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合成生物学是一门21世纪生物学的新兴学科,它着眼生物科学与工程科学的结合,把生物系统当作工程系统"从下往上"进行处理,由"单元"(unit)到"部件"(device)再到"系统"(system)来设计,修改和组装细胞构件及生物系统.合成生物学是分子和细胞生物学、进化系统学、生物化学、信息学、数学、计算机和工程等多学科交叉的产物.目前研究应用包括两个主要方面:一是通过对现有的、天然存在的生物系统进行重新设计和改造,修改已存在的生物系统,使该系统增添新的功能.二是通过设计和构建新的生物零件、组件和系统,创造自然界中尚不存在的人工生命系统.合成生物学作为一门建立在基因组方法之上的学科,主要强调对创造人工生命形态的计算生物学与实验生物学的协同整合.必须强调的是,用来构建生命系统新结构、产生新功能所使用的组件单元既可以是基因、核酸等生物组件,也可以是化学的、机械的和物理的元件.本文跟踪合成生物学研究及应用,对其在DNA水平编程、分子修饰、代谢途径、调控网络和工业生物技术等方面的进展进行综述. 相似文献
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从课程改革背景下生物学课程的特点及对教师的要求入手,介绍了适于生物学教学的"头脑风暴法"及在教学中的具体应用形式,并根据教学实践提出了一些教学建议. 相似文献
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合成生物学自诞生以来对生物学领域的研究产生了重要的影响。利用工程学思维与方法,合成生物学揭开了生命系统许多调控机制,改造并扩展了一系列生物元件,同时带来了广泛的生物医学应用,为疾病诊断与治疗提供了新的思路。本文综述了适用于哺乳动物细胞或者细菌的合成基因线路并用于疾病诊断与治疗领域的最新进展,为未来智能药物设计提供新的思路。 相似文献
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《中国细胞生物学学报》2019,(11)
合成生物学被认为是继"发现DNA双螺旋"和"人类基因组测序计划"之后的又一次生物技术革命,有望在工业制造、医药、农业、环境和能源等诸多领域带来变革。DNA合成和基因编辑是合成生物学的基石,其技术进步也是推动合成生物学快速发展的主要动力。该文重点介绍了DNA合成和基因编辑领域的主要技术及其研究进展,包括利用芯片oligo池的高通量基因合成技术和CRISPR介导的第三代基因组编辑系统等。 相似文献
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1 合成生物学作为科学前沿的兴起
1.1 以 "合成"作为研究生命的基本策略之一
据哈佛大学历史教授 Keller 考证,"合成生物学"一词的出现已有约100年的历史.然而,合成生物学作为一个新兴科学前沿的起点,是约10 年前研究者报道人工设计构建的基因"阻遏振荡器"①和基因"双态开关"②, 这两项研究试图证明,"通过在最基本原理指导下进行设计、构建和验证来真正理解研究对象"这一现代科学的基本理念,也适用于生命对象. 相似文献
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目的:从产品开发角度分析全球合成生物学发展现状和趋势。方法:在伍德罗·威尔逊国际学者中心的合成生物学产品和应用清单(synthetic biology products and applications inventory)的数据基础上,对全球合成生物学产品的开发状态、市场应用和发展前景等进行补充检索和分析。结果:至2015年,全球至少已有81家企业(或研究机构)的116种合成生物学产品得到了市场应用开发,主要开发者为美国企业(或研究机构),产品主要集中于化学和医药领域。结论:合成生物学实现了从生物学分析向生物学合成的范式转移,其产品开发将给一系列的行业带来深刻的变革。 相似文献
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This article is concerned with the representation of Synthetic Biology in the media and by biotechnology experts. An analysis was made of German-language media articles published between 2004 and 2008, and interviews with biotechnology-experts at the Synthetic Biology conference SB 3.0 in Zurich 2007. The results have been reflected in terms of the definition of Synthetic Biology, applications of Synthetic Biology and the perspectives of opportunities and risks. In the media, Synthetic Biology is represented as a new scientific field of biology with an engineering-like thinking, while the scientists interviewed mostly define Synthetic Biology as contrary to nature and the natural system. Media articles present Synthetic Biology broadly with positive potential and inform the publics less about the potential risks than about the benefits of Synthetic Biology. In contrast, the experts interviewed reflect more on the risks than the opportunities of Synthetic Biology. Both used metaphors to describe Synthetic Biology and its aspects. 相似文献
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《Biotechnology journal》2009,4(10):1371-1379
Special focus: Synthetic biology What is synthetic biology? SynBERC – The Synthetic Biology Engineering Research Center Ars Synthetica iGEM – The International Genetically Engineered Machine competition Some synthetic biology companies Paper watch: Synthetic biology Building blocks for novel functions Knowledge-making distinctions in synthetic biology Scaffold design and manufacturing: From concept to clinic Peptidomimetics – a versatile route to biologically active compounds Metabolic engineering of E. coli E. coli needs safety valves Systems-level metabolic engineering Mammalian synthetic biology Chemical aspects of synthetic biology Synthesis of DNA fragments in yeast Synthetic biology and patentable subject matter Patenting artificial life? Metabolic effects of synthetic rewiring Engineering for biofuels Regulatory elements for synthetic biology Book highlight Systems Biology and Synthetic Biology 相似文献
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Synthetic biology: challenges ahead 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
This expanding scientific discipline is proving extremely popularand is attracting engineering and system design experts to thefield of Biology. As Bioinformatics and Computational Biology will be essentialcomponents of new technical and scientific developments, itis vital to follow the discussion generated by the recent ESFExploratory Workshop (October 1316, 2005, Constructingand de-constructing Life, Magalia, Spain) and the 2005 reportof the NEST High-Level Expert Group on Synthetic Biology: ApplyingEngineering to Biology http://www.eurosfaire.prd.fr/nest/documents/pdf/NEST_syntheticbiology_b5_eur21796_en.pdf) Synthetic Biology stands at the meeting-point of two cultures.The first, represented by those interested in deconstructing 相似文献
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Nicole Kronberger Peter Holtz Wolfgang Kerbe Ewald Strasser Wolfgang Wagner 《Systems and synthetic biology》2009,3(1-4):19-26
We present insights from a study on communicating Synthetic Biology conducted in 2008. Scientists were invited to write press releases on their work; the resulting texts were passed on to four journalists from major Austrian newspapers and magazines. The journalists in turn wrote articles that were used as stimulus material for eight group discussions with select members of the Austrian public. The results show that, from the lab via the media to the general public, communication is characterized by two important tendencies: first, communication becomes increasingly focused on concrete applications of Synthetic Biology; and second, biotechnology represents an important benchmark against which Synthetic Biology is being evaluated. 相似文献
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Synthetic Biology is in a critical phase of its development: it has finally reached the point where it can move from proof-of-principle studies to real-world applications. Secondary metabolite biosynthesis, especially the discovery and production of antibiotics, is a particularly relevant target area for such applications of synthetic biology. The first international conference to explore this subject was held in Spain in October 2011. In four sessions on General Synthetic Biology, Filamentous Fungal Systems, Actinomyces Systems, and Tools and Host Structures, scientists presented the most recent technological and scientific advances, and a final-day Forward Look Plenary Discussion identified future trends in the field. 相似文献
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Jenny Rooke 《Systems and synthetic biology》2013,7(3):67-72
Synthetic biology has the potential to contribute breakthrough innovations to the pursuit of new global health solutions. Wishing to harness the emerging tools of synthetic biology for the goals of global health, in 2011 the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation put out a call for grant applications to “Apply Synthetic Biology to Global Health Challenges” under its “Grand Challenges Explorations” program. A highly diverse pool of over 700 applications was received. Proposed applications of synthetic biology to global health needs included interventions such as therapeutics, vaccines, and diagnostics, as well as strategies for biomanufacturing, and the design of tools and platforms that could further global health research. 相似文献
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立德树人是教育事业的根本任务,课程思政是将立德树人融入教育各环节、各领域的重要手段。"细胞生物学"既是现代生命科学的前沿分支学科之一,也是高校生命科学类专业的重要课程。该文在课程思政的背景下,选择新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情(简称:新冠疫情)为载体,以"细胞生物学"课程中"病毒的特征、入侵、增殖"为主线,从"教学内容的甄选"和"实施策略"两个方面着手,开展聚焦新冠疫情下"细胞生物学"课程思政教学的深入探讨。该研究旨在引导学生在研习专业知识的基础上,提升其科学素养、树立其正确的价值观,为侧重新冠疫情的课程思政研究提供重要参考。 相似文献