Six new species of marine Tubificidae (Oligochaeta) from the continental shelf off Peru

Six species of marine tubifieids are described from the continental shelf off Peru. Two of them are members of the gutless genus Olavius Erséus, 1984 (subfamily Phallodrilinae). Olavius bullatus sp.n. possesses 2 pairs of large penial setae in voluminous copulatory sacs, tiny atria, and spermathecal pores in line with dorsal setae. Olavius crassitunicatus sp.n. is characterized by small atria with thin muscular layer, spermathecae with short ducts, opening dorso-laterally, and lack of penial setae. Four species arc members of the subfamily Limnodriloidinae. Limnodriloides busilicus sp.n. belongs to the appendiculatus-group (sensu Erséus). It is discriminated by somatic setae with subdental ligaments, and its voluminous elongate prostatic pads. Limnodriloides clavellatus sp.n. is distinguished from its congeners by a peculiar bulge in the cavity of each atrial ampulla, and spermatozeugmata imbedded in the walls of the spermathecae. Tectidrilus intermixtus sp.n. is similar to T. bori (Righi & Kanner, 1979); it is distinguished from the latter by having trisetal bundles in segment V or V-VI and by lacking copulatory glands. Marcusaedrilus peruanus sp.n. is characterized by nongranulated atrial ducts and bipartite spermathecae.     

Redescription of Grania monochaeta (Michaelsen), a Marine Enchytraeid (Oligochaeta) from South Georgia (SW Atlantic)

Enchytraeus monochaetus Michaelsen is redescribed as Grania monochaeta. It is distinguished from other Grania species by two main characters: its morphology of spermathecae, and its setal distribution, the latter being unique within the genus owing to the presence of dorsal setae in preclitellar segments.     

Four new interstitial species of marine Oligochaeta representing a new family

A new oligochaete family, Randiellidae, is established for R. multitheca sp.n. (from the continental shelf off the east coast of the U.S.A.), R. litoralis sp.n. (from Oregon, U.S.A.), R. caribaea sp.n. and R. minuta sp.n. (both from Guadeloupe and Martinique), all members of a new marine genus Randiella. The species are characterized by small single-pointed and somewhat sigmoid somatic setae, slender (generally hair-like) modified genital setae in segment X, sperm funnels in X (if one pair), or in X and XI (if two pairs), very simple male ducts lacking atria, clitellum over XII-XIII, and multiple spermathecae in VII and/or VIII.     

Taxonomic Revision of the Marine Genus Heterodrilus Pierantoni (Oligochaeta,Tubificidae)1

Marine tubificids possessing trifid anterior setae are morphologically and taxonomically reviewed, on the basis of material from the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Heterodrilus Pierantoni, 1902 is revised to include thirteen species, H. arenicolus Pierantoni, 1902, H. minisetosus sp.n.H. ascensionensis sp.n. H. queenslandicus (Jamieson, 1977), H. lacertosus sp.n. H. scitus sp.n. H. keenani sp.n. H. claviatriatus sp.n. H. subtilis (Pierantoni, 1917), H. jamiesoni sp.n. H. occidentalis sp.n. H. pentcheffi sp.n. and H. bulbiporus sp.n. The genus is briefly defined: marine tubificids with trifid setae in preclitellar segments (with H. subtilis as the only exception); paired spermathecae located in segment X; vasa deferentia entering apical, ental ends of slender, ciliated atria, which bear broadly attached masses of prostate glands; paired male pores, and generally with penial setae arranged in bisetal bundles. Heterodriloides gen.n. is established for H. quadrithecatus sp.n. distinguished from Heterodrilus by two main features: its spermathecae are located in XII, with a supplementary pair generally located in XI; and its vasa enter the ectal part of the atria. Giereidrilus gen.n. a third genus with trifid setae, is established to include Phallodrilus ersei Giere, 1979 and G. inermis sp.n. Both species have unpaired spermathecal and male pores, and their atria are not ciliated. Heterodrilus, Heterodriloides and Giereidrilus are placed in the subfamily Rhyacodrilinae Hrabě, 1963.     

Oligochaetes (Naididae,Tubificidae, Enchytraeidae and Alluroididae) of Guyana,Peru and Ecuador

More than 41 species in 23 genera of the microdrile oligochaete families Tubificidae, Naididae, Opistocystidae, and Enchytraeidae and the freshwater megadrile family Alluroididae have been identified in recent collections made in Peru, Guyana and Ecuador. Just less than 70% of our species records are new for one or more of these countries and one is a new, albeit tentative, generic record for the South American continent. About 16 species new to science remain to be described. One of these is only the second reported species of Brinkhurstia (Alluroididae) and possesses unusual, single, very elongate penial setae. All of our species records are pertinent to tests of different hypotheses about historical and phylogenetic relationships among organisms of northern and southern South America and North America. The species, including new ones, with limited distributions are of particular significance to such hypotheses.     

New species of the genus Trichodrilus (Oligochaeta, Lumbriculidae)

Five new species of the genus Trichodrilus are described: Trichodrilus longipenis. sp. n. T: rouchi sp. n. T. capilliformis sp. n. and T. angelieri sp. n. from hyporhcic waters of the Iberian Peninsula and France. and T. bonheurensis sp. n. from superticial waters of France. The new taxa contribute with some new features to an amended diagnosis of the genus: presence of modified penial setae, four pairs of spermathecae, hair-like dorsal setae and glandular pads in the epidermis.     

Neue Nerillidae (Archiannelida) aus dem Sublitoral der IMordsee und des Mittelatlantik (Nordwest-Afrika)

Bathynerilta marina gen. et sp.n., Bathychaetus heptapous gen. et sp.n. (both off the east coast of Scotland), and Afronerilla hartwigi gen. et sp.n. (off the coast of Mauretania) are described; all from the sublittoral. The main features of Bathynerilla marina are: 8 segments with capillary setae; parapodial cirri on each segment; without anal cirri. The features of Afronerilla hartwigi are: 8 segments with capillary setae; without palps, tentacles, and anal cirri; the parapodial cirri on segment 1 and 8 are absent. The main features of Bathychaetus heptapous are: a pharyngeal bulb with a pair of cuticulary jaw-like structures; 7 segments with capillary setae; parapodial cirri on each segment present; without tentacles.     

New and Little-Known Species of Deep-sea Tubificidae (Oligochaeta) from the North-West Atlantic

Eight species of Tubificidae are reported from deep-sea samples taken south of Massachusetts. Phallodrilus grasslei sp. n., with heavily muscular vasa deferentia, and penial setae, two per bundle, oriented with ectal ends obliquely pointing towards the anterior, and P. rostratus sp. n., with a long and narrow, snout-like prostomium, heavily muscular, tripartite atria, and small, hooked penial setae, about five per bundle, are described. Phallodrilus biparis Erséus, previously known only from off France in the north-east Atlantic, is reported and depicted. Taxonomic notes are provided for Adelodrilus voraginus (Cook), A. fimbriatus Erséus, Bathydrilus asymmetricus Cook, and B. atlanticus Erséus. The depth distribution of all eleven deep-sea tubificid species known to occur south of Massachusetts are briefly discussed.     

Phylogeny and origins of Enchytraeidae

Phylogenetic analyses of Achaetinae (Enchytraeidae: Oligochaeta) and other bisetate enchytraeids indicate that the achaetines include the earliest species of Enchytraeidae but that Achaetinae is not monophyletic. The earliest species of bisetate enchytraeid now extant are restricted to South America, Africa, and India. As this part of the enchytraeid lineage is ancestral to other enchytraeid taxa, it is suggested that Enchytraeidae may have arisen in South America or a contiguous Southern land mass.Less than 50% of the 11 genera of Enchytraeidae considered are supported by the results of these analyses as evolutionary or phylogenetic groups. Five are substantiated as monophyletic: Achaeta, Lumbricillus, Fridericia, Randidrilus, and Enchytronia. In addition to most of the achaetine genera, Marionina is shown to be in great need of revision. Its recognition is a continuing source of confusion to taxonomic resolution of Enchytraeidae.     

Cladistic analysis of the subfamilies within the Tubificidae (Oligochaeta)

A hypothesis of phylogenetic relationships within the family Tubificidae is presented, based on a Wagner analysis of morphological characters in the different subfamilies. Two major lincages are recognized. One, including the subfamilies Tubificinae, Telmatodrilinae and Limnodriloidinae, is supported by a synapomorphic ability to form slender spermatozeugmata in the spermathecae; the other, including Rhyacodrilinae (paraphyletic), Phallodrilinae, and the (present family) Naididae, is supported by two synapomorphics, the possession of modified penial setae and numerous coelomocytes (the latter secondarily lost in the Phallodrilinae). Some implications for the classification of the Tubificidae are discussed.     

Terrestrial Enchytraeidae (Oligochaeta) and Parergodrilidae (Polychaeta) from Sweden, with description of a new enchytraeid species

Forty-four cnchytraeid species and one parergodrilid species are reportcd from terrestrial habitats in Sweden. Eighteen of the Enchytraeidae are ncw records, including Achueta bifollicula sp.n. Thc new species has 4046 segments; dorsal sctal follicles; follicle-like bodics vcntrally at IV and V; clitellum dorsally interrupted, with fields of hyaline cells; three pairs of primary septa1 glands, and one pair of secondary ones behind 5/6; dorsal blood vessel originating in VII; anteclitellar nephridia in three pairs at 6/7-8/9; long, large spermathecae reaching to X-XII; sperm funnels with a 1ength:width ratio G7:l; seminal vesicles extending through three scgments. The usefulness of the clitellar structure of A chaeta species as a taxonomic critcrion is discussed.     

A new species of Procolobomatus Castro Romero, 1994 (Copepoda: Philichthyidae) endoparasitic in a deepwater longtail red snapper (Actinopterygii: Lutjanidae) off Ishigaki Island, Japan, with records of philichthyid copepods reported from Asian waters

A new species of the Philichthyidae Vogt, 1877 (Copepoda: Poecilostomatoida), Procolobomatus hoi n. sp., is described based on adult female specimens recovered from the cephalic sensory canals of Etelis coruscans Valenciennes (Actinopterygii: Lutjanidae) caught off Ishigaki Island, the Ryukyu Islands, southern Japan. The new species differs from its congeners by having the following combination of characters: a long medial cephalic lobe about one-third the length of the body; an armature of five spines on the distal exopodal segment of leg 2; one long apical seta on the papillose leg 4; a caudal ramus armed with one medial and four terminal setae (two middle setae are inflated); and spinulose ornamentation covering the body. Procolobomatus hoi n. sp. is the first member of the genus reported from the western Pacific Ocean and from a host of the family Lutjanidae. Previous records of philichthyid copepods from Asian waters are also reported.     

A new species of Pseudomacrochiron Reddiah, 1969 (Crustacea: Copepoda: Macrochironidae) associated with scyphistomae of the moon jellyfish Aurelia sp. (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa) off Japan

A new species of the Macrochironidae Humes & Boxshall, 1996 (Copepoda: Cyclopoida), Pseudomacrochiron aureliae n. sp., is described based on adult specimens extracted from the gastrovacular cavity of the scyphistomae of Aurelia sp. (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa) collected in the Seto Inland Sea and Ise Bay off the coast of Japan. The new species differs from its congeners by having the following combination of characters: a caudal ramus with a length to width ratio of 3.1; an accessory flagellum on caudal setae II, III and VI; three apical setae on the maxillule; only setae I and II on the maxillary basis; two short spines on the female maxilliped claw (endopod); an armature of III, I, 4 on the terminal exopodal segment of leg 3; an armature of I, II, 2 on the terminal endopodal segment of leg 3; an armature of II, I, 4 on the terminal exopodal segment of leg 4; and a short free exopodal segment of leg 5 (length to width ratio of 1.4) armed with a long seta and short spine. P. aureliae n. sp. is the first member of the genus reported from off Japan and from the scyphistomae of its scyphozoan host.     

A preliminary study of oligochaetes in Poyang Lake,the largest freshwater lake of China,and its vicinity,with description of a new species of Limnodrilus

The oligochaete fauna of the largest freshwater lake of China, Poyang Lake, has never been investigated before. On the basis of a preliminary survey in the lake and its vicinity in 1997–1999, 25 species belonging to 20 genera and 5 families are recorded. Among them, one genus, Cernosvitoviella (Enchytraeidae), and two species, Bratislavia unidentata (Naididae), Potamothrix bedoti (Tubificidae), are recorded from China for the first time. Another tubificid, Limnodrilus paramblysetus sp. nov., is new to science. It is similar to L. amblysetus Brinkhurst et al., 1990 in chaetal shape but differs in having short hooded penis sheaths.     

Marine Oligochaeta of Jiaozhou Bay,Yellow Sea coast of China

Sixteen species of marine Oligochaeta (8 Tubificidae, 1 Naididae, 6 Enchytraeidae, 1 Megascolecidae) are recorded from the Qingdao area, at about 36° N on the Chinese Yellow Sea coast. Taxonomic remarks are given for most species, of which none appears new to science.Limnodriloides victoriensis Brinkhurst & Baker andEnchytraeus kincaidi Eisen, previously known from the Northeast Pacific, are described from Asia for the first time. These, as well asMonopylephorus rubroniveus Levinsen and aLumbricillus sp., are interpreted as members of a temperate fauna, while all the remaining species have previously been reported from Hong Kong (at about 22° N) and thus are regarded as subtropical/tropical forms in the Yellow Sea.     

Ultrastructure of the body wall of three species of Grania (Annelida: Clitellata: Enchytraeidae)

De Wit P., Erséus C. and Gustavsson L.M. 2011. Ultrastructure of the body wall of three species of Grania (Annelida: Clitellata: Enchytraeidae). —Acta Zoologica (Stockholm) 92 : 1–11. The body wall of three species of Grania, including the cuticle, epidermis and the musculature, are studied using TEM. The cuticle is similar to previously studied enchytraeids, with an orthogonal grid pattern of collagen fibers. This pattern is also seen in Crassiclitellata, which has been suggested as the sister taxon of Enchytraeidae. Variation of epicuticular and fiber zone patterns seen in Naididae (formerly Tubificidae and Naididae) seem to be lacking in Enchytraeidae. The fiber thickness, however, varies between Grania species and may be a phylogenetically informative character. The epidermis consists of supporting cells, secretory cells and sensory cells. Basal cells, typical for Crassiclitellata, were not observed. The clitellum of Grania seems to consist of two types of gland cells, which develop from regular epidermal tissue. It is possible that more cell types exist in different regions of the clitellum, however. The body wall musculature is arranged somewhat differently from that of closely related taxa; this refers to the reduction of circular and outer, triangular longitudinal muscle fibers, while the inner, ribbon‐shaped longitudinal muscle fibers are well‐developed. A search was conducted for the cause of the peculiar green coloration of Grania galbina De Wit and Erséus 2007, and it was concluded that neither cyanobacteria nor epidermal pigment granules were present in the fixed material.     

Two New Genera of Marine Tubificidae (Oligochaeta) from Australia's Great Barrier Reef

Macquaridriloides gen.n. is established for M. heronae from Heron Reef in Queensland, Australia. The species is characterized principally by its lack of spermathecae, and its elaborate male efferent ducts, each of which consists of (1) a ciliated vas deferens, (2) a ciliated and muscular atrium with diffuse prostates, and (3) a stout muscular, non-ciliar ejaculatory duct opening into a large copulatory sac surrounded by posterior prostates. The genus appears closely related to Macquaridrilus Jamieson, 1968, the habitat and zoogeography of which are briefly discussed. Heronidrilus gen.n. is established for H. fastigatus sp.n. and H. bihamis sp.n. both from Heron Reef. This genus is closely related to Macquaridriloides , but the two species differ from M. heronae in that they possess spermathecae and lack ejaculatory ducts.     

海南霸王岭发现库蠓属二新种(双翅目:蠓科)

2009年在海南霸王岭(19.0°N,109.0°E)的昆虫调查采集中,采获许多蠓类,经分类研究,发现其中有二种库蠓新种,分别命名为霸王岭库蠓Culicoides bawanglingensis Yu,Wang and Chen,sp.nov.和曲囊库蠓Culicoides reduncutheca Yu,Wang and Tan,sp.nov.。这2种库蠓属新种的模式标本珍藏于医学昆虫标本馆(北京丰台东大街20号,100071)。