电针刺激联合局部振动治疗对脊髓损伤并发下肢痉挛患者康复效果及血清BDNF、PDGF的影响

目的:探讨脊髓损伤(SCI)并发下肢痉挛患者经电针刺激联合局部振动治疗后的临床效果。方法:选取本院于2018年1月到2019年6月期间收治的SCI并发下肢痉挛患者90例,根据乱数表法将上述患者分为对照组(n=45)和研究组(n=45),对照组患者给予常规康复系统疗法治疗,研究组在对照组的基础上给予电针刺激联合局部振动治疗,比较两组患者临床疗效、相关量表评分、内收肌角、直腿抬高角以及血清BDNF、PDGF水平。结果:研究组治疗后的临床总有效率为91.11%(41/45),高于对照组的64.44%(29/45)(P0.05)。两组患者治疗后改良Barthel指数、血清BDNF、PDGF水平均升高,且研究组高于对照组(P0.05);改良Ashworth量表、临床痉挛指数评分降低,且研究组低于对照组(P0.05)。两组患者治疗后内收肌角、直腿抬高角均扩大,且研究组大于对照组(P0.05)。结论:电针刺激联合局部振动治疗SCI并发下肢痉挛患者,可有效促进患者康复,改善下肢痉挛,提高生活自理能力,同时还可有效改善血清BDNF、PDGF水平。     

虚拟场景的下肢康复训练系统的设计与实现

大多数的脑卒中患者在下肢运动方面有障碍,给其生活带来了极大的不便,进行及时有效的康复训练是恢复下肢运动功能的关键。传统的下肢康复训练过程中重复性高,患者的参与度低和互动性差。为了解决该问题,本研究设计了一种基于虚拟场景的下肢康复训练系统。该系统实现了结合虚拟现实技术进行下肢康复训练和评估,采集和处理足底压力数据,控制虚拟场景中虚拟元素,显示训练的时间、得分和训练过程中足底压力的最大值、平均值。该系统由下位机硬件和上位机软件构成。硬件系统包括力传感模块和数据采集模块;软件系统是由虚拟场景模块和人机交互模块构成。基于SPSS软件的分析数据结果表明,系统不仅可以准确的采集足底脚掌与脚跟的压力值,而且组内相关系数均大于0.9,系统具有很好的可靠性。本研究的虚拟场景的趣味性很高,能有效地提高患者训练的积极性,并有利于医生制定针对性的康复计划。     

植物与病原菌互作的分子机制研究进展

植物的先天免疫主要包括模式识别受体对保守的微生物病原相关分子模式的识别和抗病蛋白对效应蛋白的识别。植物与病原体互作过程中存在广泛的信号交流,信号分子在植物与病原体的互作攻防中发挥了重要的调控作用,决定了二者的竞争关系。当前,大量植物与病原体互作中的信号分子被定位和克隆,其作用方式被揭示。本文总结了这些信号分子及其在植物免疫过程中的作用机制,主要包括植物细胞表面的模式识别受体分子对病原相关分子模式的识别与应答,植物抗病蛋白对病原体效应蛋白的识别与应答,以及免疫反应下游相关信号分子及其在植物抗病中的作用。此外,本文对未来相关研究提出了展望。     

下肢康复训练方法的研究现状

下肢运动功能障碍严重影响了患者的日常生活及步行的功能,严重时会造成偏瘫等现象,越来越多的研究者致力于寻找新的有效的下肢康复训练方法。目前临床常用的下肢康复训练方法有肌电生物反馈与综合康复训练结合法、针灸联合康复训练法、电刺激疗法和步态训练法。本文针对近年来下肢康复训练方法的多样性进行了系统回顾及总结,尤其对早期介入的减重步态训练康复模式进行了综述及展望。     

基于小波特征分析的手指动作识别研究

目的：本文利用表面肌电（sEMG）信号来研究多种手指组合动作的识别问题。方法：在对采集的四个通道sEMG信号进行降噪预处理的基础上,采用移动加窗处理方法来提取关于手指运动状态的信号活动段,再分析各个信号活动段的小波系数统计特征,进而利用多类支持向量机（SVM分类算法来实现手指组合动作的识别。结果：动作识别率最高达到100％。结论：所采用方法能够有效地识别多种手势动作,并为后续基于肌电信号的实时人机接口系统的研究奠定了理论基础。     

基于小波特征分析的手指动作识别研究

目的:本文利用表面肌电(sEMG)信号来研究多种手指组合动作的识别问题。方法:在对采集的四个通道sEMG信号进行降噪预处理的基础上,采用移动加窗处理方法来提取关于手指运动状态的信号活动段,再分析各个信号活动段的小波系数统计特征,进而利用多类支持向量机(SVM)分类算法来实现手指组合动作的识别。结果:动作识别率最高达到100%。结论:所采用方法能够有效地识别多种手势动作,并为后续基于肌电信号的实时人机接口系统的研究奠定了理论基础。     

基于子块矩阵马尔可夫聚类识别动态蛋白质相互作用网络功能模块

细胞生物过程具有时序动态性,蛋白质功能模块是驱动细胞生物过程的功能单位。为了蛋白质功能模块识别,本文将细胞生物过程建模为动态时序表达相关蛋白质相互作用网络(DTEPIN);构建子块矩阵以表示动态时序表达相关蛋白质相互作用网络;利用子块矩阵特殊性,分析时空复杂度和并行性;优化设计马尔可夫聚类算法,以识别动态时序表达相关蛋白质相互作用网络中的蛋白质功能模块。为了支持基于子块矩阵马尔可夫聚类过程,本文运用图形处理器并行计算矩阵乘积。实验结果表明,与已有同类算法相比,所设计算法识别的蛋白质功能模块,统计匹配质量更高且精确匹配数量更多。     

功能性电刺激对痉挛型双瘫型脑瘫患儿下肢运动功能的影响

目的:探讨功能性电刺激(FES)对痉挛型双瘫型脑瘫患儿下肢运动功能的影响。方法:将2012年7月-2014年6月我院儿科康复中心141例痉挛型双瘫脑瘫患儿随机分为观察组(73例)与对照组(68例),对照组采用常规综合康复治疗,观察组在此基础上再给予FES治疗,持续治疗12周,在治疗前及治疗后12周后测定MAS评分、踝关节背屈活动度(ROM)评分以及粗大运动功能测试量表(GMFM)评分。结果:经治疗12周后,两组ROM评分和GMFM评分均显著高于治疗前(P0.05),且观察组上升更明显(P0.05);两组MAS评分均显著低于治疗前(P0.05),且观察组降低更明显(P0.05)。结论:FES结合运动训练可显著缓解下肢肌群痉挛程度,改善踝关节运动范围和功能,促进下肢运动功能的恢复,值得临床推广。     

KLF基因家族在乳腺癌中的表达及临床意义

为了研究KLF基因家族成员在乳腺癌发生中的分子机制及其与患者预后的关系,我们利用GEPIA对KLF家族进行Kaplan-Meier生存分析,筛选出与患者预后显著相关家族成员;在Oncomine数据库中分析前面筛选出的与乳腺癌预后有关的KLF家族成员;采用c Bio Portal筛选出与患者预后有关的KLF家族成员共表达基因;STRING构建蛋白互作网络,Cytoscape软件中的MCODE插件识别网络模块,再用STRING对网络模块进行聚类分析。Kaplan-Meier生存分析显示KLF家族成员中KLF13和KLF15与乳腺癌预后显著相关(p0.05);Oncomine分析显示只有KLF13在乳腺癌组织表达显著高于正常组织(p0.01);c Bio Portal中筛选出KLF13共表达基因274个;Cytoscape软件中的MCODE插件识别出网络模块3个,STRING进行GO分析发现,网络模块中基因主要参与线粒体内的翻译和呼吸链氧化磷酸化生成ATP等生物过程,KEGG分析发现网络模块中涉及基因主要线粒体蛋白质翻译场所核糖体及其氧化磷酸化等信号通路有关。以上表明KLF13可能通过线粒体信号通路来影响乳腺癌的发生,可作为一个候选的乳腺癌临床预后标志物和潜在的治疗靶点。     

下肢用力与+Gz耐力关系的研究

目的:研究下肢用力与 Gz耐力之间的关系,为飞行员加速度耐力选拔和离心机训练提供依据.方法:7名受试者,在离心机上测量其在松弛和各种不同下肢用力情况下的 Gz耐力,分析下肢用力与 Gz耐力之间的关系.结果:各种不同下肢用力情况下的 Gz耐力之间有显著差异.结论:飞行员加速度耐力检查过程中需要严格控制下肢用力.下肢用力增加可显著提高受试者的 Gz耐力.     

Neural network classification of myoelectric signal for prosthesis control

An alternate approach to deriving control for multidegree of freedom prosthetic arms is considered. By analyzing a single-channel myoelectric signal (MES), we can extract information that can be used to identify different contraction patterns in the upper arm. These contraction patterns are generated by subjects without previous training and are naturally associated with specific functions. Using a set of normalized MES spectral features, we can identify contraction patterns for four arm functions, specifically extension and flexion of the elbow and pronation and supination of the forearm. Performing identification independent of signal power is advantageous because this can then be used as a means for deriving proportional rate control for a prosthesis. An artificial neural network implementation is applied in the classification task. By using three single-layer perceptron networks, the MES is classified, with the spectral representations as input features. Trials performed on five subjects with normal limbs resulted in an average classification performance level of 85% for the four functions.     

基于图像特征的实蝇自动识别初步研究

针对实蝇图象识别,提出了基于局部模板匹配和分层约束的虫身局部特征检测的算法,该算法将虫身局部特征搜索分为三个层次:首先是图像中的实蝇虫身检测,找到实蝇图像上虫身的大概位置;其次是用虫身明显特征模板作虫身检测;最后根据不同实蝇的典型特征区别出这些实蝇所属的不同类别.在图像预处理时采用主成分分析(PCA)方法进行主轴定位并旋转归一化处理.在对虫身翅膀上的明显特征进行检测时,提出了翅膀斑纹模板匹配算法.     

Possible mechanisms of muscle cramp from temporal and spatial surface EMG characteristics.

In this study, the initiation and development of muscle cramp are investigated. For this, we used a 64-channel surface electromyogram (EMG) to study the triceps surae muscle during both cramp and maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) in four cramp-prone subjects and during cramp only in another four cramp-prone subjects. The results show that cramp presents itself as a contraction of a slowly moving fraction of muscle fibers, indicating that either the spatial arrangement of the motoneurons and muscle fibers is highly related or that cramp spreads at a level close to the muscle. Spectral analyses of the EMG and peak-triggered average potentials show the presence of extremely short potentials during cramp compared with during MVC. These results can also be interpreted in two ways. Either the motoneurons fire with enlarged synchronization during MVC compared with cramp, or smaller units than motor units are active, indicating that cramp is initiated close to or even at the muscle fiber level. Further research is needed to draw final conclusions.     

MusIC method enhancement by a sensitivity study of its performance: Application to a lower limbs musculoskeletal model

Providing a biomechanical feedback during experimental sessions is a real outcome for rehabilitation, ergonomics or training applications. However, such applications imply a fast computation of the biomechanical quantities to be observed. The MusIC method has been designed to solve quickly the muscle forces estimation problem, thanks to a database interpolation. The current paper aims at enhancing its performance. Without generating any database, the method allows to identify optimal densities (number of samples contained in the database) with respect to the method accuracy and the off-line computation time needed to generate the database. On a lower limbs model (12 degrees of freedom, 82 muscles), thanks to this work, the MusIC method exhibits an accuracy error of 0.1% with an off-line computation time lower than 10?minutes. The on-line computation frequency (number of samples computed per second) is about 58?Hz. Thanks to these improvements, the MusIC method can be used to produce a feedback during an experimentation with a wide variety of musculoskeletal models or cost functions (used to share forces into muscles). The interaction between the subject, the experimenter (e.g. trainer, ergonomist or clinician) and the biomechanical data (e.g. muscle forces) in experimental sessions is a promising way to enhance rehabilitation, training or design techniques.     

Signal localization: a new approach in signal discovery

A new approach for statistical association signal identification is developed in this paper. We consider a strategy for nonprecise signal identification by extending the well‐known signal detection and signal identification methods applicable to the multiple testing problem. Collection of statistical instruments under the presented approach is much broader than under the traditional signal identification methods, allowing more efficient signal discovery. Further assessments of maximal value and average statistics in signal discovery are improved. While our method does not attempt to detect individual predictors, it instead detects sets of predictors that are jointly associated with the outcome. Therefore, an important application would be in genome wide association study (GWAS), where it can be used to detect genes which influence the phenotype but do not contain any individually significant single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). We compare power of the signal identification method based on extremes of single p‐values with the signal localization method based on average statistics for logarithms of p‐values. A simulation analysis informs the application of signal localization using the average statistics for wide signals discovery in Gaussian white noise process. We apply average statistics and the localization method to GWAS to discover better gene influences of regulating loci in a Chinese cohort developed for risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).     

Rigorous Training of Dogs Leads to High Accuracy in Human Scent Matching-To-Sample Performance

Human scent identification is based on a matching-to-sample task in which trained dogs are required to compare a scent sample collected from an object found at a crime scene to that of a suspect. Based on dogs’ greater olfactory ability to detect and process odours, this method has been used in forensic investigations to identify the odour of a suspect at a crime scene. The excellent reliability and reproducibility of the method largely depend on rigor in dog training. The present study describes the various steps of training that lead to high sensitivity scores, with dogs matching samples with 90% efficiency when the complexity of the scents presented during the task in the sample is similar to that presented in the in lineups, and specificity reaching a ceiling, with no false alarms in human scent matching-to-sample tasks. This high level of accuracy ensures reliable results in judicial human scent identification tests. Also, our data should convince law enforcement authorities to use these results as official forensic evidence when dogs are trained appropriately.     

A型肉毒毒素治疗上肢痉挛的应用进展

脑瘫、脑卒中、颅脑外伤、多发性硬化等疾病引起上运动神经元病损均可出现肌肉痉挛,给患者的肢体功能造成不良影响。肉毒毒素是肉毒梭状芽孢杆菌产生的一种毒力极强的嗜神经生物毒素,可阻断神经肌肉接头处的乙酰胆碱的释放,导致肌肉松弛性麻痹。一些临床专家利用肉毒毒素(主要为A型肉毒毒素Botulinum toxin type A,BTX-A)的这种生物活性,来治疗肢体肌肉痉挛,已成为相关医学生物学和临床研究的热点之一。     

Ensembles of signal transduction models using Pareto Optimal Ensemble Techniques (POETs)

Mathematical modeling of complex gene expression programs is an emerging tool for understanding disease mechanisms. However, identification of large models sometimes requires training using qualitative, conflicting or even contradictory data sets. One strategy to address this challenge is to estimate experimentally constrained model ensembles using multiobjective optimization. In this study, we used Pareto Optimal Ensemble Techniques (POETs) to identify a family of proof-of-concept signal transduction models. POETs integrate Simulated Annealing (SA) with Pareto optimality to identify models near the optimal tradeoff surface between competing training objectives. We modeled a prototypical-signaling network using mass-action kinetics within an ordinary differential equation (ODE) framework (64 ODEs in total). The true model was used to generate synthetic immunoblots from which the POET algorithm identified the 117 unknown model parameters. POET generated an ensemble of signaling models, which collectively exhibited population-like behavior. For example, scaled gene expression levels were approximately normally distributed over the ensemble following the addition of extracellular ligand. Also, the ensemble recovered robust and fragile features of the true model, despite significant parameter uncertainty. Taken together, these results suggest that experimentally constrained model ensembles could capture qualitatively important network features without exact parameter information.     

痉挛性肌张力增高的神经外科治疗

目的:分析总结在周围神经肌电监测指导下行缩窄神经术降低痉挛性高肌张力,改善关节强直的临床疗效。方法:对16例关节强直患者术中在周围神经肌电监测指导下,在显微镜下行神经缩窄术,其中脑性瘫痪患者9例,脑炎后遗症患者2例,中毒性脑病1例,脑外伤后遗症患者1例,颈髓损伤患者1例,脑积水患者1例,烟雾病伴脑梗死患者1例。用表面肌电(surface electro myo graphy,s EMG)及改良的Ashworth(Modified A shworth Scale,MAS)肌张力分级标准对强直肢体肌张力评定。结果:所有患者的痉挛肢体肌张力明显下降,症状显著改善。肌电信号均方根值术前与术后比较,采用配对样本的T检验分析,P值0.001,差异有统计学意义。术后感觉障碍发生率为12.5%(2/16),术后肌力明显减低发生率为18.8%(3/16),随访期间完全恢复。结论:术中在周围神经肌电监测指导下,显微镜下行神经缩窄术治疗痉挛性关节强直是有效的外科治疗方法,效果确切。     

空气压力波联合等速肌力训练对乳腺癌改良根治术后康复效果的影响研究

摘要 目的：观察空气压力波联合等速肌力训练对乳腺癌改良根治术后康复效果。方法：选取湖南中医药大学第一附属医院于2021年1月-2022年12月期间收治的160例行乳腺癌改良根治术的患者,采用双色球法分为对照组（等速肌力训练联合常规干预）和研究组（空气压力波联合等速肌力训练和常规干预）,每组例数为80例。比较两组淋巴水肿发生率、视觉模拟评分法（VAS）、Constant-Murley肩关节评分、关节活动度（ROM）和三角肌下缘、肘上、肘下、腕上的周径,同时观察两组生活质量变化情况。结果：研究组的淋巴水肿发生率低于对照组（P<0.05）。干预1个月后,研究组VAS低于对照组,Constant-Murley肩关节评分和ROM高于对照组（P<0.05）。干预1个月后,研究组三角肌下缘、肘上、肘下、腕上的周径小于对照组（P<0.05）。干预1个月后,研究组生理职能（RP）、情感职能（RE）、社会功能（SF）、生理功能（PF）、总体健康（GH）、活力（VT）、躯体疼痛（BP）及精神健康（MH）评分均高于对照组（P<0.05）。结论：乳腺癌改良根治术后康复采用等速肌力训练联合空气压力波干预,可减轻患者术后疼痛,缩小上肢周径,降低淋巴水肿的发生率,促进患者肩关节功能和生活质量改善。