微生物燃料电池中产电微生物的研究进展

产电微生物是微生物燃料电池系统的核心组成, 本文从生物学角度介绍了几种产电微生物的分类学地位、形态特征、生理生化特征及在微生物燃料电池中的产电机理和产电能力, 分析了利用产电微生物进行废水处理同时生物发电的应用前景, 提出产电微生物在MFC系统中的进一步研究方向为微生物的富集、驯化、改造和多种菌种优化组合等。     

微生物燃料电池中阳极产电微生物的研究进展

微生物燃料电池（MFC）是利用阳极产电微生物为催化剂降解有机废物直接将化学能转化为电能的装置。在MFC系统中,产电微生物是影响产电性能的核心要素之一。介绍了MFC中产电微生物的最新研究现状,详细讨论了产电微生物的种类、产电机理和产电能力．为产电微生物的富集、驯化、改造和多种菌种优化组合提供思路。     

产电微生物及微生物燃料电池最新研究进展

新型产电微生物(Electricigens)的发现,使得微生物燃料电池概念的内涵发生了根本性的变化,展现了广阔的应用前景。这种微生物能够以电极作为唯一电子受体,把氧化有机物获得的电子通过电子传递链传递到电极产生电流,同时微生物从中获得能量而生长。这种代谢被认为是一种新型微生物呼吸方式。以这种新型微生物呼吸方式为基础的微生物燃料电池可以同时进行废水处理和生物发电,有望可以把废水处理发展成一个有利可图的产业,是MFC最有发展前景的方向。     

微生物燃料电池阳极微生物群落对乳酸-丙酸-乳酸底物转换的响应特征

摘要:【目的】为探讨底物波动对微生物燃料电池(MFC)产电效能和阳极微生物群落的影响,【方法】依次以乳酸-丙酸-乳酸为底物,应用不依赖于培养的微生物分子生态学技术,解析单室MFC 启动及底物替换过程中阳极微生物群落的动态学响应特征。【结果】底物的更换过程降低了MFC的产电效能,当改变为新底物后,MFC需要较长的产电恢复期。同时,底物的转换改变了阳极微生物群落结构,Anaeromusa spp.、Pseudomonas spp．以及Thiobacillus thioparus对乳酸底物具有很好的响应,随着乳酸底物的投加而富集;丙酸底物对Dechloromonas spp.和Comamonas testosteroni等类群表现出较强的选择作用;而产电微生物Geobacter spp.由于利用乳酸、丙酸的共同代谢产物乙酸为底物而被逐渐富集,是多种底物替换过程的重叠种群。【结论】本研究表明,MFC的阳极微生物群落组成与投加的底物有较强的对应性,为了减缓底物波动对MFC产电过程的影响,应尽量采用混合有机底物,以提供宽泛的营养生态位,提高种群的功能重叠性。     

微生物燃料电池处理含硫废水研究进展

目前含硫废水污染很大,微生物燃料电池具有高效环境友好的特点成为研究热点。本文简要概述微生物燃料电池结构和发展历史,利用微生物燃料电池技术处理含硫废水的研究进展,最后分析了目前研究发展趋势和展望。     

纳米材料修饰微生物燃料电池阳极的研究进展

阳极作为微生物燃料电池中的重要组成部分,其性能的高低显著影响着微生物燃料电池的产电性能。纳米材料具有导电性好、表面积大等优良特性。因此,纳米材料修饰阳极能够有效减小电极内阻、增大微生物的粘附量,从而显著提高微生物燃料电池的产电性能。本文首先简要介绍了微生物燃料电池中阳极修饰纳米材料的种类,然后重点归纳了不同纳米材料修饰阳极对微生物燃料电池产电性能的影响及其原因。最后对微生物燃料电池阳极修饰纳米材料和技术进行展望。     

光合细菌在微生物燃料电池中的应用研究进展

微生物燃料电池(Microbial fuel cells,MFCs)降解污染物的同时产生电能,受到广泛关注。光合细菌在MFCs领域的应用实现了污水处理、CO2捕捉、光电转换等多重功能,并显示出了良好的产电特性。本文根据光合细菌在MFCs中所起作用的不同对其产电机理进行评述,并在此基础上分析了光照对光合细菌型MFCs产电性能的影响;针对当前研究的不足与面临的问题,提出了今后光合细菌在MFCs领域的应用前景与发展方向。     

微生物燃料电池中产电微生物的系统发育分析及筛选

对污水处理厂曝气池的产电微生物进行富集并利用纯培养法筛选,采用基于16S rRNA基因序列的系统发育分析方法研究了产电微生物的生物多样性,并基于三电极体系绘制出的循环伏安曲线鉴别出产电性能较强的纯菌株。结果表明,菌株F003、F042和F050与其系统发育关系最密切的有效发表种的典型菌株的16S rRNA基因序列存在较大差异,分别代表新的分类单元。之后又对所获得的38株菌株进行电化学测试活性,得出4株活性较强的菌株,其中菌株F010和F017的电化学活性比菌株F007和F051更为显著。     

微生物燃料电池阳极产电微生物和阴极受体特性及研究进展

介绍微生物燃料电池的基本工作原理。根据电子传递方式阳极产电微生物分为无需中间体微生物和需中间体微生物。对阴极进行不同反应所涉及的最终电子受体进行了概述,并展望了微生物燃料电池的应用前景。     

Digestion of Algal Biomass for Electricity Generation in Microbial Fuel Cells

We developed a semi-automated genome analysis system called GAMBLER in order to support the current whole-genome sequencing project focusing on alkaliphilic Bacillus halodurans C-125. GAMBLER was designed to reduce the human intervention required and to reduce the complications in annotating thousands of ORFs in the microbial genome. GAMBLER automates three major routines: analyzing assembly results provided by genome assembler software, assigning ORFs, and homology searching. GAMBLER is equipped with an interface for convenience of annotation. All processes and options are manipulatable through a WWW browser that enables scientists to share their genome analysis results without choosing computer platforms.     

The Remediation of Chromium (VI)-Contaminated Soils Using Microbial Fuel Cells

Chromium (VI) is a priority pollutant in soil and water and poses serious threats to the environment. Microbial fuel cells (MFCs), as a sustainable technology, have been applied to treat heavy-metal-contaminated wastewater. To study MFC application in soil remediation, red clay soil and fluvo-aquic soil were spiked with Cr(VI) and packed into a cathode chamber of MFCs, which were then operated at external resistances of 100 and 1000 Ω for 16 days, with open circuit condition as a control treatment. After the operation, the concentration of dissolved Cr(VI) in supernatant and total Cr(VI) in soil was decreased. Soil type and external resistance significantly affected the current, removal efficiency of Cr(VI), and cathode efficiency. Reducing external resistance improved the removal efficiency. The red soil generated a higher current of MFCs, but showed a lower removal efficiency and cathode efficiency than fluvo-aquic soil, implying that the red soil may contain more electron acceptors that competed with Cr(VI) reduction reaction. Our study demonstrated that MFC-based technology has the potential to remediate Cr(VI)-contaminated soil; the efficiency varied between soil types and can be improved with high current.     

糖尿病病人的红细胞能量代谢

糖尿病病人内环境的改变影响了其体内红细胞的葡萄糖摄取率、胞内糖酵解酶活性、能量代谢中间产物含量以及ATP的储存与利用。这些因素共同作用于红细胞能量代谢的整个过程,使病人红细胞能量代谢发生改变,从而影响红细胞自身的结构、性质以及功能,引起机体组织微循环紊乱、供氧不足等,促进糖尿病并发症的产生。本文对糖尿病病人红细胞能量代谢的相关研究及分子机制进行总结,这些有助于了解糖尿病病人红细胞能量代谢发生的改变,并为糖尿病病人微血管病变的预防、诊断及治疗提供新的思路。     

The Relationship of Cobalt Requirement to Vitamin B12-dependent Methionine Synthesis in Rhizobium meliloti

As a growth factor, Rhizobium meliloti required cobalt ion, or vitamin B₁₂ which was found to be incorporated into the cells without decomposition to cobalt ion. Trial of replacement for cobalt ion by the addition of various compounds to the cobalt-deficient medium revealed that methionine could substitute for cobalt ion and promote the growth in response to its concentration. Furthermore, B₁₂-dependent methionine synthetase was demonstrated in the cell-free extracts of this microorganism. The morphological change of R. meliloti by the additions to the medium was observed microscopically.     

Microbial reduction of Cr(VI) in the presence of chromate conversion coating constituents

The reduction of Cr(VI) by the metal-reducing bacterium Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 was evaluated, to determine the potential for exploiting Cr(VI) bioreduction as a means of treating chromate conversion coating (CCC) waste streams. Inclusion of Cr(VI) at concentrations ≥1 mM inhibited aerobic growth of S. oneidensis, but that organism was able to reduce Cr(VI) at a concentration of up to 1 mM under anaerobic, nongrowth conditions. S. oneidensis reduced Cr(VI) in the presence of common CCC constituents, with the exception of ferricyanide, when these CCC constituents were included at concentrations typical of CCC waste streams. Ferricyanide inhibited neither aerobic growth nor metabolism under aerobic, nitrate- or iron-reducing conditions, suggesting that the ferricyanide-depended inhibition of Cr(VI) reduction is not due to broad metabolic inhibition, but is specific to Cr(VI) reduction. Results indicate that under some conditions, the activities of metal-reducing bacteria, such as S. oneidensis, could be exploited for the removal of Cr(VI) from CCC waste streams under appropriate conditions.     

Energy Requirements of Carbon Nanoparticle Production

Energy requirements for fullerene and nanotube synthesis are calculated from literature data and presented for a number of important production processes, including fluidized bed and floating catalyst chemical vapor deposition (CVD), carbon monoxide disproportionation, pyrolysis, laser ablation, and electric arc and solar furnace synthesis. To produce data for strategic forward‐looking assessments of the environmental implications of carbon nanoparticles, an attempt is made to balance generality with sufficient detail for individual processes, a trade‐off that will likely be inherent in the analysis of many nanotechnologies. Critical energy and production issues are identified, and potential improvements in industrial‐scale processes are discussed. Possible interactions with industrial ecosystems are discussed with a view toward integrating synthesis to mitigate the impacts of large‐scale carbon nanoparticle manufacture. Carbon nanoparticles are found to be highly energy‐intensive materials, on the order of 2 to 100 times more energy‐intensive than aluminum, even with idealized production models.     

微生物法生产丙烯酸的研究进展

目前,丙烯酸工业生产都是利用石油产品丙烯氧化得到,石油的不可再生性迫使人们寻找新的替代方法,利用微生物来生产丙烯酸是个有希望的选择。该文回顾了近期利用微生物法生产丙烯酸的研究和进展,介绍了利用不同原料生产丙烯酸的方法,并对微生物法生产丙烯酸的可行性进行了展望。