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转基因植物的安全性评价 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
目前转基因植物及其产品已进入商业化阶段,在发展农业生物基因工程技术的同时,应对农业生物遗传体从实验研究到商品化生产进行全程安全性评价和监控管理,从而有效保障人类和环境的安全。 相似文献
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转基因植物的环境及食品安全性 总被引:75,自引:1,他引:75
本文就国际上转基因植物的环境安全性和食品安全性作了评述,描述了已积累的科学数据和经验,并对存在的问题,安全性评估和监控的总趋势作了讨论。 相似文献
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所谓转基因植物,是指运用DNA重组技术将外源基因整合到受体植物基因组中,从而改变其基因组成,这种基因组结构发生改变的植物及其后代就是转基因植物。1983年,世界上第一株转基因植物,是由美国科学家研发出来的转基因烟草。1986年首批转基因作物被批准进行小规模田间试 相似文献
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转基因植物的环境及食品安全性 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
贾士荣 《中国生物工程杂志》1997,17(6):37-42
本文就国际上转基因植物的环境安全性和食品安全性作了评述,描述了已积累的科学数据和经验,并对存在的问题、安全性评估和监控的总趋势作了讨论。 相似文献
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生物工程实验室与转基因植物的安全性评价 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本阐述了生物技术和生物安全的科学涵义,对生物工程实验室以及转基因植物潜在的生物安全问题做了详尽的说明,并提出了相应的防范措施和建议,对生物工程特别是转基因植物的前景进行了分析展望。 相似文献
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卡那霉素在植物转基因中的应用及其抗性基因的生物安全性评价 总被引:26,自引:0,他引:26
介绍了卡那霉素在转基因植物筛选中的作用机理及其在植物转化过程和转化后代中的应用现状。卡那霉素不仅在植物转化过程中可起到筛选作用,而且在转化后代中可通过其对后代进行遗传分析和测定种子纯度,同时还可用于后代田间成株的筛选。随着卡那霉素的广泛使用,卡那霉素抗性基因的安全性问题日益受到重视。概述了转基因植物的杂草化、卡那霉素抗性基因的水平扩散、抗生素医疗安全性和食用安全性等方面的研究进展 。 相似文献
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随着转基因作物的大规模商业种植,其对非靶生物的安全性问题已经成为转基因生物风险评估的重要内容。有些转基因植物是需要蜂类传粉的显花植物.有些则可作为蜂类的食物来源。抗性转基因植物可能对蜂类产生直接和间接的影响。转基因植物的花粉或者花蜜可能对蜂类产生直接影响,测试化学杀虫剂安全性的相同方法被用来评估这种影响。很多研究测试了纯化的转基因蛋白质(如Bt,蛋白酶抑制剂)对蜜蜂和熊蜂的影响。间接影响来自于遗传转化可能使转基因植物的表型产生的异常变化,特别是花的改变。这种影响是用转基因植物进行评估的。转基因植物对蜂类的影响研究所测定的参数包括蜂类的肠道生理、取食和嗅觉学习行为、经口毒性和寿命等。对在实验室中以幼蜂或者成年蜂为对象、在封闭条件下针对蜂群的研究以及蜂类在转基因植物上的取食行为方面的研究进行了总结。结果表明,转基因植物是否对传粉蜂类产生影响以及影响的大小主要取决于转基因植物的生物学特征、转基因蛋白的性质和表达量。一般来说,Bt毒素蛋白和葡聚糖酶等蛋白质对蜂类没有影响;而某些蛋白酶抑制剂和几丁质酶则可能对蜂类产生不利影响,蜂类所摄取到这类蛋白质的剂量将决定影响的程度。然而,由于采用的研究方法各不相同,难以对不同的研究结果进行分析和比较,并得出明确的结论。 相似文献
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Progress in the evaluation of transgenic fish for possible ecological risk and its containment strategies
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Genetically improved transgenic fish possess many beneficial economic traits; however, the commercial aquaculture of transgenic fish has not been performed till date. One of the major reasons for this is the possible ecological risk associated with the escape or release of the transgenic fish. Using a growth hormone transgenic fish with rapid growth characteristics as a subject, this paper analyzes the following: the essence of the potential ecological risks posed by transgenic fish; ecological risk in the current situation due to transgenic fish via one-factor phenotypic and fitness analysis, and mathematical model deduction. Then, it expounds new ideas and the latest findings using an artificially simulated ecosystem for the evaluation of the ecological risks posed by transgenic fish. Further, the study comments on the strategies and principles of controlling these ecological risks by using a triploid approach. Based on these results, we propose that ecological risk evaluation and prevention strategies are indispensable important components and should be accompanied with breeding research in order to provide enlightments for transgenic fish breeding, evaluation of the ecological risks posed by transgenic fish, and development of containment strategies against the risks. 相似文献
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Genetically improved transgenic fish possess many beneficial economic traits; however, the commercial aquaculture of transgenic fish has not been performed till date. One of the major reasons for this is the possible ecological risk associated with the escape or release of the transgenic fish. Using a growth hormone transgenic fish with rapid growth characteristics as a subject, this paper analyzes the following: the essence of the potential ecological risks posed by transgenic fish; ecological risk in the current situation due to transgenic fish via one-factor phenotypic and fitness analysis, and mathematical model deduction. Then, it expounds new ideas and the latest findings using an artificially simulated ecosystem for the evaluation of the ecological risks posed by transgenic fish. Further, the study comments on the strategies and principles of controlling these ecological risks by using a triploid approach. Based on these results, we propose that ecological risk evaluation and prevention strategies are indispensable important components and should be accompanied with breeding research in order to provide enlightments for transgenic fish breeding, evaluation of the ecological risks posed by transgenic fish, and development of containment strategies against the risks. Supported by the Development Plan of the State Key Fundamental Research of China (Grant Nos. 2007CB109205 and 2007CB109206), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 30430540), and the ‘863’ High Technology Project (Grant No. 2006AA10Z141) 相似文献
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The removal of selected marker genes from transgenic plants is necessary to address biosafety concerns and to carry out further
experiments with transgenic organisms. In the present study, the 12-amino-acid membrane translocation sequence (MTS) from
the Kaposi fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-4 was used as a carrier to deliver enzymatically active Cre proteins into living
plant cells, and to produce a site-specific DNA excision in transgenic rice plants. The process, which made cells permeable
to Cre recombinase-mediated DNA recombination, circumvented the need to express Cre under spatiotemporal control and was proved
to be a simple and efficient system to achieve marker-free transgenic plants. The ultimate aim of the present study is to
develop commercial rice cultivars free from selected marker genes to hasten public acceptance of transgenic crops. 相似文献
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转基因产品的安全性及其对应策略 总被引:22,自引:1,他引:22
目前,生物安全性问题已成为转基因技术及其产品能否获得足够的研究空间和良好开发市场的关键所在。然而,在重视安全性的同时,也必然认识到转基因技术及其产品的出现乃是人类社会发展的客观必然。当务之急不应该是简单地反对或赞成,而是必须对转基因产品进行全面、充分的研究和客观、具体的评价,从而使其在造福于人类的同时,能有效地减少或避免对人类健康及其生存环境可能产生的潜在危害。当然,对社会公众进行科学宣传和指导,从而使其在对转基因产品具有客观了解的基础上培养一种健康的接受心态也是必需的。本在简述转基因产品安全性及其研究现状的基础上,提出若干对应策略,希望能引起社会各界的共识。 相似文献
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Kiran K. Sharma H. C. Sharma N. Seetharama Rodomiro Ortiz 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2002,38(2):106-115
Summary Recombinant DNA technology has great potential to enhance and extend the advantages of conventional plant breeding, and increase
the production and productivity of crops to meet the increasing demand for food and food products in the future. Judicious
application of this technology provides opportunities for alleviating some of the major constraints to crop productivity under
subsistence farming conditions in the developing countries. Considerable progress has been made in developing strategies for
the production and deployment of transgenic crops. However, biosafety concerns have been raised regarding the deployment and
release of genetically engineered plants. This debate has divided the farming and consumer communities over acceptability
of genetically modified foods. There is a need for a thorough investigation regarding the fate of transgenic plants in the
environment, and their interaction with wild relatives and non-target organisms. The production and release of transgenic
plants should be based on experience and sound scientific reasoning. The regulatory requirements for deployment of transgenic
crops should be streamlined and harmonized, in order to achieve sustainable food production, poverty reduction, and environmental
protection in resource-poor countries in the semi-arid tropics. 相似文献
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