脑特异性金属硫蛋白Ⅲ研究进展

金属硫蛋白Ⅲ（ＭＴⅢ）是富含半胱氨酸的低分子量蛋白,主要在脑内含Ｚｎ２＋神经元表达,与脑的发育过程有关。ＭＴⅢ可抑制体外培养的神经细胞生长和存活。ＭＴⅢ与Ｚｎ２＋的结合有相对特异性,可能影响依赖于Ｚｎ２＋的一系列生物活动。ＡＤ患者脑内ＭＴⅢ表达减少,敲除ＭＴⅢ基因的小鼠对红藻氨酸诱发癫痫更敏感,提示ＭＴⅢ可能在某些脑变性疾病过程中发挥作用     

金属硫蛋白—3研究进展

金属硫蛋白－3（MT－3）是近年来发现的一种脑特异性金属硫蛋白。本文综述了其在分布、蛋白结构及基因调控方面的特点;着重介绍了其在中枢神经系统中的功能及结构与功能关系的研究进展;总结了国外对其与老年痴呆症的可能关系的研究。     

锌7—金属硫蛋白与镉7—金属硫蛋白抗羟自由基保护线粒 …

制备了Ｚｎ７－与Ｃｄ７－金属硫蛋白。分离出大鼠心肌线粒体。用电子自旋共振自旋标记方法测定线粒体膜脂流动性及膜蛋白构象,运动性,分析了线粒体Ｃａ＾２＋－Ｍｇ６２＋－ＭＡＴＰ酶活性及＾４５Ｃａ摄入。羟自由基损伤使线粒体膜脂流动性下降,膜蛋白构象改变及运动性降低,线粒体Ｃａ＾２＋－Ｍｇ＾２＋ＡＴＰ酶活性降低及＾４５Ｃａ的摄入活性下降。     

金属硫蛋白-ⅢmRNA表达与神经元缺血性损伤的关系

目的：探讨大鼠前脑缺血／再灌注后海马结构MT-ⅢmRNA表达变化规律及其与神经元缺血性损伤之间的关系。方法：建立前脑缺血／再灌注模型,用原住杂交法检测海马结构MT-ⅢmRNA表达,并观察缺血后各时相点海马神经元的病理变化。结果：①前脑缺血／再灌注后72h海马CAl区开始出现神经元变性,96h更为明显,7d时CAl区神经元多已坏死;②前脑缺血／再灌注后海马CAl区锥体细胞和齿状回颗粒细胞内MT-ⅢmRNA表达逐渐增加,96h达高峰,7d又降低至缺血前水平。结论：前脑缺血／再灌注后,海马神经元MT—ⅢmRNA表达增加,可能对神经元缺血性损伤产生影响。     

金属硫蛋白在医学上的应用

金属硫蛋白在人类的健康、疾病以及癌症治疗方面有着重要作用。ＭＴ可提高机体对化疗药物的耐受住并且作为辅助药物可减少化疗及辐射治疗的毒副作用;而ＭＴ基因的表达在很大程度上是肿瘤细胞获得抗药性的主要原因．此外ＭＴ在镉抑制肿瘤方面以及在ｗｉｌｓｏｎ氏病治疗中扮演了重要角色．ＭＴ家族新成员一生长抑制因子是Ａｌｚｈｅｉｍｅｒ＇ｓ病病理发生过程中的重要因素．本文将对ＭＴ在癌症治疗中的作用;ＭＴ在细胞抗药性方面的作用;ＭＴ在镉抑制肿瘤方面的作用;ＭＴ在Ｗｉｌｓｏｎ氏病治疗中的作用以及ＭＴ类蛋白一生长抑制因子的作用等五个方面的研究进展加以综述．     

金属硫蛋白的生理功能及其研究进展

金属硫蛋白的生理功能及其研究进展赵京山尹桂山（河北医科大学生化教研室，石家庄０５００１７）关键词金属硫蛋白生理功能检测方法１９５７年Ｍａｇｏｓｈｅ和Ｖａｌｅｅ在马的肾脏中发现一种富含Ｃｄ、Ｚｎ和半胱氨酸的低分子量蛋白质，随后Ｋａｇｌ和Ｖａｌｅｅ将其提...     

脑金属硫蛋白GIF及其功能研究

脑金属硫蛋白ＧＩＦ及其功能研究王文清,潘宪明,刘杰（北京大学技术物理系１００８７１）（美国Ｋａｎｓａｓ医学中心）近年来在正常人脑皮层中发现了一种新的金属硫蛋白异构体,称ＧＩＦ（Ｇｆ。Ｗｔｈｌｎｈｉｂｉ－ｔｏｒｙＦａｃｔｏｒ,１９９１,Ｙｏｋ。Ｕｃｈｉ...     

林木金属硫蛋白研究进展

金属硫蛋白（metallothionein,MT）是一种低分子量、富含半胱氨酸残基的金属结合蛋白,广泛分布于自然界中。随着工业化的发展和环境污染的加重,导致土壤中重金属的积累加剧。林木的植物修复在清除环境污染中占有越来越重要的作用,林木金属硫蛋白的研究也越来越热,本文就其分类,功能,表达等特点进行综述,并对其研究前景进行展望。     

水生无脊椎动物金属硫蛋白研究进展

金属硫蛋白在水生无脊椎动物中分布广泛、容易被诱导,在水环境生态响应研究中具有重要意义。对水生无脊椎动物金属硫蛋白分类和特性、MT的诱导及影响因素、基因克隆与表达等方面取得的进展进行概述;并对其金属离子调节功能及其在水环境重金属污染监测、重金属污染生物治理和水产养殖等方面的应用潜力进行展望,提出研究中的不足和今后的研究方向。     

金属硫蛋白与肿瘤

近年来的研究发现,一些肿瘤组织的金属硫蛋白含量增加。致癌过程中ＭＴ的写表达与致癌素作用,癌基因激活和肿瘤迅速生长有关。ＭＴ的加旺表达也是细胞产生耐药的机制之一天肿瘤预防和治疗中,ＭＴ可保护细胞低抗重金属和烷化剂的致癌,致突变作用,ＭＴ还可用于肿瘤临床辅助治疗和用作肿瘤标志物。     

Overexpression of human metallothionein-III prevents hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in human fibroblasts

Incorporation of inter- or intramolecular covalent cross-links into food proteins with microbial transglutaminase (MTG) improves the physical and textural properties of many food proteins, such as tofu, boiled fish paste, and sausage. By using nuclear magnetic resonance, we have shown that the residues exhibiting relatively high flexibility in MTG are localized in the N-terminal region; however, the N-terminal region influences the microenvironment of the active site. These results suggest that the N-terminal region is not of primary importance for the global fold, but influences the substrate binding. Therefore, in order to increase the transglutaminase activity, the N-terminal residues were chosen as candidates for site-directed replacement and deletion. We obtained several mutants with higher activity, del1-2, del1-3, and S2R. We propose a strategy for enzyme engineering targeted toward flexible regions involved in the enzymatic activity. In addition, we also briefly describe how the number of glutamine residues in a substrate protein can be increased by mixing more than two kinds of TGases with different substrate specificities.     

神经颗粒素:一种脑特异性蛋白质

神经颗粒素(Neurogrann,Ng)是一种新发现的由78个氨基酸组成的脑特异性蛋白,主要分布于人类或动物的大脑皮层、海马和嗅球等脑区的神经突触后。作为Calpacitin蛋白家族中的一员,Ng是蛋白激酶C的天然作用底物及钙调蛋白(CaM)的储库。在生理状态下,Ng与CaM结合形成复合体,而在蛋白激酶C或氧化剂的作用下,Ng可被磷酸化、氧化及谷胱甘肽化等化学修饰,降低其与CaM的亲和力,从而参与对CaM及CaM-激活的蛋白酶,如CaM-依赖性NO合酶、CaM-依赖性蛋白激酶Ⅱ(CaMKⅡ)及CaM-依赖性腺苷酸环化酶的调节。同时,由于CaM-依赖性蛋白酶大多参与长时程增强(LTP)和长时程抑制(LTD)的诱导,并且Ng的基因表达和蛋白质合成与神经元的突触形成、分化同步,因此,Ng可能在学习、记忆、神经系统发育(可塑性)等生理性变化中具有重要作用。此外,一些研究表明,Ng还可能参与甲状腺机能减退、睡眠剥夺、衰老及脑低氧预适应等病理生理学变化所造成的神经系统功能的改变。     

红细胞生成素受体研究进展

红细胞生成素受体是促红细胞生成素的作用受体 ,属于细胞因子超家族的成员。近年来 ,由于其克隆表达技术的应用使人们在对造血机制、EPO的信号转导机制 ,及利用其受体筛选 EPO类似物方面的研究有了新的进展。本文综合近年来有关文献对 EPO受体的研究作一概括性介绍。     

Expression of neuronal growth inhibitory factor (metallothionein-III) in the salivary gland

Metallothioneins (MTs) are metal-binding proteins that have been regarded as intrinsic factors for protecting cells and tissues from metal toxicity and oxidants. Among the three major classes of MTs, MT-III is different from other MTs because it has neuronal inhibitory activity and is only expressed in the central nervous system. Recent studies, however, have confirmed that MT-III is also expressed in organs other than the brain. These findings not only indicate that MT-III has a much wider tissue distribution than was originally thought, but also suggest that it might have other unknown activities. In the present study, we examined the human salivary and thyroid glands and demonstrated that the MT-III gene is also expressed in the salivary but not in the thyroid gland. While salivary ducts showed intense immuno-reactivity with anti-MT-III, weak immunoreactivity was observed in acinar cells. This, together with the findings that some neuromodulators (i.e. nerve growth factor, etc.) exist in the salivary gland and that MT-III may participate in the transport in renal tubules, suggest that MT-III may have other functions than cytoprotection in the salivary gland.     

Protective effect of metallothionein-III on DNA damage in response to reactive oxygen species

Metallothionein (MT)-III is a member of a brain-specific MT family, in contrast to MT-I and MT-II that are found in most tissues and are implicated in metal ion homeostasis and as an antioxidant. To investigate the defensive role of MT-III in terms of hydroxyl radical-induced DNA damage, we used purified human MT-III. DNA damage was detected by single-strand breaks of plasmid DNA and deoxyribose degradation. In this study, we show that MT-III is able to protect against the DNA damage induced by ferric ion-nitrilotriacetic acid and H(2)O(2), and that this protective effect is inhibited by the alkylation of the sulfhydryl groups of MT-III by treatment with EDTA and N-ethylmaleimide. MT-III was also able to efficiently remove the superoxide anion, which was generated from the xanthine/xanthine oxidase system. These results strongly suggest that MT-III is involved in the protection of reactive oxygen species-induced DNA damage, probably via direct interaction with reactive oxygen species, and that MT-III acts as a neuroprotective agent.