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1.
Dinçer Ayaz Uwe Fritz Cemal Varol Tok Ahmet Mermer Murat Tosunoğlu Murat Afsar Kerim Çiçek 《Biologia》2007,62(2):225-227
Data on population size, adult sex ratio, body size and mass are provided for a population of the turtle Emys orbicularis near Pazara?aç (Afyonkarahisar/Turkey). Using the mark-recapture method (triple catch), a population size of 664 turtles was estimated (95% confidence interval, range 332–996), corresponding to a density of 83 turtles per hectare (range 41.5–124.5). The adult sex-ratio was significantly skewed in favor of males (2.02 males: 1 female; P < 0.001). Almost all recorded specimens were adult (98.1%). Mean straight carapace length (SCL) and body mass (BM) of adult turtles were: SCL = 128.65 mm, BM = 345 g for males (n = 168) and SCL = 135.37 mm, BM = 463 g for females (n = 83). 相似文献
2.
3.
Sperling JB Grigg GC Beard LA Limpus CJ 《Journal of comparative physiology. B, Biochemical, systemic, and environmental physiology》2007,177(7):779-786
Oxygen equilibrium curves and other respiratory-related variables were determined on blood from the flatback turtle (Natator depressus) and, for comparison, on some samples from the loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta). The oxygen carrying capacity of the flatback turtle, 4.9–8.7 mmol l−1 (n = 49), is at the high end of the range in diving reptiles. Oxygen affinity (P50) was similar in both species at 5% CO2, ranging from 37 to 55 mmHg (43 mmHg ± 5.3 SD, n = 24, 25°C, pH 7.17) in flatbacks and 43–49 mmHg in loggerheads (46 mmHg ± 2.0 SD, n = 7, 25°C, pH 7.13), whereas at 2% CO2, flatbacks had a higher oxygen affinity. The curves differed in sigmoidicity, with Hill n coefficients of 2.8 and 1.9 in flatbacks and loggerheads, respectively. The Bohr effect was small in both the species, consistent
with results from other sea turtles. Lactate levels were high, perhaps because the samples were taken from turtles coming
ashore to lay eggs. Flatbacks are rarely found in waters deeper than 45 m. It is suggested that they have a respiratory physiology
particularly suited to sustain prolonged shallow dives. 相似文献
4.
In Slovenia not much is known about the European pond turtle (Emys orbicularis) and its habitat use. The purpose of this work was to determine age structure of the Draga pri Igu ponds population using
the capture-mark-recapture method. For this purpose, we caught and marked 34 individuals and scored their age, gender and
12 morphometric characters. Turtles in the Draga pri Igu ponds became active in the period of late February to early March.
Hibernation started around the second half of October to the beginning of November. Mating took place directly after hibernation.
In April, individuals migrated from the hibernation (pond named “Veliki pond”) to the mating ground (“part of Srednji pond”).
The preferred egg laying place of the turtles is on the east side of “Veliki pond”, where also plundered nests were recorded.
Using radio telemetry, the hibernation site was located on the east side of the pond “Veliki pond”. The mean SCL of 4 females
was 183 ± 13.08; of 26 males, 137.89 ± 9.89; and 76.88 ± 1.25 of 2 subadult turtles, respectively. Almost half of all individuals
were old adults. 相似文献
5.
The breeding ecology of eastern olivaceous warblers Hippolais pallida is poorly known. In this study, we provide data on nest site selection and breeding parameters of the species in a population
in northwestern Bulgaria, the only one known to be regularly and heavily parasitized by the common cuckoo Cuculus canorus (hereafter cuckoo). Eastern olivaceous warblers only bred within human settlements of the study area, avoiding seemingly
suitable habitat outside them. Nests were built in a wide range of plant taxa but ailanthuses Ailanthus altissima and mulberries Morus spp. were most frequently used (21%). After taking into account the availability of vegetation, there was an apparent preference
for several plant taxa but not for mulberries. Mean nest height was 1.65 ± 0.98 (0.53–7.60) m, n = 217, and it varied significantly among different types of nesting substrate. Laying date and clutch size of first breeding
attempts averaged 10 June ± 0.98 days, n = 101 and 3.9 ± 0.07 (2–5) eggs, n = 72, respectively. Hatching success, fledging success, and breeding success were 42.5, 86.4, and 36.7%, respectively. The
main sources of nest mortality were predation and cuckoo parasitism, with no significant difference in the proportion of nests
lost to each. Cuckoo parasitism seemed responsible for the relatively low hatching success in this population. 相似文献
6.
The vertical distribution of a bloom-forming Microcystis population was studied based on the relevant limnological parameters obtained from the lower Nakdong River (Mulgum) during
the summer of 1994. Over three months (late June to late September), a high abundance of Microcystis population (mean ± SD, 2.9 ± 8.4 × 105 cells ml−1, n = 40) and algal biomass (mean ± SD, chlorophyll a, 131 ± 346 μg l−1, n = 31) was persistent throughout the entire water column (0–5 m, n = 11). The vertical distribution of carbon content was uneven, with a high concentration near the surface zone (mean ± SD,
total, 7.9 ± 7.8; Microcystis, 5.2 ± 8.3 μg C ml−1, n = 15). Incorporating limnological and meteorological factors, a diel study of the vertical distribution of Microcystis showed that the chlorophyll a concentration was highest near the surface zone on a calm night (wind velocity, <2 m s−1, 2300–700) but was evenly distributed on a windy day (>4 m s−1, 1100–1900). Among many possible factors, wind velocity may have played an important role in controlling the vertical distribution
of Microcystis in the lower Nakdong River.
Received: July 12, 1999 / Accepted: November 15, 1999 相似文献
7.
Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is the rate limiting enzyme in the hydrolysis of core triglyceride in chylomicron and very low density
lipoprotein (VLDL) thus affecting a broad spectrum of plasma lipid levels. In this paper, we investigated the association
of a HindIII polymorphism in the LPL gene with plasma lipid levels and carotid artery wall thickness measured by B-mode ultrasonography.
A total of 238 Caucasian subjects were selected from the Atherosclerosis Risk In Community (ARIC) study (male = 131, female
= 107) based on their fasting triglyceride and LDL-cholesterol levels: normolipidemic (n = 48), hypertriglyceridemic (n = 44), hypercholesterolemic (n = 36), and hypertriglyceridemic-hypercholesterolemic (n = 110) groups. We observed a marginally significant association between lipid phenotypes and HindIII genotypes (P = 0.04) in males, with the hypertriglyceridemic and hypercholesterolemic groups having a higher frequency (0.65) of the H+H+
genotype than the other two groups (pooled: 0.55). In males, there was also a significant association between HindIII genotypes and carotid artery wall thickness after considering the effects of age, body mass index, cigarette smoking,
lipid phenotype and diabetes status (P = 0.013), with the H+H+ genotype having a higher average value of carotid artery wall thickness (0.84 ± 0.15 mm) than the
other two genotype groups (0.76 ± 0.14 mm in H+H– genotype class, 0.75 ± 0.13 mm in H–H– genotype class). In females, no significant
associations among LPL HindIII genotype, lipid phenotype and carotid artery wall thickness were observed. These results suggest that the LPL HindIII polymorphism influences LPL-catalyzed, triglyceride-rich lipoprotein metabolism and carotid artery atherosclerosis in
a gender-specific manner.
Received: 28 December 1995 / Revised: 2 May 1996 相似文献
8.
Toshihiro Yokoo Kouki Kanou Masato Moteki Hiroshi Kohno Prasert Tongnunui Hisashi Kurokura 《Ichthyological Research》2006,53(4):330-336
Juveniles of three eleotrid Butis species (B. butis, B. humeralis, and B. koilomatodon) are described; their occurrence patterns were examined in Sikao Creek, a mangrove estuary located in southern Thailand.
Juveniles of each species were distinguished by the following characters: B. butis with no bands on body and pale pelvic fins; B. humeralis with no bands on body and densely pigmented pelvic fins; and B. koilomatodon with 5–6 regular bands on body and a fleshy process (preorbital knob) on the snout. Although B. butis shared the aforementioned characters with B. amboinensis found in the same estuary, the former was distinguished from the latter by having a greater number of pectoral fin rays (18–21
vs. 17) and a deeper caudal peduncle. Distribution patterns of the three Butis species in Sikao Creek were distinguishable from each other. Smaller B. butis [mean ± SD = 22.7 ± 16.9 mm in standard length (SL), n = 32] occurred in the upper reach of the estuary, while larger specimens (52.4 ± 26.2 mm SL, n = 18 and 51.5 ± 29.7 mm SL, n = 10, respectively) were found in the middle and lower reaches and none in the marine area. In B. humeralis and B. koilomatodon, only juveniles were caught except for one adult specimen each. Juveniles (8.9–16.5 mm SL, n = 79) of B. humeralis occurred in the upper and middle reaches and the marine area. B. koilomatodon juveniles (9.9–13.7 mm SL, n = 30) were distributed in all areas from the lower to upper reaches. 相似文献
9.
Lon I. Grassman Jr Jan E. Janecka Sean C. Austin Michael E. Tewes Nova J. Silvy 《European Journal of Wildlife Research》2006,52(4):297-300
No published information exists on the chemical immobilization of free-ranging dholes (Cuon alpinus), binturongs (Arctictis binturong), or yellow-throated martens (Martes flavigula). We chemically immobilized these species in Thailand using a mixture of ketamine hydrochloride with xylazine hydrochloride
(KH–XH) and tiletamine hydrochloride with zolazepam hydrochloride (TH–ZH). Mean (±SD) dose of KH–XH was 18.1±5.3 and 0.9±0.1 mg/kg
for dholes (n=2), 19.7±4.1 and 1.3±0.4 mg/kg for binturongs (n=8), and 28.7±3.3 and 1.1±0.1 mg/kg for yellow-throated martens (n=5), respectively. Mean dose of TH–ZH was 4.1±0.1 mg/kg for dhole (n=2). Induction time, duration of anesthesia, and recovery time were satisfactory for standard field research procedures including
radio-collaring, although the effects on yellow-throated martens and binturongs were more variable. Respiration and muscle
rigidity were monitored during sedation with no observed adverse physiological effects. Individuals were released after full
recovery and monitored via radio telemetry for 4–23 months with no observed detrimental effects due to chemical immobilization.
We conclude that KH–XH and TH–ZH are safe and effective immobilization agents for these carnivores; however, we suggest testing
different KH–XH ratios and dosages, and other immobilizing agents for these species. 相似文献
10.
Data on zinc concentration in the human body may be used to interpret the results obtained in cases of chronic and acute poisonings
with zinc compounds, i.e., in clinical and forensic toxicology. In this paper, the concentrations of zinc in human tissues
and body fluids obtained from autopsy cases concerning non-poisoned people (n = 203), aged from 14 to 80 years, between 1995 and 2008, are presented. The following values were found by the flame atomic
absorption method (mean ± SD, median, range, in microgram per gram or microgram per milliliter): brain 10.3 ± 1.36, 10.2,
7.99–13.8 (n = 48); stomach 14.2 ± 3.63, 13.6, 8.00–22.5 (n = 71); intestines 15.7 ± 5.22, 15.8, 8.36–28.1 (n = 35); liver 39.6 ± 16.1, 36.6, 16.0–78.8 (n = 109); kidney 33.8 ± 10.1, 31.8, 16.4–60.9 (n = 93); lung 12.0 ± 3.88, 11.0, 6.13–18.7 (n = 26); spleen 14.7 ± 2.53, 14.6, 11.4–18.3 (n = 5); heart 26.5 ± 3.63, 26.7, 22.5–31.8 (n = 5); blood 6.81 ± 1.21, 7.00, 4.02–8.68 (n = 50); urine 0.69 ± 1.70, 0.60, 0.39–1.00 (n = 5), and bile 4.92 ± 1.64, 3.75, 3.20–7.09 (n = 9). The accuracy of the method was checked through the use of SRM Bovine Liver 1577b (certified: 127 ± 16 μg Zn/g, found:
117 ± 0.7 μg Zn/g (n = 6)). 相似文献
11.
Patrik Mráz 《Biologia》2006,61(1):115-120
Second part of commented chromosome number and DNA ploidy level reports from Central Europe comprising the whole Carpatho-Pannonian
region includes the data for following taxa: Tephroseris aurantiaca (2n = 96), T. capitata (2n = 64) and T. integrifolia (2n = 48) by J. Kochjarová from Poland and Slovakia (reports nos. 12–14); Urtica diocia and U. kioviensis (both 2n = 26) by M. Kolník & K. Goliašová from Slovakia (nos. 15–16); Viola hirta (2n = 20), V. odorata (2n = 20), V. reichenbachiana (2n = 20), V. riviniana (2n = 40, 2n ∼ 8x, based on x = 5), V. suavis (2n = 40) and V. × bavarica [V. reichenbachiana × v. riviniana] (2n ∼ 6x, based on x = 5) by P. Mereďa jun., I. Hodálová, P. Mártonfi & V. Kolarčík from Slovakia (nos. 17–22); Fallopia × bohemica [F. japonica × F. sachalinensis] (2n = 66), Thladiantha dubia (2n = 18) and Hieracium longifoliosum (2n = 36) by P. Mráz from Romania and Slovakia (nos. 23–25); Amsinckia calycina (2n = 34) by M. Perny & H. Šípošová from Slovakia (no. 26).
For further details and arrangements of reports see the first part (Mráz, 2005). 相似文献
12.
Kerry L. Nicholson Paul R. Krausman Adrian Munguia-Vega Melanie Culver 《European Journal of Wildlife Research》2011,57(6):1151-1163
Spatial and temporal interactions among individual members of populations can have direct applications to habitat management
of mountain lions (Puma concolor). Our objectives were to evaluate home range overlap and spatial/temporal use of overlap zones (OZ) of mountain lions in
Arizona. We incorporated spatial data with genetic analyses to assess relatedness between mountain lions with overlapping
home ranges. We recorded the space use patterns of 29 radio-collared mountain lions in Arizona from August 2005 to August
2008. We genotyped 28 mountain lions and estimated the degree of relatedness among individuals. For 26 pairs of temporally
overlapping mountain lions, 18 overlapped spatially and temporally and eight had corresponding genetic information. Home range
overlap ranged from 1.18% to 46.38% (
[`(x)] = \text24.\text43 \overline x = {\text{24}}.{\text{43}} , SE = 2.96). Male–male pairs were located within 1 km of each other on average, 0.04% of the time, whereas male–female pairs
on average were 3.0%. Two male–male pairs exhibited symmetrical spatial avoidance and two symmetrical spatial attractions
to the OZ. We observed simultaneous temporal attraction in three male–male pairs and four male–female pairs. Individuals from
Tucson were slightly related to one another within the population (n = 13, mean R = 0.0373 ± 0.0151) whereas lions from Payson (n = 6, mean R = −0.0079 ± 0.0356) and Prescott (n = 9, mean R = −0.0242 ± 0.0452) were not as related. Overall, males were less related to other males (n = 20, mean R = −0.0495 ± 0.0161) than females were related to other females (n = 8, mean R = 0.0015 ± 0.0839). Genetic distance was positively correlated with geographic distance (r
2 = 0.22, P = 0.001). Spatial requirements and interactions influence social behavior and can play a role in determining population density. 相似文献
13.
Matthew J. Witt Annette C. Broderick John W. Coker Michael S. Coyne Mark Dodd Michael G. Frick Matthew H. Godfrey DuBose B. Griffin Sally R. Murphy Thomas M. Murphy Kris L. Williams Brendan J. Godley 《Diversity & distributions》2011,17(4):624-640
Aim Although satellite tracking has yielded much information regarding the migrations and habitat use of threatened marine species, relatively little has been published about the environmental niche for loggerhead sea turtles Caretta caretta in north‐west Atlantic waters. Location North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia, USA. Methods We tracked 68 adult female turtles between 1998 and 2008, one of the largest sample sizes to date, for 372.2 ± 210.4 days (mean ± SD). Results We identified two strategies: (1) ‘seasonal’ migrations between summer and winter coastal areas (n = 47), although some turtles made oceanic excursions (n = 4) and (2) occupation of more southerly ‘year‐round’ ranges (n = 18). Seasonal turtles occupied summer home ranges of 645.1 km2 (median, n = 42; using α‐hulls) predominantly north of 35 ° latitude and winter home ranges of 339.0 km2 (n = 24) in a relatively small area on the narrow shelf off North Carolina. We tracked some of these turtles through successive summer (n = 8) and winter (n = 3) seasons, showing inter‐annual home range repeatability to within 14.5 km of summer areas and 10.3 km of winter areas. For year‐round turtles, home ranges were 1889.9 km2. Turtles should be tracked for at least 80 days to reliably estimate the home range size in seasonal habitats. The equivalent minimum duration for ‘year‐round’ turtles is more complex to derive. We define an environmental envelope of the distribution of North American loggerhead turtles: warm waters (between 18.2 and 29.2 °C) on the coastal shelf (in depths of 3.0–89.0 m). Main conclusions Our findings show that adult female loggerhead turtles show predictable, repeatable home range behaviour and do not generally leave waters of the USA, nor the continental shelf (< 200m depth). These data offer insights for future marine management, particularly if they were combined with those from the other management units in the USA. 相似文献
14.
We studied Japanese monkeys (Macaca fuscata) of the Shiga A1 troop at their sleeping sites in Shiga Heights, Japan, for 41 nights during 3 winters. Monkeys chose their sleeping sites
in Japanese cedars and in deciduous broad-leaved forests on non-snowing nights and in Japanese cedar forests on snowing nights.
We counted 399 sleeping clusters in which 2 or more monkeys remained in physical contact through the night and 43 solitary
sleeping monkeys, though monkeys did not maintain physical contact with others in the daytime. We found 397 clusters on tree
branches and 2 clusters on rocks. The mean size of huddling clusters was 3.06±1.22 SD. The cluster size (3.17±1.26 SD) at
lower ambient temperatures between −7 and −4°C was larger than that at higher temperatures between −2 and 4°C (cluster size
2.88±1.13 SD). Most clusters were composed of kin. Females kept close to related females in the daytime and huddled with them
at night. The highest-ranking male mainly huddled with his kin and his familiar females. Other males kept farther apart from
each other in the daytime, probably to avoid social conflicts. Through cold winter nights, however, such males reduced inter-individual
distances and huddled with other males. Japanese monkeys appear to recognize three types of inter-individual distances: an
intimate distance less than 1 m, a personal distance of 1–3 m and a social distance of 3–20 m; they change their inter-individual
distances according to social and ecological circumstances. 相似文献
15.
Nina Giotto Alain Laurent Nabil Mohamed Nicolas Prevot Jean-François Gerard 《European Journal of Wildlife Research》2008,54(4):539-547
Observations on the behaviour and ecology of the beira (Dorcatragus megalotis) were made during spring 2004 in a wild population discovered in 1993 in a low mountain range in the South of the Republic
of Djibouti. Spring was found to be both a birthing and a mating season. Beiras fed in the first and last daylight hours,
mainly on dicotyledons and in patches supporting trees and/or bushes. They spent the warmest hours of the day in the shade
of trees, or in rock shelters when the temperature became too hot. Observed groups (n = 56) ranged in size from one to five individuals (mean ± SD = 2.70 ± 1.49). Most of these groups included a single adult
male (62.5%) or no adult male at all (33.9%). The only encounter observed between two adult males resulted in the chasing
of one by the other. Furthermore, the mixed-sex groups including a single adult male seemed rather stable, and their members
used collective urination–defecation sites. From a behavioural point of view, the beira thus appears not very far from the
dik-diks (Madoqua spp.), but differs from them by a greater sociability between adult females and its type of habitat. 相似文献
16.
Ikonomopoulou MP Bradley AJ Whittier JM Ibrahim K 《Journal of comparative physiology. B, Biochemical, systemic, and environmental physiology》2006,176(8):775-782
We report for the first time the presence of a sex steroid-binding protein in the plasma of green sea turtles Chelonia mydas, which provides an insight into reproductive status. A high affinity, low capacity sex hormone steroid-binding protein was identified in nesting C. mydas and its thermal profile was established. In nesting C. mydas testosterone and oestradiol bind at 4°C with high affinity (K
a = 1.49 ± 0.09 × 109 M−1; 0.17 ± 0.02 × 107 M−1) and low binding capacity (B
max = 3.24 ± 0.84 × 10−5 M; 0.33 ± 0.06 × 10−4 M). The binding affinity and capacity of testosterone at 23 and 36°C, respectively were similar to those determined at 4°C. However, oestradiol showed no binding activity at 36°C. With competition studies we showed that oestradiol and oestrone do not compete for binding sites. Furthermore, in nesting C. mydas plasma no high-affinity binding was observed for adrenocortical steroids (cortisol and corticosterone) and progesterone. Our results indicate that in nesting C. mydas plasma temperature has a minimal effect on the high-affinity binding of testosterone to sex steroid-binding protein, however, the high affinity binding of oestradiol to sex steroid-binding protein is abolished at a hypothetically high (36°C) sea/ambient/body temperature. This suggests that at high core body temperatures most of the oestradiol becomes biologically available to the tissues rather than remaining bound to a high-affinity carrier. 相似文献
17.
Sompop Prathanturarug Noppamas Soonthornchareonnon Wongsatit Chuakul Yuwalak Phaidee Promjit Saralamp 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2007,43(3):275-279
Node and internode explants of Mallotus repandus were precultured on basal medium (BM: Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with 3% sucrose and 0.55% Agargel) for 0–18 d before
culture on shoot induction Medium (SIM: BM added with 4.44 μM of benzylaminopurine) for 4 wk. The cultures were subsequently
transferred to BM for 4 wk for shoot elongation. Node explants precultured on BM for 14 d before incubation on SIM were at
an optimum for shoot regeneration with the response rate of 95%, compared to a 21% response for the control without preculture.
Internode explants precultured on BM for 16 d responded with an optimal shoot formation response rate of 69%, whereas the
control response rate was 6%. The maximum shoot regeneration rates were 3.1 ± 0.3 and 2.7 ± 0.4 shoots/responding explant
in node and internode explants, respectively. This study demonstrates for the first time that shoot organogenesis can be induced
from internode explants of M. repandus. Furthermore, the results suggest that the explants need to acquire competence before shoot organogenesis. Rooting was obtained
by incubation of regenerated shoots on half-strength MS with 10.74 μM of 1-naphthylacetic acid for a week before culture on
half-strength MS for 4 wk. Regenerated plants were successfully transferred to soil. 相似文献
18.
Milagros López-Mendilaharsu Cecilia Lezama Anita Aisenberg Antonia Bauzá Laura Berrondo 《Marine Biology Research》2016,12(5):541-550
Marine Protected Areas are increasingly considered in coastal areas as an instrument to preserve threatened fauna and fragile habitats from the detrimental effects of human activities. For this reason baseline data are of utmost importance for the evaluation of the outcomes of ongoing conservation efforts. Along the Uruguayan coast, the area of Cerro Verde (declared protected since 2011) represents the most important foraging and development area for green turtles (Chelonia mydas). Between 2002 and 2009, a long-term capture-mark-recapture programme for green turtles was developed to gather data on demography, ecology and status of the species in the area. Turtles captured were juveniles ranging from 28.8 to 64.3?cm in length over the curve of the carapace (n?=?514), and results indicated a size-based habitat segregation. Tumour prevalence was 5.3% (n?=?27) and was positively correlated with carapace length. The mean body condition index was 1.25?±?0.14 (n?=?494). From the total number of tagged turtles 10.6% were recaptured during the study period. Green turtles showed high site fidelity; 81% of the turtles were recaptured within the same season and 76% were recaptured in different seasons but were found at the original capture spot. Mean annual growth rate was 1.6?±?0.9?cm year?1. The catch per unit effort of 2008 differed from 2009, higher in 2009, but also significantly different between capture spots. The present study constitutes a baseline dataset for future monitoring of green turtles in the area and provides valuable information for wider analyses of population dynamics in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean. 相似文献
19.
One hundred sixty-four adult male volunteers (29 controls [Group 1] and 135 combi drivers) enrolled in the study. The combi
drivers were divided into three groups as nonusers of either Maras powder or cigarette (Group 2), smokers (Group 3), and users of Maras powder (Group 4). Blood lead levels (BLLs) were analyzed by
atomic absorption spectrophotometer. BLL was detected as 2.8 ± 2.3 μg/dL in Group 1 (n = 29); however, it was 3.5 ± 1.6 μg/dL in Group 2 (n = 33), 3.8 ± 2.4 μg/dL in Group 3 (n = 62), and 3.9 ± 2.4 μg/dL in Group 4 (n = 40). BLL in Group 1 was found significantly lower than other groups (p < 0.05). The use of cigarette or Maras powder by the drivers did not give rise to a marked difference on the BLLs (p > 0.05). BLL of (combi) drivers was detected to be significantly higher than nondrivers; however, it was still under the
hazardous level of 10 μg/dL announced by WHO. Although there are publications reporting that usage of tobacco increases the
level of lead in blood, both smoking and use of Maras powder did not affect BLL markedly in our study.
Poster presented (the abstract section published in Congress Book) at the 7th Congress of Turkish Family Physicians, 23–26
May 2006, Cesme-IZMIR, Turkey. 相似文献
20.
Microplitis mediator (Haliday) a gregarious endoparasite was recorded for the first time fromAgrotis segetum (Schiff) in Ankara, Turkey. The female parasites found their hosts by responding to the faeces of the caterpillars. An average,
females laid 15.5±1.6 eggs in the bodies of their hosts. The newly laid eggs were elongated, oval in shape and 0.23±0.004
mm long and 0.07 mm wide. They hatched in 5, 4 and 3 days at 20±2°C, 25±2°C and 30±2°C respectively when maintained at 60–70%
R.H. and 14∶10 light∶dark regime. At the same temperatures, the larval stage lasted for 24.9±0.6, 18.2±0.4 and 17.1±0.5 days
respectively. The prepupal stage was completed in 2 days at 25±2°C, whereas the prepupal and pupal (cocoon) stage lasted 10.9±0.2,
7.0±0.1 and 6.2±0.1 days respectively at the temperatures mentioned above. The adults started mating and feeding shortly after
emergence. Female parasites started laying after one day, 7–11 hours and 5–7 hours at the temperatures stated above. At these
temperatures females lived for 10.8±0.2, 5.4±0.1, 4.6±0.1 days and laid on average 556, 484 and 363 eggs respectively, whereas
the males survived 10.5±0.3, 4.7±0.1 and 4.4±0.1 days respectively.
相似文献