生物反应器与药用植物毛状根的大规模培养

利用药用植物毛状根培养生产次生代谢产物具有极大的生产潜力,而开发适合毛状根培养的反应器,又是毛状根生产天然产物工业化的关键。本文系统地介绍了各种用于毛状根培养的生物反应器,对通气搅拌式、气升式、超声雾化式等生物反应器各自的特点及优势进行了详细阐述,进一步讨论了各种反应器对于毛状根生长和次生代谢物积累的影响,并提出药用植物毛状根大规模培养的生物反应器在今后的发展方向。     

研究代谢反应的计算机方法

生物必须能在恶劣的环境中生存，为了达到这个目的，它们必须通过化学反应来产生能量以保持理想的温度，并且要代谢养料将其转化成代谢产物．最终转换成生物大分子。     

生物制造手性化学品的现状及其发展趋势

手性化学品是传统制造工业的重要产品之一,具有高度选择性的生物制造技术尤其适用于高光学纯度化学品的制造过程,大力发展手性化学品生物制造技术,符合国家重大需求,也是实现绿色制造的重要手段。论述了生物制造手性化学品的重要意义及国内外研究现状,对生物制造手性化学品的未来发展方向和趋势进行了展望。     

贝莱斯芽孢杆菌生防次级代谢产物研究进展

贝莱斯芽孢杆菌（Bacillus velezensis）是生防芽孢杆菌中的重要代表,作为微生物农药的核心菌种,已被广泛应用于作物病害生物防治。贝莱斯芽孢杆菌具有植物内生性,其生防作用机制主要包括产生次级代谢产物对抗植物病原物;改善宿主植物根际微生物群落,促进宿主营养和生长;激发宿主植物产生防御反应,诱导植物获得系统抗性。其中,产生次级代谢产物是其最重要的生防作用机制。贝莱斯芽孢杆菌含有多个编码生物合成次级代谢产物的基因簇,其中包括编码聚酮化合物合酶（PKS）和非核糖体肽合成酶（NRPS）的基因簇,同时存在核糖体途径合成次级代谢产物基因簇。通过非核糖体途径可产生脂肽类化合物、聚酮类化合物、二肽和铁载体;通过核糖体途径产生小菌素、细菌素、羊毛硫抗生素。这些具有生物活性的次级代谢产物成为了天然新药和候选抗生素的储存库,对于解析生防菌作用机制具有重要意义。本文综述了贝莱斯芽孢杆菌的命名与更迭,产生次级代谢产物的类型、合成与调控基因以及靶标病原菌,以期为生防菌株的改良和生物农药的研发提供参考。     

基于合成生物学的微生物制造研究进展

基于合成生物学的微生物制造在天然产物药物、生物能源、生物基化学品及生物传感器件的研究中发挥越来越重要的作用。本文系统地介绍了合成生物学研究领域的最新技术进展,包括DNA和染色体合成、新生物元件开发与元件库标准化、染色体工程与最小基因组技术、途径装配技术等,并阐述了合成生物学在微生物制造领域内所取得的突破和巨大的应用价值。     

嗜酸硫杆菌在工农业中的应用

嗜酸硫杆菌(属)(Acidithiobacillus spp.)能够氧化亚铁、硫或还原性无机硫化合物(reduced inorganic sulfur compounds,RISCs)获得能量,固定二氧化碳,是一类典型的嗜酸性化能自养微生物。嗜酸硫杆菌广泛分布于酸性矿水、热泉等酸性环境中,是地球生态系统硫和铁元素循环的主要推动者。嗜酸硫杆菌独特的生理代谢特征和极端环境适应性,使其广泛应用于生物浸出领域。本文综述了嗜酸硫杆菌的生理代谢特征和极端环境下的适应机制,阐述了嗜酸硫杆菌在工农业中的应用,讨论了面向国家重大需求,嗜酸硫杆菌在今后的主要研究方向和需要解决的关键科学问题,为嗜酸硫杆菌在生理代谢、环境适应和工农业应用的研究提供重要的线索和启示。     

脂肽类生物表面活性剂的研究进展

脂肽是由微生物代谢产生的一类具有很强表面活性的生物表面活性剂 ,在医药、食品、化妆品和微生物采油等方面有良好的应用潜力。本文对脂肽的生产、分离、鉴定及应用方面进行了综述     

生物活性物的生物制造：现状、挑战和发展趋势

生物活性物的生物制造是指利用包括细胞、微生物和酶在内的生物系统生产具有生物活性的天然或合成分子的过程。这些分子可用于制药、化妆品、农业和食品工业等领域,对提高生命质量、延长生命长度具有重要意义。在合成生物学和自动化等技术的推动下,生物制造领域迅速发展,为创造新产品和替代传统产品提供了绿色可持续的生产模式,为生物经济的增长、创新作出了重要贡献。本文结合生物活性物研发及生产情况,简要梳理并分析了国内外生物活性物的现有市场和未来发展。生物制造作为一种绿色、可持续的生产方式,将在生物经济发展中持续发挥重要作用。     

微生物生产二磷酸果糖

1,6-二磷酸果糖（fructose-1,6-diphosphate）简称FDP,又叫“福达平”,系糖代谢的中间产物,溶于水,是人体生命活动所必需的,在细胞代谢过程中起调节剂、生物催化剂和细胞强壮剂的重要作用。已将这种果糖研制成产品用医疗保健,治心脑血管病、糖尿病等重要疾病。这种有价值的老产品找到新的用途,     

谷氨酸棒杆菌的代谢工程使能技术研究进展

谷氨酸棒杆菌Corynebacterium glutamicum是重要的工业微生物,尤其是在氨基酸工业中,每年用于600余万t氨基酸的生物制造。近年来,谷氨酸棒杆菌代谢工程使能技术正在不断完善,不仅加快了细胞工厂的创建和优化,拓展了底物谱和产物谱,也推动了谷氨酸棒杆菌的基础研究,使谷氨酸棒杆菌成为代谢工程的理想底盘细胞。文中综述了近期针对谷氨酸棒杆菌开发的代谢工程使能技术,着重介绍了基于CRISPR的基因组编辑、基因表达调控、适应性进化和生物传感器等技术的开发和应用。     

合成生物制造2022

本文对2022年《生物工程学报》发表的与合成生物制造相关的综述和研究论文进行了评述,重点讨论了DNA测序、DNA合成、DNA编辑、基因表达调控和数学细胞模型等底层技术,酶的设计、改造和应用技术,化学品生物催化、氨基酸及其衍生物、有机酸、天然化合物、抗生素与活性肽、功能多糖、功能蛋白质等重要产品的生物制造技术,一碳化合物和生物质原料利用技术以及合成微生物组技术,以帮助读者从一个侧面了解合成生物制造相关技术和产业的发展情况。     

Metabolites from Two Dominant Thermophilic Fungal Species Thermomyces lanuginosus and Scytalidium thermophilum

Thermomyces lanuginosus and Scytalidium thermophilum are among the most ubiquitous thermophilic fungi in compost and soil. Chemical study on these two prevalent strains collected from Yunnan led to isolation of 23 metabolites, including one new metabolite, therlanubutanolide, and 15 known compounds, isolated from the YGP culture broth of Thermomyces lanuginosus and 7 known compounds isolated from Scytalidium thermophilum, respectively. Therlanubutanolide shared the quite similar features of the same carbon skeleton and saturation as natural hexadecanoic acids. This was the first reported discovery of such a lactone as natural occurring metabolite. All the compounds were reported for the first time from thermophilic fungi. Among them, N‐[(2S,3R,4E,8E)‐1,3‐dihydroxy‐9‐methyloctadeca‐4,8‐dien‐2‐yl]acetamide was for the first time reported to be a naturally occurring metabolite and its NMR data was first provided in this study. A type of PKS‐derived metabolites, three 3,4‐dihydronaphthalen‐1(2H)‐ones, which were widely found in plant pathogenic fungi as phytotoxins and reported to have antimicrobial activity, were obtained from both dominant thermophilic fungi. The frequent occurrence of such PKS phytotoxins in these two thermophilic fungi might suggest particular ecological interest.     

Biotechnological potential for degradation of isoprene: a review

Isoprene, the ubiquitous, highly emitted non-methane volatile hydrocarbon, affects atmospheric chemistry and human health, and this makes its removal from the contaminated environment imperative. Physicochemical degradation of isoprene is inefficient and generates secondary pollutants. Therefore, biodegradation can be considered as the safer approach for its efficient abatement. This review summarizes efforts in this regard that led to tracking the diverse groups of isoprene degrading bacteria such as Methanotrophs, Xanthobacter, Nocardia, Alcaligenes, Rhodococcus, Actinobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, Bacteriodetes, Pseudomonas, and Alcanivorax. Biodegradation of isoprene by such bacteria in batch and continuous modes has been elaborated. The products, pathways and the key enzymes associated with isoprene biodegradation have also been presented.     

沙雷氏菌抗生性次级代谢产物合成机制

沙雷氏菌(Serratia)是一类重要的生防菌,能分泌多种抗生性代谢产物,如灵菌红素、脂肽、碳青霉烯、几丁质酶、异硫霉素、硝吡咯菌素、水解酶、大环内酯类抗生素、嗜铁素等,从而抑制不同植物病原真菌的生长。总结了沙雷氏菌中已报道的抗生性次级代谢产物生物合成机制,重点阐述了次生代谢产物的功能、合成途径等的新进展,同时对沙雷氏菌在生物防治中的应用和其作为生防菌剂的前景进行展望。     

甲酸脱氢酶及其在手性生物制造中的应用

氧化还原生物合成体系在绿色生物制造手性化合物中具有重要应用价值.甲酸脱氢酶(formate dehydrogenase,FDH)能氧化甲酸盐生成二氧化碳,同时将NAD(P)+还原为NAD(P)H,是氧化还原生物合成中辅酶再生体系的关键酶.但天然的FDH催化效率低、稳定性差、辅酶利用率不高等缺点制约了其在工业生产中的应用...     

Antifungal activity of lichen compounds against dermatophytes: a review

The growth rate inhibition of dermatophytes by compounds extracted by acetone, ethanol, methanol and water derived from representatives of several lichen genera (e.g. Caloplaca, Everniastrum, Heterodermia, Hypotrachyna, Platismatia and Ramalina) were compared on the basis of a worldwide review of published research. The examined dermatophytes included Epidermophyton floccosum, Microsporum audouinii, M. canis, M. gypseum, M. nanum, Trichophyton longifusus, T. mentagrophytes, T. rubrum, T. tonsurans and T. violaceum. The influence of selected secondary lichen compounds, for example, usnic acid, on the growth rates of these dermatophytes was also reviewed. The measurement of inhibition by lichen compounds was performed by several methods, but mostly those employing disc diffusion, broth dilution and agar dilution. The fungicidal activity of water-extracted compounds from Heterodermia leucomela and Hypotrachyna cirrhata and of methanol-extracted compounds from Evernia divaricata and Ramalina pollinaria, as well as protolichesterinic and 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-3,6-dimethylbenzoic acids, are distinguished.     

Upstream biomanufacturing of pharmaceutical colchicine

The plant-based colchicine potentially affects major diseases such as cardiovascular events, cancers and gout. Gloriosa superba seeds are a conventional pharmaceutical source of colchicine. The demand for pharmaceutical-grade colchicine has increased due to the shortage of feasible upstream manufacturing, encompassing all stages in the processes of biosynthesis and biomanufacturing before the raw material is ready for purification. Consequently, developing sustainable upstream industrial colchicine biofactories is imperative, especially in curtailing drug costs. A new upstream bioprocess has been established, using specialized biorhizomes with comprehensive specific-enzymes that catalyze the construction of biogenic functionalized intermediates that are converted into colchicine. This review emphasizes a novel biorhizome approach for biomanufacturing pharmaceutical-grade natural colchicine, a biosynthetic pathway elucidation and its challenges to synthetic biotechnology.     

Selected Species of the Genus Phellinus – Chemical Composition,Biological Activity,and Medicinal Applications

This study presents the current knowledge on chemical composition, biological activity, and possible medicinal applications of Phellinus igniarius, Phellinus pini, Phellinus pomaceus, and Phellinus robustus. These inedible arboreal species are phytopathogens that cause the enzymatic decomposition of wood. These species belong to the medicinal mushrooms and have been known for centuries in the traditional medicine of the Far East. They have been used as an effective remedy for stomach and intestinal ailments, diarrhea, and hemorrhages. Mycochemical studies have proved the presence of polysaccharides, phenolic compounds, and terpenoids. These compounds show biological activities such as anticancer, antioxidant, antiangiogenic, and antiviral. Research studies conducted using modern analytical methods have advanced the knowledge on the potential therapeutic use of compounds isolated not only from the fruiting bodies but also from biomass obtained with in vitro biotechnological methods.     

Fatty acids from oleaginous yeasts and yeast-like fungi and their potential applications

Purpose: Oleaginous yeasts, fatty acids biosynthesis and regulation in the oleaginous yeasts and the fatty acids from the oleaginous yeasts and their applications are reviewed in this article.

Results: Oleaginous yeasts such as Rhodosporidium toruloides, Yarrowia lipolytica, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, and Aureobasidium melanogenum, which can accumulate over 50% lipid of their cell dry weight, have many advantages over other oleaginous microorganisms. The fatty acids from the oleaginous yeasts have many potential applications. Many oleaginous yeasts have now been genetically modified to over-produce fatty acids and their derivatives. The most important features of the oleaginous yeasts are that they have special enzymatic systems for enhanced biosynthesis and regulation of fatty acids in their lipid particles. Recently, some oleaginous yeasts such as R. toruloides have been found to have a unique fatty acids synthetase and other oleaginous yeasts such as A. melanogenum have a unique highly reducing polyketide synthase (HR-PKS) involved in the biosynthesis of hydroxyl fatty acids.

Conclusions: It is necessary to further enhance lipid biosynthesis using metabolic engineering and explore new applications of fatty acids in biotechnology.