中国兰科一新记录属──指柱兰属

报道了中国兰科植物一个分布新记录的属－指柱兰属和该属一新记录的种－指柱兰。     

绞股蓝饮料的开发研究

以绞股蓝为主要原料,配以甘草、蜂蜜等,选择出适宜的配方和工艺条件,研制出色、香、味俱佳,清凉止渴,具有一定保健功能的天然饮品,有助于绞股蓝这一野生植物资源的开发利用.     

665. SINOBAMBUSA TOOTSIK

Sinobambusa tootsik (Makino) Makino ex Nakai, the Chinese Temple Bamboo, is described and illustrated from material flowering at Kew. Its distribution is given and suggestions for its cultivation are provided.     

小朱兰在广东的首次记录及其意义

报道了广东省朱兰属1新记录——小朱兰,并论述了它的分类学、区系学意义。     

浙江省兰科植物2新记录种

报道了浙江省发现的2种兰科植物新记录,分别是采集自浙江省台州市黄岩区划岩山的瘤唇卷瓣兰[Bul-bophyllum japonicum(Makino)Makino]与绿花斑叶兰[Goodyera viridiflora(Bl.)Lindley ex D.Dietrich].凭证标本保存于杭州师范大学标本馆(HTC).     

新蹄盖蕨--一个细齿角蕨的不必要组合

新蹄盖蕨具有长而横卧的根状茎,其叶轴、羽轴及小羽轴下面被有单细胞短毛及多细胞长毛,孢子囊群裸露、椭圆形或圆形,以及孢子周壁表面具褶皱状突起等特征与角蕨属植物相似;叶绿体DNA trnL-F区序列和rbcL序列分析结果均显示新蹄盖蕨与角蕨属成员的亲缘关系密切;新蹄盖蕨与角蕨属的染色体数目也相同。所有形态特征、细胞学及分子学资料均表明新蹄盖蕨属不成立,该种植物属于角蕨属,应恢复其名称“细齿角蕨”。     

3-D numerical investigations into the shear strength of the soil–root system of Makino bamboo and its effect on slope stability

This study attempts to quantify the reinforcement effect of the Makino bamboo (Phyllostachys makinoi Hayata) root system on the stability of slopeland through numerical analyses and in situ tests. Based on the field surveys of Makino bamboo root morphology, a three-dimensional (3-D) numerical model of the soil–root system consisting of the reverse T-shape tap root and hair roots was developed and successfully applied to the finite element simulations of in situ pull-out tests. In the simulations, the soil mass was simulated by a soil element with a perfect elastic–plastic (or Mohr–Coulomb) material model whereas the root system was simulated by a ground anchor element with a linear elastic material model. In addition, a mechanical conversion model with simple mathematical form, which enables a direct transformation of the ultimate pull-out resistance into the shear strength increment of soil–root system was proposed. The conversion model offered a convenient way to quantify the reinforcement effect of the Makino bamboo root system required for the 3-D slope stability analyses. The numerical results indicated that the shear strength increment of the Makino bamboo soil–root system ranged from 18.4 to 26.3 kPa and its effect on the slope stability was insignificant when compared with those adverse influence factors such as the steep slope angle (=50–70°), shallow root depth (=0.8–1.0 m) and large growth height (>10 m) of the Makino bamboo forest slopeland. It can be also speculated that the tension cracks widespread over the slope surface due to the wind loading acting on the bamboo stems and the sequential rainwater infiltration is the dominating factor in the collapse failure of slopeland. For a Makino bamboo forest slopeland with medium slope (25° < slope angle β < 40°), the reinforcement effect of the Makino bamboo root system can mobilize its maximum stabilization capacity when compared with those of slopeland with mild (β < 25°) and steep slopes (β > 40°). Conclusively, the contribution of the Makino bamboo root system to the stability of slopeland is not as significant as expected.     

齿膌茎小蒜--中国新记录种

齿膌茎小蒜 Allium inutile Makino in Bot.Mag.Tokyo 12:104.1898.--Nothoscordum inutile(Makino) Kitamura in Bot.Mag.Tokyo 59:35. 1946.     

绞股蓝的快速繁殖研究

本文报道以广西四个县所产绞股蓝,在MS基本培养基中进行茎段培养,研究植物激素对器官形成的影响。试验结果表明,细胞分裂素BA明显促进芽的形成和增殖,BA和NAA或GA配合使用有助于苗的形成和生长,不同产地的绞股蓝类型均能诱导形成丛生芽,但分化芽数有差异。诱导生根用1/2 MS附加NAA或IBA,试管苗一年四季移栽均获得较高的成活率。幼苗移栽大田生长良好,当年可获得较好产量。     

绞股蓝多糖的研究进展

绞股蓝多糖是绞股蓝中重要的药用活性成分：本文详细介绍了有关绞股蓝多糖的组成成分、生理活性和发展前景等的国内外研究概况。另外,介绍了本文作者所在实验室对绞股蓝多糖的研究,通过正交实验,表明在最佳的提取条件下．绞股蓝多糖的水提取率可以达到10％左右,组成绞股蓝的单一多糖至少有4种。     

Chloroplast DNA sequencing and detailed microsatellite genotyping of all remnant populations suggests that only a single genet survives of the critically endangered plant Rehmannia japonica

Journal of Plant Research - Rehmannia japonica (Thunb.) Makino ex T. Yamaz. is an endangered perennial herb species in Japan. Although earlier the Japanese considered it a variety of R. glutinosa,...     

Development of microsatellite markers for Pasania edulis (Makino) Makino, one of the dominant species of lucidphyllous forests in southern Kyushu, Japan

Pasania edulis (Makino) Makino is a Fagaceous tree species endemic to Japan and one of the dominant species in lucidphyllous forests in southern Kyushu, Japan. Recently, P. edulis was attacked by ambrosia beetles, Platypus quereivorus (Murayama) and mass mortality occurred in several areas in southern Kyushu. We isolated and characterized ten microsatellite loci in this species to reveal the genetic structure and gene flow. The number of alleles ranged from 3 to 11 and expected heterozygosities from 0.3761 to 0.8346. The markers described here will be useful for investigating the genetic diversity, genetic structure and gene flow, and planning for conservation of viable population of P. edulis.     

A Revision of Subtribe Pleioblastinae Keng & Keng f.

This paper deals with the taxa of tribe Arundinarieae Steud. subtribe Pleiobalastinae Keng and Keng f. which comprised three genera (Pseudosasa Makino, Pleioblastus Nakai and Brachystachyum Keng) when it was established in 1957. With the analysis of morphological characters and geographical distribution, a number of revisions connected with the taxon are made as follows: (1) Genus Brachystachyum Keng is transferred to the tribe Shibataeeae Nakai according to its false inflorescence. (2) Genus Pseudosasa Makino is transferred to subtribe Sasinae Keng f. according to our study on the numerical taxonomic method. (3) Some species of Pleioblastus Nakai established by Keng and Keng f. should be revised. Pleioblastus actinotrichus (Merr. and Chun) Keng f. should be Ampelocalamus actinotrichus (Merr. and Chun) S. L. Chen, T. H. Wen and G. Y. Sheng in subtribe Thamnocalaminae Keng f.; Pleioblastus dolichanthus (Keng) Keng f. is the synonym of Sinobambusa tootsik (Sieb.) Makino, belonging to tribe Shibataeeae Nakai. The rest species remain in this genus. Since the genus Pleioblastus is related to genus Arundinaria Michaux., subtribe Pleioblastus Keng and Keng f. does not seem to have a reason to be retained as a subtribe in tribe Arundinarieae Steud., according to the newest Code (1978). A part of it should be a synonym of subtribe Arundinariinae and we may cite it as follows: Subtribe Arundinariinae——Subtribe Pleioblastinae Keng and Keng f. pro parte, syn. nov. The other parts of it should be transferred to other subtribes or tribes. In addition, one new variety in Branchystachyum, two new species, one new variety in Pseudosasa and six new species, three new varieties in Pleioblastus, are described in this paper.     

中国大陆的一种植物新记录

1985年,我在参加由安徽省芜湖市科委、卫生局和九华山管理处联合组织的九华山植物资源调查中,采到一种兰科毛兰属植物,经鉴定系葡萄毛兰Eria reptans(Fr. et Sav.)Makino。本种只记载分布于日本和我国台湾岛,而在中国大陆是地理分布新记录。同时,毛兰属也是安徽省地理分布新记录的属。     

我国三种苦草的比较形态观察

苦草属(Vallisneria)在我国分布广,蕴藏量大,目前已发表的种类有苦草(V.spiralis L.)密齿苦草(V.denseserrulata(Makino)Makino)刺苦草(V.spinulosa Yan),亚洲苦草(V.asiatica Miki),大苦草(V.gigantea Gtaco.)(产台湾),但对这5种植物仅在宏观的形态特征方面作一般描述,微观方面的资料尚感欠缺。本文特对密齿苦草、刺苦草和亚洲苦草作较详细论述。为了核实野外所采标术雌雄株配对是否正确和进一步深入研究,我们对每种苦草只用同一果实的种子在室内进行播种培植,以观察比较它们之间各个发育阶段的形态特征。此外,还利用扫描电子显微镜对其雄花、花粉粒和种子进行了观察研究。结果表明:亚洲苦草的雄花仅有1枚发育雄蕊;花中无退化雄蕊和退化花瓣;果实长园柱形,光滑无刺;种子倒卵状长棒形。种皮上有许多腺毛,而密齿苦草和刺苦草的雄花均具2枚发育雄蕊,花中各有1枚退化雄蕊和退化花瓣。但前者的果实是三棱状长柱形,光滑无刺;种子倒卵状长棒形,无毛状或翅状突起物。而后者的果实虽仍为长柱状三棱形,但各条棱上有小刺状突起;种子倒卵形,有5—2翅。     

TA29-barnase基因转化菜心

利用根癌农杆菌导入法, 以菜心带柄子叶为外植体, 对TA29-barnase基因转化菜心进行研究。获得转化植株,进行PCR、Southern blotting杂交和半定量RT-PCR检测, 表明目的基因已经整合到转化植株中, 并且目的基因在转基因植株花蕾中得到表达, 但是表达水平在不同转基因植株间存在差别; 转基因植株开花后, 均表现雄性不育, 不能产生花粉或产生没有活力的少量花粉, 自交不能结实; 用未转化植株正常花粉对雄性不育植株进行授粉, 能够正常结实; 保持系(未转化植株)与不育株杂交后代中雄性不育株与可育株的比例为1:1, 在杂交后代植株子叶期, 喷洒10 mg/L的PPT可以完全杀死可育株; 利用其他菜心品种为父本与不育株进行杂交, 获得的F1植株在生长势和产量方面表现优势, 表明开展菜心优势育种具有一定的潜力。     

Wikstroemia trichotoma var. flavianthera S. Y. Liu (Thymelaeaceae), a new variety from Guangxi,China

Wikstroemia trichotoma (Thunb.) Makino var. flavianthera S. Y. Liu, a new variety of the Thymelaeaceae from Guangxi, China, is described in detail. This variety is different from the typical one by having more leaf nerves, up to 11 pairs, calyx tube not