浙江和河北发生的一种水稻、小麦、玉米矮缩病是水稻黑条矮缩病毒引起的

以浙江省的水稻黑条矮缩病和河北省的玉米粗缩病的病毒分离物为材料,对我国南北方两种病毒分离物进行了比较研究。两种病毒分离物的粒子大小形态相似,且在血清学上密切相关;二者的介体、寄主相同,并引起相同的症状,提纯两种病毒分离物的基因组片段凝胶电泳显示它们相应的基因组片段之间大小极相似。根据水稻黑条矮缩病毒（Rice black strecaked dwarf virus),RBSDV的S7和S8设计引物,利用PR－PCR技术,在两种病毒分离物中均可特异扩增到预期大小的片段,序列测定比较分析表明：它们的同源性达97．0％－98．9％,与日本RBSDV的同源性（92．2％－95．5％）高于与意大利MRDV的同源性（76．6％－88．4％）。从而认为我国南方的水稻黑条矮缩病和北方和玉米粗缩病都是同一种病毒－RBSDV引起的,也就是说我国北方的玉米粗缩病病原实际上是水稻黑条矮缩病毒,而不玉米粗缩病毒。     

小麦间期集缩染色质的超微结构研究

本文以普通小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)根端分生组织为材料,在透射电镜下对间期细胞核内的集缩染色质的高层次结构进行了研究。在其中观察到直径约为20—25nm、50nm及110—120nm 的不同等级染色线,并且发现直径110—120nm 的染色线是由50nm 的染色线组成的,而直径约50nm 的染色线是由20—25nm 的染色线组成的。对这三个层次染色质结构之间的集缩方式进行了讨论。     

浙江和河北发生的一种水稻、小麦、玉米矮缩病是水稻黑条矮缩病毒引起的

以浙江省的水稻黑条矮缩病和河北省的玉米粗缩病的病毒分离物为材料,对我国南北方两种病毒分离物进行了比较研究.两种病毒分离物的粒子大小形态相似,且在血清学上密切相关;二者的介体、寄主相同,并引起相同的症状.提纯两种病毒分离物的基因组片段凝胶电泳显示它们相应的基因组片段之间大小极其相似.根据水稻黑条矮缩病毒(Rice black streaked dwarf     

生物芯片研究进展

生物芯片是便携式生物化学分析器的核心技术,通过对微加工获得的微束结构作生物化学处理能使成千上万个与生命相关的信息集成在一块厘米见方的芯片上,采用生物芯片可进行生命科学与医学中所主的各种生物化学反应,从而达到对基因、抗原和活体细胞等进行测试分析的目的。生物芯片发展的最终目标是将从样品制备、化学反应到检测的整个生化分析过程集成化以获得所谓的微型全分析系统或称缩微芯片实验室。生物芯片技术的出现将会给     

蚕豆染色体集缩和解集缩过程中的螺旋结构

运用常规电镜技术观察到,在有丝分裂前期的集缩过程中,蚕豆(Vicia faba)染色体横切面为直径约0.5μm的染色质纤维形成的环状结构;染色体纵切面上存在着平行排列的0.5μm染色质纤维,它们与染色体长轴所成的角度近似直角。通过立体电镜观察可清晰辨认出这些纤维盘绕成的螺旋结构。在有丝分裂末期至间期的解集缩过程中,染色体横切面由环形变为“C”形。这种“C”形构造显示了染色体螺旋结构的解螺旋过程。在染色体集缩和解集缩过程中均可观察到0.5μm染色质纤维和直径约0.2μm的染色质纤维。本文讨论了放射环模型和多级螺旋模型。     

缩胆囊素受体拮抗剂对血浆缩胆囊素生物测定的影响

利用生物法测定了102例正常人空腹及进食二个油煎鸡蛋30min后血浆CCK浓度,结果分别为1.4±0.1pmol/L和4.9±0.4pmol/L(X±SE)。血浆CCK浓度不随性别和年龄而变化。本文研究了三种不同类型的CCK受体拮抗剂对CCK生物测定的影响。一组将L364,718(5.0nmol/L),丙谷胺(1.0mmol/L)或Bt_2-cGMP(0.1mmol/L)分别加入含8pmol/LCCK-8的人血浆,用SEP-PAK提取,另一组先提取血浆,于测定前向血浆提取物内加入上述拮抗剂,两组同时测定。结果显示,在有L364,718存在时仍可利用生物法测定血浆CCK浓度,如血中含有丙谷胺或Bt_2-cGMP则无法准确测定。     

PredSL： A Tool for the N-terminal Sequence-based Prediction of Protein Subcellular Localization

The ability to predict the subcellular localization of a protein from its sequence is of great importance, as it provides information about the protein＇s function. We present a computational tool, PredSL, which utilizes neural networks, Markov chains, profile hidden Markov models, and scoring matrices for the prediction of the subcellular localization of proteins in eukaryotic cells from the N-terminal amino acid sequence. It aims to classify proteins into five groups： chloroplast, thylakoid, mitochondrion, secretory pathway, and ＂other＂. When tested in a fivefold cross-validation procedure, PredSL demonstrates 86.7% and 87.1% overall accuracy for the plant and non-plant datasets, respectively. Compared with TargetP, which is the most widely used method to date, and LumenP, the results of PredSL are comparable in most cases. When tested on the experimentally verified proteins of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome, PredSL performs comparably if not better than any available algorithm for the same task. Furthermore, PredSL is the only method capable for the prediction of these subcellular localizations that is available as a stand-alone application through the URL： http：//bioinformatics.biol.uoa.gr/PredSL/.     

内皮素研究的进展（综述）

血管的舒缩足受神经、体液因素和血管壁内部的局部调节机制共同作用而实现的。从Furchgott等1980年发现内皮细胞源性舒张因子以来,人们开始把很大注意力放在内皮细胞在心血管系统功能活动中的作用的研究上。最近,研究人员从血管内皮细胞培养基上清液中提取到一种强烈缩血管肽,命名为内皮素(ET)。试验发现它具有强烈的缩血管作用。     

心脏收缩时间间期的多元回归分析

心脏收缩时间间期(STI)测定是一种简便易行的无创伤心功能检查法。70年代以来,不少学者致力于STI的基础和临床研究。但STI指标受心率、性别、年龄和血压等多种生理因素影响,使报道结果殊多差异,不同个体或样本间难以比较。本实验选择11个独立和复合生理变量为相关因素预选因子,用逐步回归法分析240名正常人的STI数据,得出了9个常用指标的最优回归方程,在较大范围内探讨了影响STI的因素。     

染色质集缩包装成染色体的过程和机制

染色质集缩包装形成染色体是有丝分裂的一个重要事件，它使母细胞的遗传物质得以平均地分配到两个子细胞中去． 本文综述了近年来在染色质集缩包装研究方面取得的进展， 参加集缩包装的几种蛋白质以及它们可能的作用方式．     

Preprocessing of tandem mass spectrometric data based on decision tree classification

In this study, we present a preprocessing method for quadrupole time-of-flight （Q-TOF） tandem mass spectra to increase the accuracy of database searching for peptide （protein） identification. Based on the natural isotopic information inherent in tandem mass spectra, we construct a decision tree after feature selection to classify the noise and ion peaks in tandem spectra. Furthermore, we recognize overlapping peaks to find the monoisotopic masses of ions for the following identification process. The experimental results show that this preprocessing method increases the search speed and the reliability of peptide identification.     

对国内生理学教材中几个内容的商榷

近年国内出版的一些生理学教材,有几个内容叙述不妥或有误,现提出与同道商榷。     

水稻矮缩病毒基因组第六号片段编码区的cDNA克隆及序列分析

从水稻矮缩病毒中国福建分离物的基因组中分离出第六号片段的双链ＲＮＡ,根据已发表的日本分离物第六号片段ｃＤＮＡ全序列合成了两个寡聚核苷酸引物,经过逆转录合成ｃＤＮＡ,应用ＰＣＲ方法扩增了编码区的基因序列,并将扩增产物克隆到ｐＧＥＭ３Ｚｆ（－）载体上。对重组子进行限制性酶切分析和ＤＮＡ序列分析证明,得到的是ＲＤＶ第六号片段完整的编码序列,进而构建了亚克隆并进行了全序列测定。结果表明,我们所扩增和克隆的     

Human proinsulin C-peptide from a precursor overexpressed in Pichia pastoris

In this article we report the production of human proinsulin C-peptide with 31 amino acid residues from a precursor overexpressed in Pichia pastoris. A C-peptide precursor expression plasmid containing nine C-peptide genes in tandem was constructed and used to transform P. pastoris. Transformants with a high copy number of the C-peptide precursor gene integrated into the chromosome of P. pastoris were selected. In high-density fermentation in a 300 liter fermentor using a simple culture medium composed mainly of salt and methanol, the C-peptide precursor was overexpressed to a level of 2.28 g per liter. A simple procedure was established to purify the expression product from the culture medium. The purified C-peptide precursor was converted into C-peptide by trypsin and carboxypeptidase B joint digestion. The yield of C-peptide with a purity of 96% was 730 mg per liter of culture. The purified C-peptide was characterized by mass spectrometry, N- and C-terminal amino acid sequencing, and sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Key words proinsulin; C-peptide; Pichia pastoris     

Recognition of signal peptide by protein translocation machinery in middle silk gland of silkworm Bombyx mori

To investigate the functions of signal peptide in protein secretion in the middle silk gland of silkworm Bombyx mori, a series of recombinant Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedroviruses containing enhanced green fluorescent protein （egfp） gene, led by sericin-1 promoter and mutated signal peptide coding sequences, were constructed by region-deletions or single amino acid residue deletions. The recombinant Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedroviruses were injected into the hemocoele of newly ecdysed fifth-instar silkworm larvae. The expression and secretion of EGFP in the middle silk gland were examined by fluorescence microscopy and Western blot analysis. Results showed that even with a large part （up to 14 amino acid residues） of the ser-1 signal peptide deleted, the expressed EGFP could still be secreted into the cavity of the silk gland. Western blot analysis showed that shortening of the signal peptide from the C-terminal suppressed the maturation of pro-EGFP to EGFP. When 8 amino acid residues were deleted from the C-terminal of the signal peptide （mutant 13 aa）, the secretion of EGFP was incomplete, implicating the importance of proper coupling of the h-region and c-region. The deletion of amino acid residue（s） in the h-region did not affect the secretion of EGFP, indicating that the recognition of signal peptide by translocation machinery was mainly by a structural domain, but not by special amino acid residue（s）. Furthermore, the deletion ofArg^2 or replacement with Asp in the n-region of the signal peptide did not influence secretion of EGFP, suggesting that a positive charge is not crucial.