旅游生态学与旅游目的地的可持续发展

旅游生态学与旅游目的地的可持续发展吴必虎（华东师范大学旅游学系,上海２０００６２）ＴｏｕｒｉｓｔＥｃｏｌｏｇｙａｎｄＳｕｓｔａｉｎａｂｌｅＤｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｏｆＴｏｕｒｉｓｔＤｅｓｔｉｎａｔｉｏｎｓ．ＷｕＢｉｈｕ（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＴｏｕｒ...     

Drosophila auraria复合种的进化遗传学研究—支序分析与数值分析（上）

以Ｄｒｏｓｏｐｈｉｌａａｕｒａｒｉａ复合种（Ｄｒｏｓｏｐｈｉｌａａｕｒａｒｉａｓｐｅｃｉｅｓｃｏｍｐｌｅｘ）的５个姐妹种Ｄ．ａｕｒａｒｉａ（Ａ）,Ｄ．ｂｉａｕｒａｒｉａ（Ｂ）,Ｄ．ｔｒｉａｕｒａｒｉａ（Ｔ）,Ｄ．ｓｕｂａｕｒａｒｉａ（ｓ）和Ｄ．ｑｕａｄｒａｒｉａ（ｑ）的１７个地理种群,及４个对照种的５个地理种群为材料,用聚丙烯酰胺等民聚焦电泳（ＩＥＦ）技术,分析了１８种同工酶及成虫总蛋白的电泳图谱     

我国南海海龟资源的调查与保护研究现状与展望

我国南海海龟资源的调查与保护研究现状与展望王亚民（中华人民共和国农业部水产司,北京１０００２６）ＡｃｈｉｅｖｅｍｅｎｔａｎｄＰｅｒｓｐｅｃｔｉｖｅｏｆｔｈｅＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈｅｓｏｎＳｏｕｔｂＣｈｉｎａＳｅａＴｕｒｔｌｅＲｅｓｏｕｒｃｅｓａｎｄＰｒｏｔｅｃｔｉｏｎｉｎＣｂｉｎａ￥ＷａｎｇＹａｍｉｎ（ＤｉｖｉｓｉｏｎｏｆＳｃｉｅｎｃｅａｎｄＴｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ,ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＦｉｓｈｅｒｙ,Ｐｅｏｐｌｅ’ｓＲｅｐｕｂｌｉｃｏｆＣｈｉｎａＭｉｎｉｓｔｒｙｏｆＡｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒｅ,Ｂｅｉｊｉｎｇ１０００２６）．ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＪｏｕｒｎａｌｏｆＥｃｏｌｏｇｙ,１９９３,１２（６）：６０－６１．ＴｈｉｓｐａｐｅｒｉｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｅｓｔｈｅｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｅｓｉｎｆｉｅｌｄｏｆＳｏｕｔｈＣｈｉｎａＳｅａｔｕｒｔｌｅｒｅｓｏｕｒｃｅｓａｎｄｐｒｏｔｅｃｔｉｏｎｉｎＣｈｉｎａ．ＴｈｅｒｅａｒｅｆｉｖｅｓｐｅｃｉｅｓｓｅａｔｕｒｔｌｅｓｉｎＣｈｉｎａ,ａｂｏｕｔ９０％ｏｆｔｈｅｍｌｉｖｅｉｎＳｏｕｔｈＣｈｉｎａｓｅａ。Ｄｕｒｉｎｇ１９５９－１９８８,３１８４．Ｉｔｓｅａｔｕｒｔｌｅｗｅｒｅｃａｔｃｈｅｄ（ａｂｏｕｔ     

广西广义山蚂蝗属部分种类的核型及染色体数目报道

本文分析了广义山蚂蝗属６种１变种的核型,并报道了９种１亚种的染色体数目。假地豆Ｄｅｓｍｏｄｉｕｍｈｅｔｅｒｏｃａｒｐｏｎ（Ｌ．）ＤＣ．,伏毛假地豆Ｄ．ｈｅｔｅｒｏｃｏｒｐｏ。（Ｌ．）ＤＣ．ｖａｒ．ｓｔｒｉｇｏｓｕｍｖａｎＭｅｅｕｗｅｎ,单叶假地豆Ｄ．ｒｕｂｒｕｍ（Ｌｏｕｒ．）ＤＣ．．金钱草Ｄ．ｓｔｙｒａｃｉｆｏｌｉｕｍ（Ｏｓｂｅｃｋ．）Ｍｅｒｒ．及假木豆Ｄｅｎｄｒｏｌｏｂｉｕｍｔｒｉａｎｇｕｌａｒｅ（Ｒｅｔｚ．）Ｓｃｈｉｎｄｌ．的核型均为Ｋ（２ｎ）＝２２＝２２ｍ,属１Ａ类型．但它们的染色体相对长度变化范围有一定的差异,假木豆的较大,假地豆的较小。舞草Ｃｏｄｏｒｉｏｃａｌｙｘｍｏｔｏｒｉｕｓ（Ｈｏｕｔｔ．）Ｏｈａｓｈｉ和圆叶舞草Ｃ．ｇｙｒｏｉｄｅｓ（Ｒｏｘｂ．ｅｘＬｉｎｋ．）Ｈａｓｓｋ．的核型为Ｋ（２ｎ）＝２２＝２２ｍ,有的细胞可见随体染色体,属１Ｂ类型．根据核型资料比较．作者发现狭义的舞草属比狭义的山蚂螟属和假木豆属较为进化。本文还报道大叶山蚂蝗ＤｅｓｍｏｄｉｕｍｌａｘｉｆｌｏｒｕｍＤＣ,波叶山蚂蝗Ｄ．ｓｅｑｕａｘＷａｌｌ．绒毛山蚂蝗Ｄ．ｖｅｌｕｔｉｎｕｍ（Ｗｉｌｌｄ．）ＤＣ,异叶山绿豆Ｄ．ｈｅｔｅｒｏｐｈ?     

福建省啮齿动物分布的聚类与关联分析

福建省啮齿动物分布的聚类与关联分析王寿昆（福建农业大学动物科学系福州３５０００２）ＣｌｕｓｔｅｒａｎｄＡｓｓｏｃｉａｔｉｏｎＡｎａｌｙｓｅｓｏｎＤｉｓｔｒｉｈｕｔｉｏｎｏｆＲｏｄｅｎｔｓｉｎＦｕｊｉａｎＰｒｏｖｉｎｃｅ．￥ＷａｎｇＳｈｏｕｋｕｎ（Ｄｅ...     

冠果草的花部发育——兼论冠果草与近缘属的亲缘关系

利用扫描电镜首次对冠果草（Ｓａｇｉｔｔａｒｉａｇｕａｙａｎｅｎｓｉｓ,Ｈ．Ｂ．Ｋ．ｓｓｐ．ｌａｐｐｕｌａ（Ｄ．Ｄｏｎ）Ｄｏｇｉｎ）的花器官发生进行了观察,结果显示：萼片原基以螺旋状方式向心发生,花瓣原基以接近轮状方式近同时发生,并与萼片原基因相间交替排列,不存在花瓣－雄蕊复合原基;最外轮６枚雄蕊原基的发生与萼片原基和花瓣原基相交替,并倾向于两两对萼的形式发生,对萼雄蕊对和瓣雄蕊的对仅仅是这种相间交     

山东樱属一新变种——泰山野樱花

泰山野樱花Ｃｅｒａｓｕｓｓｅｒｕｌａｔａ（Ｌｉｎｄｌ．）Ｇ．ＤｏｎｅｘＬｏｎｄｏｎｖａｒ．ｔａｉｓｈａｎｅｎｓｉｓＹ．ＺｈａｎｇｅｔＣ．Ｄ．Ｓｈｉ,ｖａｒ．ｎｏｖ．ＴＹＰＥ：Ｃｈｉｎａ．Ｓｈａｎｄｏｎｇ（山东）,Ｔａｉａｎ（泰安）,Ｍｔ．Ｔａｉｓｈａ...     

Brine Shrimp致死率生物鉴定法对八种民间药活性成分的研究

采用ＴｈｅＢｒｉｎｅＳｈｒｉｍｐＬｃｔａｌｉｔｙＢｉｏａｓｓａｙ法对民间药翼蓼ＰｔｅｒｏｘｙｇｏｎｕｍｇｉｒａｌｄｉｉＤｕｍｍｅｒｅｔＤｉｅｌｓ）,金荞麦（Ｆａｇｏｐｙｒｕｍｄｉｂｏｔｒｙｓ（Ｄ．Ｄｏｎ）Ｈａｒａ）,齿果酸模（ＲｕｍｅｘｄｅｎｔａｔｕｓＬ．）巴天酸模（ＲｕｍｅｘｐａｔｉｅｎｔｉａＬ．）网果酸模（ＲｕｍｅｘｄｉｃｔｙｏｃａｒｐｕｓＢｏｉｓｓｅｔＢｕｈｓｅ）、掌叶大黄（Ｒｈｅｕｍｐａｌ     

一氧化氮供体增强大鼠记忆及其与脑内ADP-核糖基转移酶的关系

为探讨与学习记忆有关的一氧化氮（ｎｉｔｒｉｃ ｏｘｉｄｅ,ＮＯ）信号转导通路,本文用ＮＯ供体硝普钠（ｓｏｄｉｕｍ ｎｉｔｒｏｐｒｕｓｓｉｄｅ,ＳＮＰ）或同时给予ＡＤＰ－核糖基转移酶（ＡＤＰ－ｒｉｂｏｓｙｌｔｒａｎｓｆｅｒａｓｅ,ＡＤＰＲＴ）抑制剂尼克酰胺（ｎｉｃｏｔｉｎａｍｉｄｅ,ＮＩＣ）侧脑室内流射,观察其对大鼠学习记忆行为的影响,并用高效液相色谱法测定脑内ＡＤＰＲＴ活性。结果表明,ＳＮＰ（０．     

生态农业与乡村经济持续发展

生态农业与乡村经济持续发展张壬午,计文瑛,孙鸿良（天津农业部环境保护研究所,３００１９１）（中国农科院,北京１０００８１）ＥｃｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌＡｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒｅａｎｄＳｕｓｔａｉｎａｂｌｅＤｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｏｆＲｕｒａｌＥｃｏｎｏｍｙ￥．ＺｈａｎｇＲｅｎｗｕ;ＪｉＷｅｎｙｉｎｇ（Ａｇｒｏ－ｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔＰｒｏｔｅｃｌｉｏｎＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅ,Ｔｉａｎｊｉｎ３００１９１）,ＳｕｎＨｏｎｇｌｉａｎｇ（ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＡｃａｄｅｍｙｏｆＡｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌＳｃｉｅｎｃｃｓ,Ｂｅｉｊｉｎｇ１０００８１）．ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＪｏｕｒｎａｌｏｆＥｃｏｌｏｇｙ,１９９３,１２（２）：１９—２０．ＴｈｉｓｐａｐｅｒｂｒｉｅｆｌｙｐｒｅｓｅｎｔｓｔｈｅｃｕｒｒｅｎｔｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｏｆｅｃｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌａｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒｅｉｎＣｈｉｎａａｎｄｃｏｍｐａｒｅｓｗｉｔｈｔｈｅ＇＇ｓｕｓｔａｉｎａｂｌｅａｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒｅａｎｄｒｕｒａｌｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔ＇＇（ＳＡＲＤ）ｐｕｔｆｏｒｗａｒｄｂｙＦＡＯ,Ｃｈｉｎａ’ｓｓｕｓｔａｉｎａｂｌｅａ－ｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒｅｉｓｎｏｔｏｎｌｙａｎｉｎｇｅｎｉｏｕｓ     

白蚁与动物及微生物的共生类型及其机制

综述了白蚁螱客的主要种类、共生关系及相关机制的研究进展。白蚁螱客中,已报道的动物种类达170种。在与动物的共生关系中存在偏利共生（宾主共栖和异种共栖）、互利共生和无关共生三种;在与微生物的共生关系中,存在与内生菌（原生动物、细菌、真菌和放线菌）和外生菌（蚁巢伞菌等）间的互利关系。指出了白蚁与螱客研究中存在的问题,给出了解决方案,并提出了今后可能的研究热点或方向,为白蚁的综合利用（如纤维素酶）及今后研究物种间的协同进化提供了基础资料。     

New amino-dithiaphospholanes and phosphoramidodithioites and their rhodium and iridium complexes

New sulfur derivatives of phosphoramidite ligands were synthesized and the impact of the sulfur unit on the spectroscopic properties of their rhodium and iridium complexes was investigated. The new ligands Bn₂NPSCH₂CH₂S^a(P-S^a) (Bn = benzyl, 4), Bn₂NPSCHCHS^a(CH₂)₃C^aH₂(P-S^a)(C^a-S^a) (6) and Bn₂NP(4-XC₆H₄OMe)₂ (X = S, 7a; X = O, 7b) were converted to the rhodium and iridium complexes trans-[Rh(CO)Cl(L)₂] (L = 4, 6, 7), [RhCl(COD)(L)] (L = 4, 6, 7), [IrCl(COD)(7a)] and [IrCl₂Cp∗(6)]. For comparison, some phosphoramidite complexes of these formulations also were synthesized. The new metal complexes were spectroscopically analyzed. For the carbonyl complexes, the ν_CO IR stretching frequencies were lower than for the corresponding phosphite and phosphoramidite ligands. The ¹J_PRh coupling constants for the rhodium complexes with the new ligands were also smaller than for the respective phosphoramidite and phosphite complexes. Finally, the ¹J_PSe coupling constants of the selenides of the new ligands were lower than those of the phosphoramidite ligands but higher than for PPh₃. The spectroscopic data reveal that the new thio ligands 4, 6 and 7a are more electron donating than phosphites and phosphoramidites but less electron donating than PPh₃.     

Astrocytes and Synaptosomes Transport and Metabolize Lactate and Acetate Differently

Astrocytes transport the monocarboxylate acetate, but synaptosomes do not. The reason for this is unknown, because both preparations express monocarboxylate transporters (MCT). The transport and metabolism of lactate, another monocarboxylate, was examined in these two preparations, and the results were compared to those for acetate. Lactate transport is more rapid in astrocytes than in synaptosomes, but of lower affinity (Kms of 17 and 4 mM, respectively). Lactate (0.2 mM) is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in synaptosomes than in astrocytes (rates of 0.37 and 0.07 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). The reason for this is unclear, but cellular differences in lactate dehydrogenase isotype expression may be involved. Acetate is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in astrocytes than in synaptosomes (rates of 0.43 and 0.02 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). This is likely due to cellular differences in the expression of monocarboxylate transporter subtypes.     

Rapporteur report: Basics and technology and metrology and standards

The first and second sessions of the Workshop focussed on the basics of ultrasound and infrasound, their applications in both industry and medicine, and metrology and protection standards for ultrasound applications.     

Relative and combined effects of ethanol and protein deficiency on strontium and barium bone content and fecal and urinary excretion

To elucidate accumulation of minerals in human iliac arteries with aging, the content of minerals was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Bilateral common, internal, and external iliac arteries of 16 men and 8 women, ranging ages from 65 to 93 yr, were examined. It was found that an extremely high accumulation of calcium and phosphorus occurred in the common iliac artery at old age, being higher than that of the internal and external iliac arteries. It should be noted that the accumulation of calcium and phosphorus is the highest in the common iliac artery among the human arteries examined to date. Regarding sexual differences, the content of calcium and phosphorus in the common and internal iliac arteries was higher in women than in men, whereas their content in the external iliac artery was lower in women than in men.     

Prostaglandin and thromboxane production by human and guinea-pig macrophages and leucocytes

The ability of partially purified human and guinea-pig haematogenous cell populations, when cultured in vitro, to metabolise arachidonic acid (AA) has been studied. Supernatants from 24 hour cell culture have been subjected to analysis for products of AA metabolism by gas chromatography with electron-capture detection.The cell types studied were human peripheral blood monocytes (both glass adherent and non-adherent), neutrophils, eosinophils and leukemic leucocytes; thoracic duct lymphocytes and lung alveolar macrophages. From the guinea-pig, induced and non-induced macrophage or neutrophil enriched peritoneal exudate populations, lymph node cells, peritoneal eosinophils and peripheral blood platelets were examined. Supernatants were assayed for the presence of PGE₂, PGD₂, PGF_2α, TXB₂ and 6-keto-PGF_1α. In all types studied PGE₂ and TXB₂ were the major products formed. The identification of PGE₂ and TXB₂ was confirmed by GC/MS with multiple ion monitoring.The results have been compared with other reports and their possible significance discussed in relation to the proposed role of prostaglandins as mediators and modulators in immunopathology.     

Chemokines and cytokines: axis and allies in asthma and allergy

Allergic asthma can be precipitated by many factors. For the atopic person, fungus, pollen, dust mites, cockroach antigens, and diesel exhaust are all agents that may trigger an allergic attack. Cytokines and chemokines are integral mediators of fungal asthma. From the earliest time points, they recruit and activate the cells required for the clearance of fungus as well as being critical factors involved in the immunopathology of this disease. In the final analysis, it is clear that these mediators can act to the benefit or the detriment of the host.     

Oxidation and nitration of ribonuclease and lysozyme by peroxynitrite and myeloperoxidase

In spite of the many studies on protein modifications by reactive species, knowledge about the products resulting from the oxidation of protein-aromatic residues, including protein-derived radicals and their stable products, remains limited. Here, we compared the oxidative modifications promoted by peroxynitrite and myeloperoxidase/hydrogen peroxide/nitrite in two model proteins, ribonuclease (6Tyr) and lysozyme (3Tyr/6Trp). The formation of protein-derived radicals and products was higher at pH 5.4 and 7.4 for myeloperoxidase and peroxynitrite, respectively. The main product was 3-nitro-Tyr for both proteins and oxidants. Lysozyme rendered similar yields of nitro-Trp, particularly when oxidized by peroxynitrite. Hydroxylated and dimerized products of Trp and Tyr were also produced, but in lower yields. Localization of the main modified residues indicates that peroxynitrite decomposes to radicals within the proteins behaving less specifically than myeloperoxidase. Nitrogen dioxide is emphasized as an important protein modifier.