The use of one-bead one-compound combinatorial library method to identify peptide ligands for α4β1 integrin receptor in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma

Summary Using a ‘one-bead one-compound’ combinatorial library method and whole cell binding assay, we have identified peptide ligands that bind preferentially to human lymphoid malignant cells but not to normal human peripheral lymphocytes. These peptides have a common motif of Leu-Asp-Ile, Leu-Asp-Phe, or Leu-Asp-Val. Anti-α4 integrin antibody blocks binding of cells to these peptides which indicates that the target receptor for these peptides is α4β1 integrin. These findings may have important therapeutic and diagnostic implications in the treatment of lymphoma, leukemia, and various immunologic disorders.     

Identifying peptide ligands for cell surface receptors using cell-growth-on-bead assay and one-bead one-compound combinatorial library

A cell-growth-on-bead assay was used to screen one-bead, one-compound combinatorial libraries for peptide ligands that attract attachment and growth of human lung cancer cells. A consensus cyclic peptide sequence, d-cys-l-asn-l-gly-l-arg-l-gly-l-glu-l-gln-d-cys (cNGRGEQc), was identified as a ligand for a cell surface receptor, 31 integrin. This peptide ligand and its analogs have the potential to be used as diagnostic and therapeutic agents for lung cancer.     

组合生物催化

自然界最有效的分子是由酶催化的反应所产生,并对这些产物进行自然选择,使其具有优化的生理活性,组合生物催化（Combinatorial Biocatalysis)利用酶反应的多样性,完成有机库（Organic Library)的反复合成,这些反复的反应,可以用分离的酶或全细胞,在天然或非天然的环境中、在溶液或固相中与底物进行反应。组合生物催化是组合方法的在药物发现和发展中产生和优化先导化合物（LeadCompound)的一个有力补充。     

一种特异性识别非小细胞肺癌A549细胞的小分子肽

应用\"一个珠子一个化合物\"的组合化学肽库,以期筛选得到特异性识别非小细胞肺癌细胞(A549)的小分子肽.初次筛选共得到29个与A549阳性结合的珠子,经氨基酸序列分析后发现含有-NGXG-肽链结构的序列共有10个.选择cNGQGEQc作进一步的细胞特异性研究,发现cNGQGEQc与非小细胞肺癌A549、Calu-1及H178的粘附特异性明显高于其他细胞系,对cNGQGEQc的结构分析显示,-NGXG-及六肽长度对小分子肽与A549细胞的粘附非常重要.标记FITC的小分子肽cNGQGEQc能与A549细胞发生特异性结合.用抗整合素的抗体(!1～6,\"v和#1～5)阻断小分子肽与A549细胞表面的相应受体结合,结果显示,α3与$亚单位的任何组合均对cNGQGEQc与A549细胞的粘附有明显的阻断作用.结果表明,小分子肽cNGQGEQc是通过细胞表面整合素α3与非小细胞肺癌A549发生特异性结合.     

一种特异性识别小细胞肺癌细胞的小分子肽

应用“一个珠子一个化合物”的组合化学肽库技术,筛选得到特异性识别小细胞肺癌细胞(DMS53)的小分子肽.初次筛选共得到32个与DMS53阳性结合的珠子,经氨基酸序列分析后发现,含有cNGRXXXc或cXNGRXXc肽链结构的序列共有10个.再次合成三种有代表性的小分子肽,发现cFNGRQQc与DMS53的结合率明显高于其他小分子肽.选择cFNGRQQc作进一步的细胞特异性研究,发现cFNGRQQc与DMS53的粘附特异性明显高于其他细胞系,对cFNGRQQc的结构分析显示,-NGR-及六肽长度对小分子肽与DMS53细胞的粘附非常重要.用抗整合素、E-cadherin、NCAM及ICAM的抗体或多肽阻断小分子肽与DMS53细胞表面的相应受体结合,未见明显的阻断效应.小分子肽与DMS53细胞表面的结合位点有待于进一步证实.     

Combinatorial Chemistry of Nucleic Acids: SELEX

A method of irrational oligonucleotide design, SELEX, is considered. Individual SELEX products, aptamers, are small molecules (40–100 nt) that have a unique three-dimensional structure, which provides for their specific and high-affinity binding to targets varying from low-molecular-weight ligands to proteins. Thus, the sophisticated biosynthesis of recognizing protein elements, antibodies, can be emulated in vitro via selection and synthesis of principally new recognizing elements based on nucleic acids.     

Dynamic combinatorial libraries of artificial repeat proteins

Repeat proteins are found in almost all cellular systems, where they are involved in diverse molecular recognition processes. Recent studies have suggested that de novo designed repeat proteins may serve as universal binders, and might potentially be used as practical alternative to antibodies. We describe here a novel chemical methodology for producing small libraries of repeat proteins, and screening in parallel the ligand binding of library members. The first stage of this research involved the total synthesis of a consensus-based three-repeat tetratricopeptide (TPR) protein (～14 kDa), via sequential attachment of the respective peptides. Despite the effectiveness of the synthesis and ligation steps, this method was found to be too demanding for the production of proteins containing variable number of repeats. Additionally, the analysis of binding of the individual proteins was time consuming. Therefore, we designed and prepared novel dynamic combinatorial libraries (DCLs), and show that their equilibration can facilitate the formation of TPR proteins containing up to eight repeating units. Interestingly, equilibration of the library building blocks in the presence of the biologically relevant ligands, Hsp90 and Hsp70, induced their oligomerization into forming more of the proteins with large recognition surfaces. We suggest that this work presents a novel simple and rapid tool for the simultaneous screening of protein mixtures with variable binding surfaces, and for identifying new binders for ligands of interest.