相似文献   

4.
为了探究珍贵树种毛红椿对施用不同肥料不同用量的响应,该文以毛红椿幼林为研究对象,设置氮肥(N)、磷肥(P)、复合肥(CF)及缓释肥(SRF)4种肥料3个施肥水平(高、中、低),研究施肥对毛红椿幼林生长和叶片养分、生理的影响.结果表明:(1)施肥均可促进毛红椿树高和胸径生长,氮肥和复合肥效果更明显,氮肥处理的4年生毛红椿平均树高、平均胸径、平均材积较不施肥(CK)分别提高了 15.0%、21.9%、67.5%,其中低氮肥(N1)处理的胸径年均生长量最大(2.99 cm),复合肥处理的平均树高、平均胸径、平均材积较CK分别提高了 16.7%、19.2%、54.3%.高缓释肥(SRF3)和低磷肥(P1)分别在第4年树高、胸径的年增长量达到最大(分别为1.96 m、2.33 cm).(2)施肥显著增加了毛红椿叶片叶绿素含量和非结构性碳水化合物含量,氮肥显著促进可溶性糖合成而磷肥显著促进淀粉合成.(3)N1和磷肥分别显著促进毛红椿叶片氮和磷含量的提高,磷肥、复合肥和氮肥均可显著提高叶片钾含量.(4)主成分分析结果表明,施肥促进生长效果依次为氮肥>复合肥>磷肥>缓释肥>不施肥,其中N1即100 g·plant-1·year-1的综合评价值最高.综合施肥成本和效益,施氮肥或复合肥能有效促进毛红椿幼林生长发育,推荐幼林期每年每株施100 g氮肥即可.该研究结果可为毛红椿造林初期林木养分管理提供参考.  相似文献   

5.
为了解影响罗霄山南部树木径向生长的主要气候要素, 该研究运用树木年轮气候学研究方法, 建立罗霄山南部4个针叶树种的树轮宽度标准化年表, 阐明影响该区域4个针叶树种径向生长的主要气候要素, 研究各树种在气温突变前后的径向生长特征及其对气候要素响应的异同。结果表明: 年表特征参数显示, 福建柏(Fokienia hodginsii)与其他树种相比, 其树轮宽度年表所包含的气候信息可能较少。与气候要素的相关分析显示, 铁杉(Tsuga chinensis)的径向生长同时受气温和降水的影响: 与上年10月的降水量呈显著正相关关系, 与气温的响应总体上呈负相关关系; 资源冷杉(Abies beshanzuensis var. ziyuanensis)仅与上年8月的降水量呈显著正相关关系; 马尾松(Pinus massoniana)与上年3月和当年1月的最高气温呈显著正相关关系, 与上年7月和当年8月的最低气温呈显著负相关关系; 福建柏仅与当年3月的降水量呈显著正相关关系。气温发生突变后, 4个树种树轮宽度指数的变化趋势相同, 均呈下降趋势, 除资源冷杉外, 各个树种的径向生长对气候要素的响应总体上有所增强, 且升温后产生的干旱胁迫抑制了各树种的生长。  相似文献   

6.
运用LANDIS Pro 7.0模型,模拟了2000—2200年小兴安岭地区10个阔叶树种地上部分生物量在当前气候条件和不同气候变化情景下的变化状况,并结合各树种的含碳率计算各树种的地上部分固碳速率.结果表明: 在模拟初始年份,水曲柳、黄檗、蒙古栎、春榆、色木槭的生物量低所占比例小,枫桦、白桦、山杨生物量较大所占比例较高.先锋树种白桦和山杨的固碳速率在模拟中后期出现先下降后上升的过程;其他阔叶树种的固碳速率变化规律较复杂,蒙古栎和紫椴的固碳速率在整个模拟阶段分别在-0.05~0.25和0.16~1.29 t·hm-2·(10 a)-1范围内波动,水曲柳、春榆、色木槭和枫桦的固碳速率在模拟中后期呈先上升后下降的趋势.在模拟的第2(2050—2100年)和第4阶段(2150—2200年),黄檗、黑桦在不同气候变化情景间的固碳速率存在显著差异,其他树种的固碳速率在不同气候条件间无显著差异.小兴安岭地区阔叶树种地上部分固碳速率对未来气候的敏感性存在差异.不同气候变化情景的不确定性对大多数森林乔木树种地上部分固碳速率不会造成显著差异,且气候对森林固碳速率的影响存在时滞效应.  相似文献   

7.
 利用光合作用测定系统(Li-COR 6400和叶室荧光仪),测定了亚热带阔叶树种的光合速率和荧光参数,分析了38 ℃适度高温对叶片光合作用 和吸收光能分配的影响。测试树种包括华南亚热带地区常见的阳生性树种木荷(Schima superba)、耐荫树种黄果厚壳桂(Cryptocarya concinna)和中生性树种红锥(Castanopsis hystrix)。适度高温处理均引起 所有树种的光合能力下降,而且木荷和红锥下降的程度比黄果 厚壳桂明显。与25 ℃的对照温度相比,适度高温处理的木荷叶片用于光化学反应所消耗的光能下降,红锥和黄果厚壳桂也有相似的反应,表明 适度高温限制叶片用于光化学反应的吸收光能。无论哪个树种,38 ℃适度高温处理的植物,叶片总吸收光能中额外多余的那部分和处于非活化 状态PSⅡ所吸收的那部分光能都增加,而且黄果厚壳桂比木荷和红锥显著,因此,亚热带阔叶森林的树种对适度高温的响应因种类而异。研究 结果意味着将来气候变化导致温度的上升对演替后期树种黄果厚壳桂的光合过程的限制比演替早期的树种木荷和中生性树种红锥会更严重。  相似文献   

8.
华南4种乡土阔叶树种枯落叶分解能力   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4       下载免费PDF全文
张浩    庄雪影   《生态学报》2008,28(5):2395-2395~2403
采用分解袋法,研究了樟树(Cinnamomum camphora (L.) Presl)、米老排(Mytilaria laosensis Lec.)、火力楠(Michelia macclurei Dandy)和黎蒴(Castanopsis fissa Rehd. et Wils.) 4种华南乡土阔叶树种枯落叶在阔叶混交人工林和湿地松人工林下的分解能力.4个树种枯落叶的分解速率大小依次为:樟树>米老排>火力楠>黎蒴,它们在混交林中的分解速率均大于松林.4个树种枯落叶的分解动态符合Olson指数模型,分解系数(K)在混交林中均大于人工林,且在两种林地中均表现为樟树>米老排>火力楠>黎蒴.不同时间枯落叶养分动态分析结果显示,4个树种枯落叶的N元素分解均出现先富集,后释放的特点,但仅在松林下出现N元素的净释放;K元素释放方式表现为先释放,后富集,仅在阔叶林下出现K元素净释放;Ca、Mg和B元素均表现为分解前期少量富积,之后开始大量释放的变化趋势,它们在阔叶林和松林下均出现净释放.4个树种在P元素释放方式上差异较大,趋势不明显.  相似文献   

9.
为探究杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolata)与山杜英(Elaeocarpus sylvestris)的混交效应,以景德镇枫树山林场20年生杉木纯林、山杜英纯林和杉木-山杜英混交林为研究对象,每种林分类型设置3种坡位(上坡、中坡和下坡),分析树种混交对林分生长的影响,并分别探究混交效应对立地条件和生境因子的响应。结果表明:混交林蓄积较预期蓄积增加5%,表现略微增产;混交林中杉木蓄积较杉木纯林增加15%,混交林中山杜英蓄积较山杜英纯林减少13%。相对于纯林,两树种直径分布特征对混交的响应呈相反趋势,混交林中杉木直径分布峰值向高阶移动,而混交林中山杜英直径分布峰值向低阶移动。混交林及其纯林粗根直径-胸径的异速生长分析表明,混交林中杉木生长侧重于树干生长,而山杜英生长侧重于根系生长;无论林型和树种,坡位由上到下,林木生长会侧重于树干生长。杉木-山杜英混交效应与地位指数呈显著负相关(P<0.05),土壤有效磷是混交林生长的主要限制因子。杉木与山杜英混交可促进林分生长,且混交林对较差立地条件有更好的适应性。  相似文献   

10.
柠条人工幼林细根生长和死亡的季节变化   总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
以晋西北黄土区5年生柠条(Caragana korshinskiiKom.)人工林为研究对象,应用微根管技术对林地100cm土层范围的柠条细根动态进行了观测。以细根根长密度(RLD,mm.cm-3)、生长速率(RLDgr,mm.cm-.3d-1)、死亡速率(RLDdr,mm.cm-.3d-1)和生死之比(Rgd)为基本参数,对生长季(2007年4-9月)柠条细根的生长和死亡特点及其与环境因子(如气温、降雨量、土壤温度、土壤水分等)的关系做了探讨。结果表明:(1)在生长季,柠条细根的平均RLDgr和RLDdr分别为0.1264mm.cm-.3d-1和0.0354mm.cm-.3d-1;(2)下层(50-100cm)细根的RLDgr大于上层(0-50cm);但是下层细根的RLDdr小于上层;(3)柠条细根RLDgr的季节变化趋势为4-7月份迅速增大,8月份达峰值,之后迅速减小;细根RLDdr的季节变化趋势则为4-7月初缓慢增大,之后迅速增大,在生长季末(9月下旬)达到最大;(4)柠条细根Rgd在生长季呈逐渐减小趋势,但是仅季末Rgd1,说明在生长季柠条的细根动态是一个以生长占优势的生死交织过程;(5)RLDgr与气温存在极显著正相关(P0.01),与土壤温度存在显著正相关(P0.05);但是RLDdr与各个环境因子的相关性均不显著(P0.05)。  相似文献   

11.
珙桐的生物生态学特性和栽培技术   总被引:18,自引:0,他引:18       下载免费PDF全文
王献溥  李俊清  张家勋   《广西植物》1995,15(4):347-353
珙桐是一种残遗种,为我国所特有,只零星分布于长江流域一带湿润亚热带山地,被列为国家一级保护植物。由于它的棕红色头状花序下具有两枚大型的白色苞片,形似白鸽,有中国鸽子树之称,早已成为国外著名的园林观赏树种。我国有不少单位开展引种试验研究,还未得到推广。本文概括地报导了它的地理分布、生物生态学特性和栽培技术,希望能使它在园林绿化事业中占据应有的地位。  相似文献   

12.
研究比较了南亚热带6年生格木(Erythrophleum fordii)、马尾松(Pinus massoniana)幼龄人工纯林及马尾松与格木混交林生态系统碳氮储量及其分配特征。结果表明,生态系统总碳储量依次为马尾松-格木混交林(137.75 t/hm2)格木纯林(134.07 t/hm2)马尾松纯林(131.10 t/hm2),总氮储量则为格木纯林(10.19 t/hm2)马尾松-格木混交林(8.68 t/hm2)马尾松纯林(7.01 t/hm2)。3种人工林生态系统碳氮库空间分布基本一致,绝大部分储存于0—100 cm土壤层,平均占生态系统总储量的81.49%和96.91%,其次为乔木层(分别占17.52%和2.69%),林下植被和凋落物层所占比例最小。林地土壤碳主要集中于表土层,其中0—30 cm土层平均碳储量为52.52 t/hm2,占土壤总碳储量(0—100 cm)的47.99%,土壤氮的分布则无明显规律。相比于纯林,与固氮树种混交的营林方式表现出更大的碳储存能力。3种幼龄人工林生态系统较低的地上与地下部分碳氮分配比,表明其仍具有较强的碳氮固持潜力。  相似文献   

13.
茶园间植乌桕的气候生态效应   总被引:19,自引:0,他引:19  
在安徽省黄山地区的红壤上,研究了茶园种植乌桕树对改善小气候环境的效应。夏秋季借助乌桕树稀疏的林冠为茶树遮荫,茶树-乌桕间植茶园的太阳总辐射低于茶树的光饱和点,其散射辐射比普通纯茶园增加,散射辐射与直接辐射的比率高达0.78-0.90,气温及湿度得到调节,宜于茶树正常生长;茶树及乌桕树的根系分别从浅层及深层吸收土壤水分,提高了土壤水的利用率。因此,茶园间植乌桕可减轻夏季热旱危害茶树生长,提高茶叶产量和品质,是江南茶区生产优质绿茶的一种人工生态模式。  相似文献   

14.
为科学筛选提升南亚热带人工林生产力的树种配置模式,选择南亚热带8个乡土树种,采用随机区组的试验设计,建立了树种多样性梯度(1、2、4、6个树种)人工新造林试验平台,研究树种多样性及不同功能特性树种混交对人工林早期树木生长的影响。结果表明: 在树木生长第5年,树木生长并没有随树种多样性增加而增加;速生树种马尾松和米老排纯林生长量是珍贵树种红椎和格木纯林的2.5~4.5倍;2个树种混交和4个树种混交情况下,针阔树种混交、速生树种与固氮树种混交显著提高树木生长量51.5%~132.8%,而当6个树种混交时,不同树种组配对生长量没有显著影响。不同树种配置模式下土壤氮、磷养分是影响树木早期生长的主要因素。针阔树种混交、速生和固氮树种混交能显著提高南亚热带人工林树木的早期生长。  相似文献   

15.
We describe the elevational patterns of species richness and endemism of some important taxa in the Hengduan Mountains, southwest China. Species richness data came from publications, an online database, herbaria and field work. Species richness was estimated by rarefaction and interpolation. The Hengduan Mountains region was divided into a southern and northern subregion, and all species were assigned to four groups based on their distributional range within this region. The conditional autoregressive model (CAR) was used to relate species richness and explanatory variables. The elevational patterns of total, endemic and non-endemic species richness, at subregion and entire region scales, presented to be unimodal and peaked at similar elevations. Area size was strongly related with species richness, and was more powerful in explaining variation in species richness in the northern subregion than in the southern subregion. A single climatic variable (mean annual rainfall, potential evapotranspiration or moisture index) showed a weak relationship with the elevational pattern of species richness. Area and climatic variables together explained more than 67% of the variation in non-endemic richness, 53% in total richness, and 50% in endemic richness. There were three patterns of endemism at the generic level with increasing elevation: namely endemism increased, decreased, or peaked at middle elevations. All selected taxa have experienced rapid speciation and evolution within this region, which plays an important role in the uniform elevational patterns of total, endemic and non-endemic richness, and in the multiform elevational patterns of endemism. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.  相似文献   

16.
    
Hevea brasiliensis is one of the important economic trees with a greateconomic value for natural rubber production. Symbiosis between roots of H. brasiliensis and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) is widely recognized, and canprovide a range of benefits for both of them. Hainan Island harbors is one of thelargest plantations of H. brasiliensis in China, whereas the information regardingthe diversity of AMF in the rhizosphere of H. brasiliensis on this island is scarce.The diversity of AMF species in the rhizosphere of rubber tree plantations in Hainanwas investigated in this study. A total of 72 soil samples from the rhizosphere of H.brasiliensis RY7-33-97 were collected. These included 48 samples from plantationsin 11 cities or counties that had been planted for 15–25 years, and 24 samples from ademonstrating plantation site of the China National Rubber Tree Germplasm Repository representing plantations with tree plantation ages from one to 40 year-old.Collectively, a total of 68 morphotypes of AMF, belonging to the genera of Archaeospora (1), Glomus (43), Acaulospora (18), Entrophospora (3), Scutellospora (2),and Gigaspora (1) were isolated and identified, as per morphological characteristicsof spores presented in the collected soil samples. Glomus (Frequency, F = 100%) andAcaulospora (F = 100%) were the predominant genera, and A. mellea (F = 63.9%)and A. scrobiculata (F = 63.9%) were the predominant species. AMF species differedsignificantly among collected sites in spore density (SD, 290.7–2,186.7 spores per100 g dry soil), species richness (SR, 4.3–12.3), and Shannon-Weiner index of diversity (H, 1.24–2.24). SD was negatively correlated with available phosphorus level inthe soil; SR was positively correlated with soil total phosphorus content; and H waspositively correlated with levels of soil organic matter and total phosphorus. Similarly, SD, SR, and H were also correlated with H. brasiliensis plantation age, andan increasing trend was observed up to 40 years. These results suggest that theAMF community was complex and ubiquitous in the island plantation ecosystemsof H. brasiliensis, with high species abundance and diversity. Soil factors and plantation age dramatically affected AMF diversity at species level.  相似文献   

17.
    
The Gilbert Bay, Labrador, MPA (Marine Protected Area) was created in 2005 to protect a genomically distinct and locally adapted bay resident population of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) from commercial overfishing. Since then research showed that significant numbers of individuals migrate beyond MPA boundaries creating a concern that fishing continues to impact this endemic population. As part of research and MPA monitoring to assess the health of the protected cod population, lethal sampling of Gilbert Bay cod was conducted from 1998 to 2009 to gather length-at-age data from otoliths. Since then only non-lethal sampling methods were used so as to help conserve the protected population. This study was conducted to compare non-lethally (mark-recapture and length-frequency) obtained age and growth data with lethally (otolith-length-at-age) obtained data. The three methods produced similar results for the 1998 to 2009 period, and both of the non-lethal methods considered were consistent over the 20 year study, confirming their preference over lethal methods for this small endemic fish population.  相似文献   

18.
  总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
An idea of plant functional types (PFTs) classification is brought forward based on the topographical pattern of plants, and a case study at Daloling region, lying in the northern part of Chinese subtropical zone, is presented. By means of extensive field study of the mountain forests, the quantitative attributes of the major 55 evergreen broadleaved tree species in the communities located at various topographical positions were acquired. The detrended canerical corre spondence analysis (DCCA) method was used to analyze: 1) The correlationships among the habitat temperature, moisture and illumination conditions and the 6 topographical attributes as elevation, mountain aspect, slope shape, slope position, slope direction and slope gradient of the habitat. 2) The diverse patterns of 55 species on the multidimensional topographical gradients. The scores of ordination were then used for a two way indicator species analysis (TWINSPAN) to the species. According to the results of previous analyses, the 55 evergreen broadleaved tree species at Dalaoling were classified into 10 PFTs. A discussion about the validity and limits of this PFTs accessing approach were given in the end.   相似文献   

19.
Diversity of vascular plants was studied in three sacred groves of the Jaintia Hills, in northeast India. About 395 species, 250 genera, and 108 families comprising pteridophytes, gymnosperms and angiosperms were found in the groves. Orchidaceae, Rubiaceae, Asteraceae and Lauraceae were dominant families and Ficus was the largest genus, with nine species. About 160 tree species were distributed in canopy, subcanopy and under canopy strata of the forest. Concentration of tropical and temperate elements of the neighbouring Sino-Himalayan and Burma-Malayan regions, and endemic (54 species), rare (31 species) and primitive taxa (38 species) due to favourable climatic conditions and prolonged protection have contributed to the high species richness of the groves. Their better management and protection is important for the conservation of plant diversity in the region and also for the benefit of indigenous tribes of the state.  相似文献   

20.
Seasonally dry tropical forests (SDTF) currently occupy only 10% of the original area of their natural distribution. In the Marañón river valley, north western of Peru, occurs one of the most important SDTF of the neotropics. It has an endemic woody flora that represent 32% of the species, being threatened by its increasing fragmentation, and the knowledge of the ecology, forestry and conservation of the tree species is scarce. In this context this work presents the result of evaluation of the wood anatomy with emphasis to growth ring analysis, dating trees and stem growth rate determination of four tree species: Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell.) Brenan, Cedrela kuelapensis T.D. Penn. & Daza, Cordia iguaguana Melch. Ex I.M. Johnst., and Esenbeckia cornuta Eng., the last three being endemic and threatened with extinction. Our results determined that Cedrela kuelapensis showed the highest radial growth of the stem in relation to the other congeners of the neotropical region. Lower stem growth was observed for E. cornuta trees, according to the pattern of other tropical species. The results also indicate that populations of C. iguaguana and Esenbeckia cornuta in the zone are mainly composed by young trees exhibiting strong anthropic pressure due to the quality of their timber and, in consequence, more efforts are needed in the management of these resources to guarantee their sustainability.  相似文献   

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