抗水稻矮缩病毒的反义核酶及复制酶部分序列的合成,克隆及其水稻…

采用反转录－聚合酶链式反应方法（ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ）,在人工合成的引物引导下,扩增出水稻矮缩病毒基因组第一片段（Ｓ１）全长序列及第五片段的部分序列（Ｓ５Ⅲ）,将扩增的片段分别克隆到克隆载体ｐＧＥＭ７Ｚｆ（＋）及ｐＵＣ１９的Ｓｍａｌ位占上,并进行了序列测定,以此基础上,利用ＰＣＲ引入的方法将核酶序列引入到Ｓ５Ⅲ片段反义链上以构成反义核酶基因Ｓ５ⅢＲ,将Ｓ１片段５’端部分序列（Ｓ１－１）及Ｓ５ⅢＲ基因克隆的     

抗水稻条纹叶枯病毒核酶的设计,克隆及体外活性测定

为探索控制水稻条纹叶枯病毒（Ｒｉｃｅｓｔｒｉｐｅｖｉｒｕｓ,ＲＳＶ）设计合成了特异切割该病毒ＲＮＡ保守区及编码病害特异性蛋白（ＤｉｓｅａｓｅＳｐｅｃｉｆｉｃＰｒｏｔｅｉｎ,ＤＳＰ）基因的核酶,核酶基因的长度均为４０个碱基,用化学合成方法合成其正链及与其３＇－末端互补的１５个碱基引物,用ＴａｇＤＮＡ多聚酶合成其互补链。双链ＤＮＡ直接插入克隆载体ＰＧＥＭ３ｚｆ（＋）的Ｓｍａｌ位点。序列测定表明,克隆得到的核酶序列与设计的核酶序列完全一致。经ＳＰ６ＲＮＡ多聚酶体外转录得到核酶ＲＮＡ。当核酶ＲＮＡ与以同样方法转录得到的靶基因ＲＮＡ混合反应,可得到预期结果相同的切割片段,表明两种核酶在体外均具有特异性切割活性。     

抗水稻矮缩病毒的反义核酶及复制酶部分序列的合成、克隆及其水稻表达载体的构建

采用反转录－聚合酶链式反应方法（ＲＴＰ－ＣＲ）,在人工合成的引物引导下,扩增出水稻矮缩病毒基因组第一片段（Ｓ１）全长序列及第五片段的部分序列（ＳＳⅢ）．将扩增的片段分别克隆到克隆载体ｐＧＥＭ７Ｚｆ（＋）及ｐＵＣ１９的ｓｍａｌ位点上,并进行了序列测定。在此基础上,利用ｐＣＲ引入的方法将核酶序列引入到Ｓ５Ⅲ片段反义链上以构成反义核酶基因Ｓ５ⅢＲ,将Ｓ１片段５＇端部分序列（Ｓ１－１）及Ｓ５ⅢＲ基因克隆到植物表达载体ｐＲＯＫⅡ上,构建成水稻转化载体ｐＲＯＫ－Ｓ１－１＇及ｐＲＯＫ－Ｓ５ⅢＲ。     

tRNA-包埋核酶在HepG2细胞中的抗HBV活性

已知 ｔ Ｒ Ｎ Ａ 包埋核酶比裸露核酶在胎牛血清和 Ｈｅｐ Ｇ２ 细胞抽提液中有较高的稳定性 构建了 ｈ Ｃ Ｍ Ｖ 启动子驱动下的抗 Ｈ Ｂ Ｖ（ａｄｒ 亚型）的 ｔ Ｒ Ｎ Ａ 包埋核酶基因质粒,与携带 Ｈ Ｂ Ｖ 基因的ｐ１２Ⅱ质粒共转染 Ｈｅｐ Ｇ２ 细胞,用 Ｇ４１８ 筛选抗性细胞 分析稳定表达细胞中的 Ｈ Ｂ Ｖ Ｒ Ｎ Ａ, Ｈ Ｂ Ｖ 抗原合成和新生 Ｄ Ｎ Ａ 合成,表明ｔ Ｒ Ｎ Ａ 包埋核酶比裸露核酶有较高的抑制 Ｈ Ｂ Ｖ 活性．ｔ Ｒ Ｎ Ａ 包埋核酶和裸露核酶分别使靶 Ｒ Ｎ Ａ 减少 ８２％ ～８７％ 和 ７５％ ～８１％ ,抗原减少 ７３％ ～８０％ 和７０％ ～７４％ 以及新生 Ｄ Ｎ Ａ 减少 ７４％ ～７６％ 和 ６７％ ～７１％ 结果指出,核酶,特别是 ｔ Ｒ Ｎ Ａ 包埋核酶,对 Ｈｅｐ Ｇ２ 细胞中 Ｈ Ｂ Ｖ 表达和复制有明显抑制作用,可能作为 Ｈ Ｂ Ｖ 基因治疗的手段之一      

水稻矮缩病毒最外层外壳蛋白基因（S2）cDNA克隆,序列分析及其在大？…

从水稻矮缩病毒（Ｒｉｃｅｄｗａｒｆｖｉｒｕｓ,ＲＤＶ）中国福建分离物中克隆分离了最外层外壳蛋白基因（Ｓ２）全长ｃＤＮＡ并对其进行序列分析,结果表明ＲＤＶＳ２ｃＤＮＡ全长３５１２ｂｐ,仅含一个３３４８ｂｐ的阅读框架,编码一人含有１１１６个氨基酸的蛋白（Ｐ２）。与基因库中已知基因序列比较,发现它与日本ＲＤＶＨ株系相应片段的核苷酸和氨基酸同源率分别为９４．６％和９５．４％与轮状病毒ＶＰ２氨基酸序列有一定     

HCV5NCR转基因细胞模型的建立

缺乏合适的ＨＣＶ感染细胞及小动物模型,是抗ＨＣＶ药物研究和开发的主要障碍之一。建立一种ＨＣＶ５ＮＣＲ调控荧光素酶基因的转基因细胞模型,可为以ＨＣＶ５ＮＣＲ及Ｃ基因５’端为靶的反义寡核苷酸及特异性核酶等抗ＨＣＶ药物的评价及筛选创造条件。     

水稻sbe1启动子驱动的反义sbe-GUS融合基因在转基因水稻中的表达

为研究水稻基因启动子对外源基因在转基因水稻中表达的影响,构建了由sbe1启动子引导的反义sbe-GUS融合基因。经农杆菌介导,将不同的融合基因导入水稻中,定量测定转基因水稻植株不同组织中的GUS酶活力。结果表明,sbe1启动子可驱动反义sbe-GUS融合基因在转基因水稻植株的胚乳中高效表达,而在颖壳、胚和茎叶等组织中的表达活性较弱。证实sbe1启动子在驱动外源基因的表达上表现有明显的组织特异性。     

利用PCR技术行反义寡核苷酸体外抗丁型肝炎病毒基因组RNA中核酶的研究

设计一对ＰＣＲ引物,其中上游引物的５’端除目的基因外,还加Ｔ７ＲＮＡ聚合酶启动子序列,以质粒（ｐＳＶＬＤ３）为模板,通过ＰＣＲ扩增出带有Ｔ７ＲＮＡ聚合酶启动子序列的１３９ｂｐ的ｃＤＮＡ片段,它含有丁型肝炎病毒（ＨＤＶ）基因组ＲＮＡ中核酶（Ｒｉｂｏｚｙｍｅ）区的ｃＤＮＡ该核酶具有自身裂解功能,经测序发现该ｃＤＮＡ有２个碱基变异,以此ＰＣＲ产物为模板,通过Ｔ７ＲＮＡ聚合酶,转录出核酶的前体,并观察到其     

水稻条纹病毒病害特异蛋白的提纯及血清学特性

应用差别ｐ Ｈ 值沉淀蛋白质的原理,建立了水稻条纹病毒病特异蛋白（ Ｓ Ｐ） 的两种提纯方法。这两种方法都可以从病叶中提纯到大量的 Ｓ Ｐ,其粗提纯量分别为０ ．８ 和２ ．０ ｍｇ／ｇ 病叶。通过 Ｓ Ｄ Ｓ Ｐ Ａ Ｇ Ｅ 分离后得到了精提纯的蛋白,其分子量为２０ ．１ ｋ Ｄａ 。将粗提纯和精提纯的 Ｓ Ｐ 分别免疫兔子,制备出效价为５１ ２００ 和６ ４００ 的抗血清。将效价为６ ４００ 的高度特异性的抗血清用于研究 Ｒ Ｓ Ｖ Ｓ Ｐ 与 Ｒ Ｓ Ｖ Ｃ Ｐ 及同属的水稻草状矮化病毒（ Ｒ Ｇ Ｓ Ｖ） Ｓ Ｐ、 Ｃ Ｐ 之间的血清学关系,结果表明, Ｒ Ｓ Ｖ Ｓ Ｐ 的抗血清与 Ｒ Ｇ Ｓ Ｖ Ｃ Ｐ、 Ｒ Ｓ Ｖ Ｃ Ｐ 之间无反应,但可与 Ｒ Ｇ Ｓ Ｖ Ｓ Ｐ 微弱反应;而 Ｒ Ｇ Ｓ Ｖ Ｓ Ｐ、 Ｃ Ｐ 及 Ｒ Ｓ Ｖ Ｃ Ｐ 的抗血清与 Ｒ Ｓ Ｖ Ｓ Ｐ 之间都无血清学反应。结果证实了 Ｒ Ｓ Ｖ 和 Ｒ Ｇ Ｓ Ｖ 之间存在着进化上的亲缘关系     

植物抗毒素转化水稻和转基因植株的生物鉴定

用基因枪法转化了水稻（ＯｒｙｚａｓａｔｉｖａＬ．）６个材料的未成熟胚、成熟胚及胚性愈伤组织。质粒ｐＳＳＶｓｔ１和ｐＶＥ５＋是由葡萄中分离出的编码芪类合成酶的植物抗毒素基因与３５Ｓ或它自己的启动子组成。Ｇ４１８（１００～１５０ｍｇ／Ｌ）或潮霉素（５０ｍｇ／Ｌ）筛选后,经ＰＣＲ、Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎｂｌｏｔ或Ｄｏｔｂｌｏｔ分析证明的转基因植株共５４株。对转基因植株及其后代进行了稻瘟病和白叶枯病的抗性鉴定。初步结果表明,芪类合成酶基因可以提高转基因植株及后代的抗性。     

Partial cDNA Cloning and Nucleotide Sequence of Rice Dwarf Virus Genome

Rice dwarf virus (RDV) was isolated and purified from infected rice leaves with chloro form extraction, PEG precipitation and sucrose gradient centrifugation. Total RDV RNA ge nome was separated in the agarose gel and segments of RDV RNA genome were purified. The cDNAs of several segments were synthesized with oligo dT as primer. Through cDNA mapping, subcloning and sequencing, we have obtained partial DNA sequence of those segments. Here we report the cloning and partial DNA sequence of segment 8 from RDV RNA genome.     

Recovery of transgenic rice plants expressing the rice dwarf virus outer coat protein gene (S8)

 The coding region of the eighth largest segment (S8) of the rice dwarf virus (RDV) was obtained from a RDV Fujian isolate. It was then cloned into pTrcHisA for expression in E. coli and into vector pE3 for plant transformation. By using callus derived from mature rice embryos as the target tissue, we obtained regenerated rice plants after bombardment of the former with plasmid pE3R8 containing the RDV S8 gene and the marker gene neomycin phosphotransferase (NPT II). Southern blotting confirmed the integration of the RDV S8 gene into the rice genome. The expression of the outer coat protein in both E. coli and rice plants was confirmed by western blotting. The recovery of transgenic rice plants expressing S8 gene is an important step towards studying the function of the RDV genes and obtaining RDV-resistant rice plants. Received: 1 March 1996 / Accepted: 2 August 1996     

水稻普通矮缩病研究进展

水稻普通矮缩病（又称普矮病）,是由叶蝉传播的一类病毒性病害,近年来有扩散的趋势。该病在水稻上的发病症状表现为感病植株矮小、无效分蘖增多、根系发育不良、叶片僵直、不能抽穗,造成水稻减产和绝收,给粮食生产安全带来巨大威胁。主要就病原及其介体、病毒检测方法、基因工程及RNA干扰技术培育抗病性种质及品种筛选等方面对近年来水稻普通矮缩病相关研究进展进行阐述,为该病的深入研究特别是基因工程育种提供参考。     

利用转hpRNA基因水稻抗水稻矮缩病毒

具有发夹结构的双链RNA(hairpin RNA,hpRNA)能高效诱导转录后基因沉默的发生.以水稻(Oryza sativaL.)矮缩病毒(RDV)基因组中第八片段编码区128～754 bp的序列为臂构建hpRNA,并克隆到植物表达载体pROK-2上.通过农杆菌介导的方法转化水稻"中花11".Southern blot分析表明,共获得12株阳性转化体.用带有RDV的叶蝉(Nephotettix cincticeps)接种Tl代转hpRNA水稻,结果表明转基因水稻对RDV具有高抗性或表现为症状延迟.而相同序列的有义链的转基因水稻和空载体的转基因水稻表现为典型的RDV侵染症状.HpRNA在转基因水稻中对RDV高抗性发挥重要作用.     

Expression of Rice Stripe Virus Coat Protein Gene in Transgenic Rice Plants

Rice stripe virus (RSV) is a pathogen of rice stripe disease causing great damage to rice. The disease is transmitted by Laodelphax striatellus and three other planthoppers. RSV infects as much as 37 cereals including rice, wheat, maize and results in a significant reduction in yield in epidemic year. In order to develop efficient means of controlling the disease, authors have studied the amino acid composition of RSV coat protein (CP), synthesized and cloned the cDNA to CP, sequenced the full-length CP gene. Having inserted the RSV CP gene into plant expression vector pROK Ⅱ, authors transformed rice suspension culture via microprojectile bombardment and obtained transgenic plants expressing the CP gene. The suspension culture was initiated by inoculating yellowish, compact and embryogenic calli derived from seeds into suspension medium containing proline and maltose. After being cultured at 26℃ in the dark for about half a year, finely-dispersed and embryogenic suspension culture was estabolished. Before bombardment the suspension culture was evently applied onto three-layered filter-paper discs in a petri dish. CaCl2 and spermidine was employed to coat tungsten particle with plasmid DNA. 2.5 μl of coated particle was loaded onto bullet and each dish was bombarded three times. Immediately after being bombarded, the suspensions were cultured in modified N6 medium. 2 days later the suspensions were transferred to the same medium but containing G418, which were subcultured weekly. Being subject to G418 selection for two months, white and fast-growing clones were emerged from the brownish cultures. Green plants regenerated when the resistant calli were transferred to differentiation medium. The regenerated plants were firm enough to grow well in the greenhouse. 10 plants regenerated from G418 resistant calli were tested for their transformed nature by Southern blot using 32P-labelled CP gene as a probe. Among the plants tested, 2 plants showed clearly hy bridizing bands with a molecular weight corresponding to RSV CP gene. Western blot further demonstrated that RSV CP gene was expressed in transgenic rice plants. At present tests on the antiviral effects of transgenic plants by feeding plantphoppers infccted with RSV are being underway.     

转基因抗矮花叶病玉米的遗传、表达及抗病性研究

目的：研究目的基因在转基因植株及其后代中遗传表达的稳定性,以及目的基因表达与抗病性的关系,最终得到转基因纯合株系。方法：以采用花粉介导法将RDV运动蛋白缺陷型（RDV MP^-）基因导入玉米自交系478的转基因种子（T0）作为试验材料,对其或其后代进行潮霉素抗性筛选、PCR检测、目的基因表达产物含量测定、农艺性状筛选,以及田间接种病毒的抗病鉴定。结果：通过潮霉素抗性筛选从T0种子获得了11株疑似转化植株;对T1、T2、T3代转基因植株的PCR分析证实目的基因已导入玉米植株,并显示随着转化植株世代交替,目的基因可稳定遗传给下一代,且目的基因在待测材料中的检出比例也随着代数的增加而提高;目的基因表达量的测定结果为1．83-11．57ng／mg叶片鲜重之间;田间接种玉米矮花叶病病毒试验结果证明转化植株比对照植株的抗矮花叶病能力有了显著提高,个别株系在T1代的发病率就为0,T1、T2、B代转化植株的抗病性逐代提高,比临近对照的抗病性提高2～5级;目的基因表达量与植株（系）的抗病性显著相关,r=0．923,P〈0．01;入选纯合系的农艺性状也有较大变化,穗粒数比对照系增加约5％。结论：通过以上方法,可以筛选到转基因抗病玉米纯合株系。     

Rice dwarf viruses with dysfunctional genomes generated in plants are filtered out in vector insects: implications for the origin of the virus

Rice dwarf virus (RDV), with 12 double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) genome segments (S1 to S12), replicates in and is transmitted by vector insects. The RDV-plant host-vector insect system allows us to examine the evolution, adaptation, and population genetics of a plant virus. We compared the effects of long-term maintenance of RDV on population structures in its two hosts. The maintenance of RDV in rice plants for several years resulted in gradual accumulation of nonsense mutations in S2 and S10, absence of expression of the encoded proteins, and complete loss of transmissibility. RDV maintained in cultured insect cells for 6 years retained an intact protein-encoding genome. Thus, the structural P2 protein encoded by S2 and the nonstructural Pns10 protein encoded by S10 of RDV are subject to different selective pressures in the two hosts, and mutations accumulating in the host plant are detrimental in vector insects. However, one round of propagation in insect cells or individuals purged the populations of RDV that had accumulated deleterious mutations in host plants, with exclusive survival of fully competent RDV. Our results suggest that during the course of evolution, an ancestral form of RDV, of insect virus origin, might have acquired the ability to replicate in a host plant, given its reproducible mutations in the host plant that abolish vector transmissibility and viability in nature.     

The rice dwarf virus P2 protein interacts with ent-kaurene oxidases in vivo, leading to reduced biosynthesis of gibberellins and rice dwarf symptoms

The mechanisms of viral diseases are a major focus of biology. Despite intensive investigations, how a plant virus interacts with host factors to cause diseases remains poorly understood. The Rice dwarf virus (RDV), a member of the genus Phytoreovirus, causes dwarfed growth phenotypes in infected rice (Oryza sativa) plants. The outer capsid protein P2 is essential during RDV infection of insects and thus influences transmission of RDV by the insect vector. However, its role during RDV infection within the rice host is unknown. By yeast two-hybrid and coimmunoprecipitation assays, we report that P2 of RDV interacts with ent-kaurene oxidases, which play a key role in the biosynthesis of plant growth hormones gibberellins, in infected plants. Furthermore, the expression of ent-kaurene oxidases was reduced in the infected plants. The level of endogenous GA1 (a major active gibberellin in rice vegetative tissues) in the RDV-infected plants was lower than that in healthy plants. Exogenous application of GA3 to RDV-infected rice plants restored the normal growth phenotypes. These results provide evidence that the P2 protein of RDV interferes with the function of a cellular factor, through direct physical interactions, that is important for the biosynthesis of a growth hormone leading to symptom expression. In addition, the interaction between P2 and rice ent-kaurene oxidase-like proteins may decrease phytoalexin biosynthesis and make plants more competent for virus replication. Moreover, P2 may provide a novel tool to investigate the regulation of GA metabolism for plant growth and development.     

Disruption of a novel gene for a NAC-domain protein in rice confers resistance to Rice dwarf virus

Rice dwarf virus (RDV) is a serious viral pest that is transmitted to rice plants ( Oryza sativa L.) by leafhoppers and causes a dwarfism in infected plants. To identify host factors involved in the multiplication of RDV, we screened Tos17 insertion mutant lines of rice for mutants with reduced susceptibility to RDV. One mutant, designated rim1-1 , did not show typical disease symptoms upon infection with RDV. The accumulation of RDV capsid proteins was also drastically reduced in inoculated rim1-1 mutant plants. Co-segregation and complementation analyses revealed that the rim1-1 mutation had been caused by insertion of Tos17 in an intron of a novel NAC gene. The rim1-1 mutant remained susceptible to the two other viruses tested, one of which is also transmitted by leafhoppers, suggesting that the multiplication rather than transmission of RDV is specifically impaired in this mutant. We propose that RIM1 functions as a host factor that is required for multiplication of RDV in rice.