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F. E. Hargreave 《CMAJ》1973,108(9):1150-1154
Extrinsic allergic alveolitis is caused by the inhalation of small organic allergen particles by non-atopic subjects which provoke an allergic reaction, thought to be chiefly due to a type III mechanism, in the peripheral respiratory tissues. The clinical features are determined by the nature of exposure, the immunopathological mechanism(s) involved and the site of reaction in the lung. When the exposure is intermittent and intensive, febrile episodes with respiratory symptoms beginning after four to six hours are prominent, but when it is more continuous and less intensive they are not and the features are those of a chronic fibrosing lung disease. The diagnosis is important to make because management by the avoidance of exposure is followed by improvement. It is made by recognizing the clinical presentation, by identifying the source of allergen exposure and by obtaining supportive evidence from precipitin and skin tests, or from allergen inhalation tests or lung biopsy. 相似文献
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Adam P Matson Roger S Thrall Ektor Rafti Elizabeth G Lingenheld Lynn Puddington 《Clinical and molecular allergy : CMA》2010,8(1):1-11
Background
A. fumigatus has been associated with a wide spectrum of allergic disorders such as ABPA or SAFS. It is poorly understood what allergens in particular are being expressed during fungal invasion and which are responsible for stimulation of immune responses. Study of the dynamics of allergen production by fungi may lead to insights into how allergens are presented to the immune system.Methods
Expression of 17 A. fumigatus allergen genes was examined in response to various culture conditions and stimuli as well as in the presence of macrophages in order to mimic conditions encountered in the lung.Results
Expression of 14/17 allergen genes was strongly induced by oxidative stress caused by hydrogen peroxide (Asp f 1, -2, -4, -5, -6, -7, -8, -10, -13, -17 and -18, all >10-fold and Asp f 11, -12, and -22, 5-10-fold) and 16/17 allergen genes were repressed in the presence of cAMP. The 4 protease allergen genes (Asp f -5, -10, -13 and -18) were expressed at very low levels compared to the comparator (β-tubulin) under all other conditions examined. Mild heat shock, anoxia, lipid and presence of macrophages did not result in coordinated changes in allergen gene expression. Growth on lipid as sole carbon source contributed to the moderate induction of most of the allergen genes. Heat shock (37°C > 42°C) caused moderate repression in 11/17 genes (Asp f 1, -2, -4, -5, -6, -9, -10, -13, -17, -18 and -23) (2- to 9-fold), which was mostly evident for Asp f 1 and -9 (~9-fold). Anaerobic stress led to moderate induction of 13/17 genes (1.1 to 4-fold) with one, Asp f 8 induced over 10-fold when grown under mineral oil. Complex changes were seen in gene expression during co-culture of A. fumigatus with macrophages.Conclusions
Remarkable coordination of allergen gene expression in response to a specific condition (oxidative stress or the presence of cAMP) has been observed, implying that a single biological stimulus may play a role in allergen gene regulation. Interdiction of a putative allergen expression induction signalling pathway might provide a novel therapy for treatment of fungal allergy. 相似文献9.
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Richard B. Moss 《Current fungal infection reports》2008,2(2):87-93
Treatment of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis depends on accurate diagnosis, which is difficult because of multiple
clinical, radiographic, and immunologic criteria; unstandardized immunoassays; and its similarity to cystic fibrosis. Advances
in chest CT interpretation, measuring serum Aspergillus fumigatus-specific antibodies and the TH2 chemokine thymusactivated-and-regulated chemokine, recognizing risk factors, should improve diagnostic accuracy. Oral glucocorticosteroids
remain the mainstay of treatment. Dose regimen and duration are not standardized, so expert recommendations are used. Inhaled
steroids have not been proven to be effective. Due to relapse and toxicity, itraconazole has been added as second-tier therapy,
supported by randomized, placebo-controlled trials in asthma and open-label trials in cystic fibrosis. Itraconazole is steroid
sparing with anti-inflammatory aspects and poor bioavailability. Despite combination steroid-itraconazole therapy, relapses
and steroid toxicity have led to open-label use of voriconazole, nebulized amphotericin B, monthly high-dose intravenous methylprednisolone,
and omalizumab. Controlled trials are needed to evaluate these and other antifungal or immunomodulatory interventions. 相似文献
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STEGAWSKI T 《Polski tygodnik lekarski (Warsaw, Poland : 1960)》1954,9(22):702-3; contd
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Cory Teuscher 《Immunogenetics》1985,22(5):417-425
Susceptibility to the induction of murine autoimmune orchitis was found to be associated with the locus controlling Bordetella pertussis-induced sensitivity to the vasoactive amine, histamine. Only those inbred and H-2 congenic strains of mice possessing both the H-2
d haplotype and the locus for susceptibility to B. pertussis-induced sensitivity to histamine developed autoimmune orchitis. In addition, segregation analysis of backcross generation mice also demonstrated a high degree of correlation between susceptibility both to disease and to histamine sensitization, which was indicative of additional multigene control. Pertussigen-histamine sensitization factor (P-HSF) was only effective in eliciting disease when it was administered on the same day, or within a period up to 6 days following sensitization with mouse testicular homogenate-emulsified in complete Freund's adjuvant. P-HSF induced sensitivity to histamine was not found to be associated with an increase in the vascular permeability of target tissue. Thus, B. pertussis-induced sensitivity to histamine appears to play a more crucial role during the sensitization phase of autoimmune orchitis induction, rather than at the inflammatory or effector phase of the disease. 相似文献
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The combination of nasal polyposis, crust formation, and sinus cultures yielding Aspergillus was first noted in 1976 by Safirstein, who observed the clinical similarity that this constellation of findings shared with
allergic bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis. Eventually this disease came to be known as allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (AFRS).
As clinical evidence on AFRS continues to accumulate, controversy regarding its etiology, pathogenesis, natural history, and
appropriate treatment naturally has emerged. Despite past and current efforts, many of these controversies remain incompletely
resolved, but continuing clinical study has illuminated some aspects of the disease and has led to an improved understanding
of AFRS and its treatment. This article is intended to review current data and theories regarding the pathophysiology and
clinical presentation of AFRS, as well as the role of various surgical and nonsurgical forms of therapy. 相似文献
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Cory Teuscher Suzanne M. Smith Ellen H. Goldberg Gene M. Shearer Kenneth S. K. Tung 《Immunogenetics》1985,22(4):323-333
Inbred strains of mice were studied for their susceptibility to the induction of experimental allergic orchitis after sensitization with mouse testicular homogenate in complete Freund's adjuvant accompanied by injections of extract from Bordetella pertussis. Susceptibility to autoimmune orchitis was found to be linked to the major histocompatibility complex in BALB/c and C57BL/10 mice and mapped to genes encoded within the H-2D
dregion. In five of six groups of bidirectional (susceptible × resistant) F1 hybrids, H-2D
d-linked susceptibility was inherited as a dominant autosomal trait. However, in (BALB/cByJ × DBA/2J)F1 and (DBA/2J × BALB/cByJ)F1 hybrids, dominant autosomal resistance to the induction of autoimmune orchitis was observed. Backcross analysis between the resistant F1 hybrid and the susceptible BALB/cByJ parent suggests that a single independently segregating DBA/2J locus is capable of negating H-2D
d-linked susceptibility, and controls resistance to the induction of autoimmune orchitis.Abbreviations used in this paper BP extract
Bordetella pertussis extract
- CFA
complete Freund's adjuvant
- EAO
experimental allergic orchitis
- Ir
immune response
- MHC
major histocompatibility complex
- MLH
mouse liver homogenate
- MTH
mouse testis homogenate
- PI
pathology index 相似文献