双歧异黄酮奶粉对H22荷瘤小鼠化疗后的增效减毒作用研究

目的研究双歧异黄酮奶粉对环磷酰胺化疗后H22荷瘤小鼠抗肿瘤的增效减毒作用及其机制。方法构建H22荷瘤C57BL／6小鼠模型,研究双歧异黄酮奶粉对环磷酰胺化疗后的抑瘤率,取脾和胸腺计算脏器指数,双抗夹心ELISA法测定抑癌基因P27的表达及IL-2的水平以探索增效减毒机制。结果双歧异黄酮奶粉与环磷酰胺联合抗肿瘤具有增效减毒作用。可诱导抑癌基因P27的表达,增加IL-2的水平。结论双歧异黄酮奶粉与环磷酰胺联合抗肿瘤具有增效减毒作用。     

双歧杆菌脂磷壁酸与5-氟尿嘧啶联用的抗肿瘤研究

目的探讨双歧杆菌脂磷壁酸与5-氟尿嘧啶（5-Fu）联用对H22荷瘤小鼠的抗肿瘤作用及免疫功能的影响。方法双歧杆菌脂磷壁酸单独或联合5-Fu处理H22荷瘤Balb／c小鼠,定期测量肿瘤大小,观察小鼠一般状况;计算抑瘤率、血红细胞数和白细胞数,取脾和胸腺计算脏器指数;HE染色分析肿瘤组织变化;MTT法检测小鼠脾T淋巴细胞增殖转化功能以及ELISA法检测小鼠脾淋巴细胞分泌IFN-γ含量。结果双歧杆菌脂磷壁酸及5-Fu单独应用均可抑制肿瘤生长,但单独5-Fu处理组小鼠一般状况差,毒性反应重;双歧杆菌脂磷壁酸与5-Fu联合应用,与单独5-Fu处理组比较,不仅抑瘤率明显提高（P〈0．01）,且荷瘤小鼠一般状况改善,白细胞数升高,脏器指数增加,小鼠脾T淋巴细胞增殖能力强,脾淋巴细胞分泌IFN-γ,水平提高;光镜观察HE染色瘤体组织,双歧杆菌脂磷壁酸处理组可见大量炎症细胞浸润。结论双歧杆菌脂磷壁酸联合5-FU能增强化疗的抑瘤作用,并能扭转化疗引起的免疫低下现象,起到增效减毒作用。     

双歧杆菌脂磷壁酸对化疗荷瘤小鼠免疫功能的影响

目的探讨双歧杆菌脂磷壁酸对5-氟尿嘧啶（5-FU）化疗肝癌H22荷瘤小鼠免疫的影响及其作用机制。方法双歧杆菌脂磷壁酸处理5-Fu化疗的H纶荷瘤Balb／c小鼠,MTT法检测NK细胞和CTL细胞杀伤活性;采用流式细胞仪检测荷瘤小鼠脾细胞中T亚群比例;用RT-PCR和Western Not方法分别检测荷瘤小鼠肿瘤组织Foxp3和TIM-3mRNA及蛋白的表达变化。结果荷瘤小鼠脾细胞中CD4^＋ CD25^＋Tmg比例高,并存在Foxp3和TIM-3 mRNA及蛋白的高表达,经双歧杆菌LTA和5．Fu处理后CD4^＋CD25^＋Tmg比例下降,Foxp3和TIM-3mRNA及蛋白表达水平也均呈下调趋势,但5-FU单独处理后的荷瘤小鼠脾细胞中CD4^＋细胞比例也减少,NK细胞和CTL杀伤率均降低,而双歧杆菌LTA处理后CD4^＋细胞比例,NK细胞和CTL杀伤率却明显增加。二者联合处理也能增加CD^＋细胞比例及NK细胞和CTL杀伤率。结论双歧杆菌脂磷壁酸联合5-FU可通过增强NK细胞和CTL杀伤能力,同时抑制TIM-3／TIM-3L途径,降低CD4^＋CD25^＋Tmg的免疫抑制活性,增强机体细胞免疫来提高化疗抗肿瘤效果,减轻化疗副作用,增强宿主对化疗的耐受性,从而提高抗肿瘤作用。     

双歧杆菌脂磷壁酸对B16荷瘤小鼠NK细胞受体NKG2D及其配体的影响

目的探讨双歧杆菌脂磷壁酸（LTA）对黑色素瘤B16荷瘤小鼠NK细胞受体NKG2D及其配体的影响。方法将黑色素瘤B16细胞接种于C57BL／6小鼠皮下,待触及肿块后于荷瘤小鼠皮下注射双歧杆菌LTA。采用MTT、流式细胞术（FCM）、RT-PCR方法分别检测经双歧杆菌LTA处理后B16荷瘤小鼠NK细胞杀伤活性、NK细胞NKG2D受体蛋白表达以及肿瘤组织内Rae-1、H60 mRNA表达的变化。结果与对照组相比,经双歧杆菌LTA处理后,B16荷瘤小鼠的NK细胞杀伤活性增强（P〈0．05）,NK细胞受体NKG2D表达明显增加（P〈0．05）,肿瘤组织Rae-1、H60 mRNA表达上升（P〈0．05）,并具有浓度依赖性。结论双歧杆菌LTA能够增强B16荷瘤小鼠NK细胞的杀伤活性,其机制可能与上调NK细胞受体NKG2D的蛋白表达和肿瘤组织Rae-1、H60 mRNA的表达有关。     

纳米中药对S180荷瘤小鼠肠道菌群影响的研究及其防治作用

目的研究纳米中药对S180荷瘤小鼠肠道菌群的影响及其抑制作用。方法将S180荷瘤瘤株以2×105/(0.2 m l.鼠)用注射器接种于小鼠右前肢腋下,建立实体瘤模型,肿瘤发生率为100%。观察小鼠的一般状态,用梯度稀释法和培养法测定小鼠4种肠道正常菌群,即乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌、肠球菌、肠杆菌。用电子天平称瘤重并计算瘤抑制率。病理行HE(苏木精-伊红)染色,在光学显微镜下观察。结果与模型组比较,纳米中药组双歧杆菌和乳酸杆菌数量明显升高,肠球菌和肠杆菌数量明显减少,肿瘤坏死因子数量增加,抑瘤率达64%,病理显示肿瘤组织间坏死灶明显,有大量的炎性细胞浸润。结论纳米中药提高机体免疫屏障功能,增强药物的靶向性,扶植机体正常菌群的生长,实现抗肿瘤的目的。     

口服短小双歧杆菌活菌制剂对机体免疫功能的增强效应

探讨短小双歧杆菌（Bifidobacteriumbreve）对正常机体免疫功能的影响及对免疫低功机体的免疫功能调整作用。以环磷酰胺制备免疫低功模型,检测活菌制剂应用后,小鼠巨噬细胞吞噬功能,自然杀伤（NK）细胞杀伤活性,特异性抗体产生能力及IL—2诱生活性等指标的变化。结果表明短小双歧杆菌活菌制剂口服后可显著提高小鼠巨噬细胞吞噬功能,NK细胞杀伤活性,特异性抗体产生能力3项指标,IL—2诱生活性与对照组相比有一定提高,但差异无显著性。结果提示短小双歧杆菌对提高正常机体的免疫功能,对免疫低功机体有明显的调整作用。     

人工合成胸腺肽α1对正常小鼠和免疫抑制荷瘤小鼠的免疫调节作用

目的:本研究通过对正常小鼠和免疫抑制荷瘤小鼠皮下注射人工合成胸腺肽α1 (sTα1).方法:检测各组小鼠淋巴细胞亚群比率、T淋巴细胞增殖数量和脾细胞细胞因子的表达水平三个指标,来判定sTα1对小鼠免疫功能的影响.结果:sTα1可提高小鼠外周血CD4+T细胞比率、降低CD8+T细胞比率,使CD4+/CD8+的T细胞比率增加.sTα1能明显加强正常小鼠、环丙酰胺(CTX)免疫抑制小鼠和荷瘤+CTX免疫抑制小鼠的脾淋巴细胞的增殖(P＜0.5),明显促进正常小鼠及各免疫抑制组小鼠脾细胞细胞因子mIL-2和mIFNγ释放(P＜0.5).结论:sTα1可促进T细胞的快速成熟,活化T细胞,纠正了荷瘤和化疗药物产生的免疫抑制作用,有效刺激免疫系统,促进Th1型细胞免疫反应.     

双歧杆菌总DNA对小鼠IL-2、NK活性影响的研究

目的　从双歧杆菌、大肠杆菌提取 DNA,用 DNA免疫小鼠 ,观察免疫功能的变化 ,探讨双歧杆菌 DNA对小鼠免疫功能的影响 ,并作对比研究。方法　肌肉注射提取的双歧杆菌 DNA、大肠杆菌 DNA,颈椎处死后 ,检测脾细胞的免疫功能 ,同时提取 IEL细胞与 DNA共孵育 ,检测它对 IEL细胞的激活情况及细胞因子产生情况 ,以自然杀伤细胞 (NK)活性 ,白细胞介素 2 (IL - 2 )产生能力为指标 ,测定小鼠上述各项指标变化。结果　双歧杆菌 DNA、大肠杆菌 DNA肌肉注射后 ,小鼠以上两项指标与相应对照组相比较均明显提高 (P<0 .0 5 )。双歧杆菌 DNA提高小鼠 NK活性与 IL - 2水平程度大于大肠杆菌 DNA的作用(P<0 .0 1)。结论　双歧杆菌 DNA可快速激活 NK活性 ,提高体内 IL - 2水平。其效能优于大肠杆菌DNA。     

双歧杆菌及中药对小鼠血中抗氧化酶,T3,TSH和吞噬细胞功能的影响

本文用双歧杆菌、中药及复方双歧杆菌制剂饲喂ＢＡＬＢ／ｃ小鼠,发现中药及复方双歧杆菌制剂对老龄鼠血中ＳＯＤ、ＧＳＨ—Ｐｘ活性有明显增高作用,而对ＬＰＯ含量有明显减低作用,双歧杆菌及复方双歧杆菌能增强ＢＡＬＢ／ｃ小鼠内分泌功能及免疫功能,本试验中尚发现双歧杆菌与中药制成的复方双歧杆菌制剂能明显协同促进ＧＳＨ—Ｐｘ及吞噬细胞功能。说明双歧杆菌与一些传统补益类中药具有协同抗衰老作用。     

双歧杆菌及其WPG对S180荷瘤小鼠免疫调节和抑瘤的作用研究

目的 通过观察双歧杆菌及其细胞壁肽多糖（Cell Wall Preparation,whole peptidoglycon,WPG)对S180荷瘤小鼠抑瘤作用及在体内外对IL－6和TNF－α生态的影响,探讨双歧杆菌及其WOG的免疫调节和抑瘤作用机制。方法 采用经驯化而具有一定耐氧能力的两歧双歧杆菌C149株及其WPG腹腔免疫S180荷瘤小鼠,应用放射免疫检测小鼠外周血中的IL－6和TNF－α的含量,同时在体外观察小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞产生IL－6和TNF－α的影响。结果 双歧杆菌及其WPG在体内外对IL－6和TNF－α的生成有明显的促进作用,对S180荷瘤小鼠均有明显抑瘤作用。结论 双歧杆菌及其WPG可能通过刺激小鼠的巨噬细胞产生一些免疫活性因子而间接发挥抑瘤作用。     

Opposing roles for complement component c5a in tumor progression and the tumor microenvironment

Promoting complement (C) activation may enhance immunological mechanisms of anti-tumor Abs for tumor destruction. However, C activation components, such as C5a, trigger inflammation, which can promote tumor growth. We addressed the role of C5a on tumor growth by transfecting both human carcinoma and murine lymphoma with mouse C5a. In vitro growth kinetics of C5a, control vector, or parental cells revealed no significant differences. Tumor-bearing mice with C5a-transfected xenografted tumor cells had significantly less tumor burden as compared with control vector tumors. NK cells and macrophages infiltrated C5a-expressing tumors with significantly greater frequency, whereas vascular endothelial growth factor, arginase, and TNF-α production were significantly less. Tumor-bearing mice with high C5a-producing syngeneic lymphoma cells had significantly accelerated tumor progression with more Gr-1(+)CD11b(+) myeloid cells in the spleen and overall decreased CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in the tumor, tumor-draining lymph nodes, and the spleen. In contrast, tumor-bearing mice with low C5a-producing lymphoma cells had a significantly reduced tumor burden with increased IFN-γ-producing CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in the spleen and tumor-draining lymph nodes. These studies suggest concentration of local C5a within the tumor microenvironment is critical in determining its role in tumor progression.     

IL－2／LAK对荷瘤机体细胞免疫功能的改善

本实验将ＩＬ－２／ＬＡＫ应用于荷瘤鼠,对荷瘤机体的细胞免疫功能（鼠脾ＮＫ细胞活性、鼠脾ＩＬ－２产生能力及腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能）进行动态观察。结果证实：ＩＬ－２／ＬＡＫ能在一定程度上改善荷瘤机体的细胞免疫功能,并能够有一定程度的阻抑荷瘤机体的细胞免疫功能降低。同时探讨了ＩＬ－２／ＬＡＫ在肿瘤治疗中,提高细胞功能的机理。     

消痰散结方对人胃癌MNK-45 荷瘤鼠机体HK-Ⅱ表达的影响

目的:观察消痰散结方对人胃癌MNK-45荷瘤鼠糖酵解相关蛋白己糖激酶-Ⅱ(HK-Ⅱ)表达的影响,探讨该方抗肿瘤机理。方法:30只小鼠随机分为生理盐水组、消痰散结方组和希罗达组,每组10只。建立人胃癌MNK-45皮下移植瘤模型。灌胃治疗六周后,称取各组瘤质量,计算抑瘤率和瘤体积。酶联免疫吸附测定法检测荷瘤鼠血清中HK-Ⅱ的水平;免疫组化方法检测瘤组织中HK-Ⅱ蛋白的表达;结果:消痰散结方可明显抑制裸鼠人胃癌MNK-45皮下移植瘤生长,下调荷瘤鼠血清及瘤组织中HK-Ⅱ表达水平。结论:降低荷瘤鼠血清和组织中HK-Ⅱ的表达,抑制荷瘤鼠机体糖代谢过程可能是该方抗肿瘤作用的机制之一。     

N-CWS灌胃对小鼠移植性肿瘤及免疫功能的影响

为了考察红色诺卡氏菌细胞壁骨架(Nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton,N-CWS)灌胃给药对小鼠的体内抑瘤效应及其免疫调节作用,采用小鼠肉瘤S_(180)的移植性肿瘤模型,检测N-CWS灌胃给药的抑瘤活性;同时观察N-CWS体内细胞毒作用和对正常小鼠的毒性、免疫器官重量、巨噬细胞(MΦ)吞噬功能及脾淋巴细胞转化的影响.结果显示,小鼠灌服N-CWS的LD_(50)＞1.2 g/kg;N-CWS 200、400、800 mg/kg剂量灌胃小鼠对S_(180)有明显的抑制作用,其抑瘤率分别为63.33%、71.11%、64.88%;与对照组比较,N-CWS可增加免疫器官重量和提升外周血白细胞数量、能明显提高小鼠MΦ的吞噬活性及显著提高淋巴细胞转化率(P＜0.05),同时N-CWS激活了的MΦ对肿瘤细胞的细胞毒效应亦明显增强(P＜0.05).因此N-CWS适用于口服给药,对小鼠移植性肿瘤有明显的抑制作用,其抗肿瘤作用可能与增强机体免疫功能有关.     

大豆异黄酮对MMTV-erbB-2 转基因小鼠乳腺肿瘤中MMP-2 和TIMP-2 表达影响的研究

目的:利用MMTV-erbB-2转基因小鼠,探讨食物中大豆异黄酮对MMTV-erbB-2转基因小鼠乳腺肿瘤发生发展的影响。方法:选择健康雌性MMTV-erbB-2转基因小鼠60只,随机分为实验组(自鼠龄四周起喂养含有大豆异黄酮的豆饲料和对照组(喂养不含大豆异黄酮的普通饲料)。观察两组小鼠生长情况,观察各组小鼠乳腺肿瘤的发病率和潜伏期、记录肿瘤生长情况,并通过HE染色观察其病理类型,免疫组织化学染色SP法检测各组小鼠乳腺癌组织及正常乳腺组织中MMP-2和TIMP-2的表达并分析其关系。结果:豆饲料干预组,普通饲料干预组小鼠乳腺肿瘤的发瘤率分别为36.7%,66.7%,豆饲料干预组小鼠乳腺肿瘤发瘤率与对照饲料干预组相比明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。小鼠肿瘤多生长在第2-3对乳腺上,两组小鼠乳腺肿瘤最大平均直径及潜伏期相比较差异无统计学意义。两实验组小鼠乳腺肿瘤组织经HE染色后全部确定为乳腺癌组织。两实验组小鼠乳腺肿瘤组织中MMP-2和TIMP-2表达均高于正常乳腺组织,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),MMP-2和TIMP-2在乳腺肿瘤组织中表达呈负相关,在正常乳腺组织中表达无相关性。MMP-2在豆饲料干预组,普通饲料干预组小鼠乳腺肿瘤组织中的阳性率分别为83.3%,73.9%,各实验组阳性率相比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.888);TIMP-2在豆饲料干预组,普通饲料干预组小鼠乳腺肿瘤组织中的阳性率分别为33.3%,43.5%,各实验组阳性率相比较差异无统计学意义。结论:大豆异黄酮能抑制MMTV-erbB-2转基因小鼠乳腺肿瘤的发生,但其对小鼠乳腺肿瘤的作用与MMP-2及TIMP-2的表达无明显相关,具体机制尚待进一步研究。     

Quantifying the relationship between multiple immunological parameters and host resistance: probing the limits of reductionism

Although reductionist experimental designs are excellent for identifying cells, molecules, or functions involved in resistance to particular microbes or cancer cells, they do not provide an integrated, quantitative view of immune function. In the present study, mice were treated with either dexamethasone (DEX) or cyclosporin A (CyA), and immune function and host resistance were evaluated. Multivariate statistical methods were used to describe the relative importance of a broad range of immunological parameters for host resistance in mice treated with various dosages of DEX. Multiple regression and logistic regression analysis indicated that changes in 24 immunological parameters explained a substantial portion of the changes in resistance to B16F10 tumor cells or streptococcus group B. However, at least 40% of the change in host resistance remained unexplained. DEX at all dosages substantially suppressed numerous relevant immunological parameters, but significantly decreased resistance to Listeria monocytogenes only at the highest dosage. In contrast, CyA substantially decreased resistance to L. monocytogenes at dosages that caused relatively minor suppression of just a few immunological parameters (unfortunately, CyA data and host resistance data for L. monocytogenes were not suitable for multivariate analysis). These results illustrate that mathematical models can be used to explain changes in host resistance on the basis of changes in immune parameters, and that moderate changes in relevant immunological parameters may not produce the types of changes in host resistance expected on the basis of results from reductionist experimental designs.     

Alphavirus-based DNA vaccine breaks immunological tolerance by activating innate antiviral pathways

Cancer vaccines targeting 'self' antigens that are expressed at consistently high levels by tumor cells are potentially useful in immunotherapy, but immunological tolerance may block their function. Here, we describe a novel, naked DNA vaccine encoding an alphavirus replicon (self-replicating mRNA) and the self/tumor antigen tyrosinase-related protein-1. Unlike conventional DNA vaccines, this vaccine can break tolerance and provide immunity to melanoma. The vaccine mediates production of double-stranded RNA, as evidenced by the autophosphorylation of dsRNA-dependent protein kinase R (PKR). Double-stranded RNA is critical to vaccine function because both the immunogenicity and the anti-tumor activity of the vaccine are blocked in mice deficient for the RNase L enzyme, a key component of the 2',5'-linked oligoadenylate synthetase antiviral pathway involved in double-stranded RNA recognition. This study shows for the first time that alphaviral replicon-encoding DNA vaccines activate innate immune pathways known to drive antiviral immune responses, and points the way to strategies for improving the efficacy of immunization with naked DNA.     

参芝发酵产物的抗肿瘤活性及其对小鼠免疫功能的影响

为了探索红参水煎液的灵芝发酵产物对H22荷瘤小鼠的抗肿瘤活性及其对小鼠免疫功能的影响,通过体内抗肿瘤实验和增强免疫功能实验从抑瘤率、对免疫器官的影响指数、对非特异性免疫、体液免疫及细胞免疫的影响5个方面对该产物做了功能性评价。结果表明,在抗肿瘤实验中,参芝发酵产物高剂量组的抑瘤率达到51.65%,脾指数和胸腺指数均高于对照组和环磷酰胺(CTX)组;增强免疫功能实验中,3个实验的给药组小鼠和对照组小鼠相比都有显著性差异(P<0.01)。由此可见,将灵芝与人参在发酵层次上配伍具有显著的抑制荷瘤小鼠肿瘤生长及增强小鼠免疫功能的作用。     

Protective effect of bifidus milk on the experimental infection with Salmonella enteritidis subsp. typhimurium in conventional and gnotobiotic mice

The ability of Bifidobacterium bifidum from a commercial bifidus milk to antagonize Salmonella enteritidis subsp. typhimurium in vivo, and to reduce the pathological consequences for the host, was determined using conventional and gnotobiotic mice. Conventional animals received daily, by gavage, 0.1 ml bifidus milk containing about 10(9) cfu B. bifidum and germ-free animals received a single 0.1 ml dose. The conventional and gnotobiotic groups were challenged orally with 10(2) cfu of the pathogenic bacteria 5 and/or 10 d after the beginning of treatment. Control groups were treated with milk. Bifidus milk protected both animal models against the challenge with the pathogenic bacteria, as demonstrated by survival and histopathological data. However, to obtain the protective effect in gnotobiotic animals, the treatment had to be initiated 10 d before the challenge. In experimental and control gnotobiotic mice, Salm. enteritidis subsp. typhimurium became similarly established at levels ranging from 10(8) to 10(9) viable cells g-1 of faeces and remained at these high levels until the animals died or were sacrificed. It was concluded that the protection against Salm. enteritidis subsp. typhimurium observed in conventional and gnotobiotic mice treated with bifidus milk was not due to the reduction of the intestinal populations of the pathogenic bacteria.