黑龙江东部龙爪沟群七虎林组菊石之修定

梁中发和王义刚分别于１９８２年和１９８３年记载了产自黑龙江东部龙爪沟群六虎林组的菊石化石。这些化石标本保存相当差，均为压模标本，当时鉴定计有ＡｒｃｔｏｃｅｐｈａｌｉｔｅｓｐｅｉｄｅｅｎｓｉｓＬｉａｎｇ，ＣａｌｌｉｐｈｙｌｌｏｃｅｒａｓｙｕｎｓｈａｎｅｎｓｅＬｉａｎｇ，ＯｘｙｃｅｒｉｅｓｙｕｎｓｈａｎｅｎｓｉｓＬｉａｎｇ，Ｌｏｂｏｋｏｓｍｏｃｅｒａｓ？ｓｐ．和Ｓｔｅｎｏｃａｄｏｃｅｒａｓｓｐ．（梁中反，１９８２）；Ａｒｃｔｏｃｐｔｈａｌｉｔｅｓ（Ｃｒａｎｏｃｅｐｈａｌｉｔｅｓ）ｈｕｌｉｎｅｎｓｉｓＷａｎｇ，Ｓｔｅｎｏｃａｄｏｃｅｒａｓ？ｓｐ．和Ｇｅｎ．ｅｔｓｐ．ｉｎｄｅｔ（王义刚，１９８３）９种。尽管他们记述菊石的产出地层名称不一，属、种鉴定也不相同，但这些化石确系产自同一层位或相当的层位中，而且都定其产出的层位时代为中佛罗世Ｂａｔｈｏｎｉａｎ期。最近，经重新研究这些化石的原标本后，认为它们应归于Ｋｅｎｎｉｃｏｔｔｉａ，Ｋｏｓｓｍａｔｉｃｅｒａｓ和Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｈａｐｌｏｃｅｒａｓ（或为ｓｉｌｅｓｉｔｉｄ）这几个类型。从这几个菊石类型的地质历程来看。     

辽西义县组长节锯蜂科(昆虫纲,膜翅目)昆虫化石

描述产自辽宁西部北票上园地区和凌源大王杖子义县组长节锯蜂科（Ｘｙｅｌｉｄａｅ）巨长节锯蜂亚科（Ｍａｃｒｏｘｙｅｌｉｎａｅ）昆虫化石１２种,归于４族８属,其中６新属１２新种,包括Ａｎｇａｒｉｄｙｅｌａ ｒｏｂｕｓｔａ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,Ａｎｇａｒｉｄｙｅｌａ ｅｘｃｕｌｐｔａ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,Ａｎｇａｒｉｄｙｅｌａ ｓｕｓｐｅｃｔａ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,Ａｎｇａｒｉｄｙｅｌａ ｅｎｄｅｍｉｃａ ｓｐ．ｎｏ     

中国奥姬小蜂属(Aulogymnus Forster)研究(膜翅目:姬小蜂科)(英文)

本文研究了中国奥姬小蜂属（Ａｕｌｏｇｙｍｎｕｓ 　Ｆｏｒｓｔｅｒ）,该属在中国是首次发现。本文描述了 ４个新种,Ａ． ｅｌｅｖａｔｕｓ ｓｐ． ｎｏｖ, Ａ． ｈｙａｌｏｐｔｅｒｕｓ　 ｓｐ． ｎｏｖ, Ａ　、ｉｎｓｃｕｌｐｔｕｓ　ｓｐ． ｎｏｖ, Ａ． ｌｏｎｇｉｃａｌｃａｒ　 ｓｐ． ｎｏｖ。所有模式标本保存于中国科学院动物研究所动物标本馆。     

新疆准噶尔盆地北缘早中新世的刺猬化石

记述了采自新疆准噶尔盆地北缘吃巴尔我义早中新世索索泉组的两种双猬化石： Ａｍｐｈｅｃｈｉｎｕｓ ｈｏｈｌｉｎｉ ｓｐ, ｎｏｖ．和Ａ ｃｆ． Ａ． ｍｉｎｉｍｕｓ在大小和 １２＞ ｃ＞ ｐ２等形态 上与甘肃塔朋布鲁克晚渐新世的Ａ．ｋａｎｓｕｅｎｓｉｓ相似,但其ｐ２其ｐ２与ｐ４之间没有齿缺,颏孔的位置在ｐ４的后齿根之下,下颌在ｐ４～ｍｌ的下部较为平直,与后者有明显的差异。 Ａ．ｂｏｈｌｉｎｉ的材 料较多,根据其个体的变异范围,有助于澄清对Ａ．　ｋａｎｓｕｅｎｓｉｓ与Ａ． ｍｉｎｉｍｕｓ的认识。另外,Ａ． ｂｏｈｌｉｎｉ在确定地层时代方面也有潜在的意义。 Ａ． ｃｆ． Ａ． ｍｉｎｉｍｕｓ的尺寸以及ｉｌ、ｐ４和ｍｌ的 形态都与Ａ,ｍｉｎｉｍｕｓ接近,但其水平支略粗壮,颏孔位置较靠后,位于ｍｌ前根之下。     

四川裸蠓二新种（双翅目：蠓科）

本文描述了１９８１年发现了于四川省的蠓科裸蠓属二新种。分别命名为漫游裸蠓Ａｔｒｉｃｈｏｐｏｇｏｎ（Ａ．）ｐｌａｎｅｔｕｓ（采自泸定县）和四梗裸蠓Ａ．（Ｐｓ．）ｔｅｔｒａｍｉｓｃｈｕｓ（采自南川县）。二新种的模式标本均收藏于北京医学昆虫标本馆。     

中国齿裂菌属研究Ⅰ

具裂菌属（Ｃｏｃｃｏｍｙｃｅｓ）二新种,生于映山红（Ｒｈｏｄｏｄｅｎｄｒｏｎ ｓｉｍｓｉｉ）上的卷丝齿裂菌（Ｃ．ｃｉｒｃｉｎａｔｕｓ）和生于乌榄（Ｃａｎａｒｉｕｍ ｐｉｍｅｌａ）上的杯状齿裂菌（Ｃ．ｃｒａｔｅｒｉｆｏｒｍｉｓ）。新种有拉丁文、中文描述和图解,并讨论。模式标本收藏于安徽农业大学森林保护教研室（ＡＡＵＦＰ）。     

西班牙发现森林古猿新材料及其在大型猿类进化中的新见解

西班牙发现森林古猿新材料及其在大型猿类进化中的新见解最近,在西班牙东北部的ＣａｎＩｌｏｂａｔｅｒＣｓ地点发现Ｄｒｙｏｒｉｌｈｅｃｕｓｌａｉｃｌａｎｕｓ的新材料,标本为一具残破的头骨（ＣＬＬ－１８０００）．此头骨包括大部分面骨和保留岩部的拥骨部分．从岩...     

吉林浑江地区早奥陶世亮甲山组的大型短粗壳内角石类

对产自吉林浑江大阳贫早奥陶世亮甲山组的大型粗壳内角石类进行系统进行,共描述２科３属３７种和１个科属未定标本,其中１新属、３新种和２未定种。首次报道Ｐｉｌｏｃｅｒａｔｉｄａｅ科分子（Ｐａｒａｃａｓｓｉｎｏｃｅｒａｓ ｄａｙａｎｇｃｈａｅｎｓｅ ｇｅｎ．ｅｔ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．）在东亚的首次发现。提出角石类内体管构造的４个类型。详细讨论Ｍａｎｃｈｕｒｏｃｅｒａｓ和Ｍａｎｃｈｕｒｃｅｒａｉｄａｅ科的地理分布     

中国东北辽宁省西部几种中生代化石木

对产自辽宁省西部中生代化石木进行了解剖学研究。经鉴定,它们是：朝阳原始云杉型木（新种）（Ｐｒｏｔｏｐｉｃｅｏｘｙｌｏｎ ｃｈａｏｙａｎｇｅｎｓｅ Ｄｕａｎ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．）,西部南洋杉型木（Ａｒａｕｃａｒｉｏｘｙｌｏｎ ｓｉｄｕｇａｗａｅｎｓｅ Ｓｈｉｍａｋｕｒａ）,巴图南洋杉型木（新种）（Ａｒａｕｃａｒｉｏｘｙｌｏｎ ｂａｔｕｅｎｓｅ Ｄｕａｎ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．）和辽西紫杉型木（新种）（Ｔａｘｏｘ     

盘菌纲一新属——新齿裂菌属

在安徽省黄山杜鹃［Ｒｈｏｄｏｄｅｎｄｒｏｎｍａｃｕｌｉｆｅｒｕｍ　Ｆｒａｎｃｈ．ｓｓｐ．ａｎｈｗｅｉｅｎｓｅ（Ｗｉｌｓ．）Ｃｈａｍｂ.］上发现盘菌纲一新属──新齿裂菌属（ＮｅｏｃｏｃｃｏｍｙｃｅｓＹ．RＬｉｎ,Ｃ．Ｔ．Ｘｉａｎｇ＆Ｚ．Ｚ．Ｌｉ）。对该属及其模式种──杜鹃新齿裂茵（ＮｒｈｏｄｏｄｅｎｄｒｉＹ．ＲＬｉｎ,Ｃ．Ｔ．Ｘｉａｎｇ＆Ｚ．Ｚ　Ｌｉ）进行了描述和讨论。主模式标本存放在安徽农业大学森林保护教研室（ＡＡＵＦＰ）．     

内蒙古上渐新统中Yindirtemys(啮齿目,梳趾鼠科)的发现

在内蒙古上渐新统伊克布拉格组中发现的 Yindirtemys 的新材料证明,Yindirtemys woodi 是 Tataromys grangeri 的晚出的同物异名,但 Tataromys grangeri 的特点与典型的 Tataromys 的区别很大,而 Yindirtemys 属仍是有效的.因此,这个种应从 Tataromys 属中排除,而归人 Yindirtemys 属.     

Petrosal bones of metatherian mammals from the Late Palaeocene of Itaboraí (Brazil), and a cladistic analysis of petrosal features in metatherians

Metatherian petrosal bones were recovered from the early Late Palaeocene Itaboraí, Brazil, and are formally described. A cladistic analysis of the distribution of 56 petrosal and basicranial characters among extant and fossil metatherians was conducted, resulting in seven parsimonious trees. Relationships among metatherian ingroup taxa are congruent with current understanding of metatherian phylogeny. Metatheria is diagnosed by eight petrosal synapomorphies: stapedial artery absent in adults; reduced, intramural prootic canal; extrabullar internal carotid artery; inferior petrosal sinus between petrosal, basisphenoid, and basioccipital; cava supracochleare and epiptericum completely separated; reduction of the lateral flange; reduction of the anterior lamina; separation of the jugular foramen from the opening for the inferior petrosal sinus. The Palaeocene taxa Mayulestes , Pucadelphy s, and Andinodelphys from Tiupampa, and Petrosal Type II from Itaboraí are the sister groups of all other South American and Australian metatherians. This analysis confirms previous results showing the South American 'monito del monte' Dromiciops nested within the Australasian radiation. Within this australidelphian clade, Dromiciops is closely related to the dasyurids. The South American Caenolestes appears more closely related to the Australidelphia than to the South American didelphids. The Petrosal Types I, III, IV and V from Itaboraí are the stem taxa of the clade Australidelphia plus Caenolestes . The significant synapomorphies supporting this relationship are: enlargement of the fossa subarcuata that produces a bulbous ventral aspect of the mastoid and loss of post-temporal canal.  Journal compilation © 2007 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society , 2007, 150 , 85–115. No claim to original French government works.     

Patterns of evolutionary transformation in the petrosal bone and some basicranial features in marsupial mammals, with special reference to didelphids

Twelve petrosal and four nonpetrosal characters were coded for representatives of all 15 extant genera of Didelphidae and for 16 additional genera of marsupials representing all extant orders. Three basal metatherians were used as outgroup comparison. Histological sections of a subset of the data were examined. An intermediate position of the hiatus Fallopii supports the monophyly of Didelphidae. Several basicranial regions support different clades within the Didelphidae that recent molecular work has identified, including a sister group relationship of Caluromys and Caluromysiops , the monophyly of large opossums, a Lestodelphys-Thylamys clade, and a Lestodelphys-Thylamys-Gracilinanus-Marmosops clade. Glironia lacks petrosal and jaw synapomorphies of Caluromys and Caluromysiops. The transverse canal, a synapomorphy of the crown-group Marsupialia, opens as a single foramen anterior to the carotid foramen in most marsupials or as numerous foramina in the pterygoid fossa in diprotodontians. It is either intramural (most marsupials) or simply endocranial (most diprotodontians excluding koalas and wombats). Loss of a deep sulcus in the anterior pole of the promontorium for the internal carotid artery and a rostral tympanic process of the petrosal also characterize the groundplan of the crown group Marsupialia. Pouch-young wombats show a groove in the anterior pole of the petrosal for the internal carotid artery. The absence of a prootic canal foramen in the tympanic side of the petrosal of adults supports the monophyly of Australidelphia. Some pouch-young marsupials possess a prootic canal that is later lost in ontogeny. A rather flat promontorium and a crest running medio-distally in the middle of the promontorium characterize Macropodidae.     

Comparative Anatomy of the Petrosal Bone of Dichobunoids,Early Members of Artiodactylamorpha (Mammalia)

Among Artiodactylamorpha, dichobunoids are some of the oldest fossil species that have been associated with Artiodactyla, the crown clade that includes hippopotamids, camelids, suoids, ruminants, and cetaceans. These important fossil species are known from early Eocene rocks of North America, Europe, and Asia, but their phylogenetic position has yet to be well resolved. Before generating such a phylogeny, it is first critical to document all of the anatomy of known dichobunoid fossils. Here we use CT scans to describe previously undescribed anatomy of the petrosal bone, a complex part of the mammalian skull that contains many variable and phylogenetically informative features. Results show that these extinct species share a number of features that are not documented in modern species including a lateral process of the epitympanic wing constituting the medial border of the piriform fenestra, and a tegmen tympani foramen that may have given passage to the ramus superior of the stapedial artery. Future comprehensive phylogenetic studies may show that many of these characters are plesiomophic for Artiodactylamopha. Some species (Diacodexis, Homacodon and ?Helohyus) exhibit a dorsolateral exposure of the mastoid region of the petrosal on the temporal part of the cranium. This uncommon feature has, to our knowledge, not been reported in another euungulate group.     

THE AUDITORY REGION OF EARLY PALEOCENE PUCADELPHYDAE (MAMMALIA, METATHERIA) FROM TIUPAMPA, BOLIVIA, WITH PHYLOGENETIC IMPLICATIONS

Abstract:  New petrosal bones, assigned to Pucadelphys and Andinodelphys , from the Lower Paleocene of Tiupampa, Bolivia, are described. These remains provide new information on the anatomy of the ear region of these taxa. The re-examination of characters from the petrosal and basicranium shed light on the phylogenetic relationships of the three Tiupampan genera known from complete cranial remains (i.e. Mayulestes , Pucadelphys and Andinodelphys ). The combination of dental, general cranial and basicranial characters led to two alternative hypotheses. The first is that borhyaenoids (including Mayulestes ) are nested within Notometatheria. Pucadelphyds (i.e. Pucadelphys and Andinodelphys ) are the sister group of a clade comprising MHNC 8369 (one isolated petrosal from Tiupampa) and Marsupialia. The second favours the paraphyly of 'borhyaenoids' (i.e. the exclusion of Mayulestes from borhyaenoids) and the polyphyly of 'Notometatheria'. In this case, Mayulestes and borhyaenids represent the stem group of a clade including Asiatic, American and Australian metatherians. This analysis of combined datasets (dental, general cranial and basicranial) highlighted contradictory information in the dental and cranial characters, serving to emphasize that in a large anatomical complex like an entire skull mosaic evolution of the characters is likely.     

Cranial Morphology of a Pantolestid Eutherian Mammal from the Eocene Bridger Formation,Wyoming, USA: Implications for Relationships and Habitat

Pantolestinae is a eutherian subfamily of mammals whose members are known from the middle early Paleocene through at least the beginning of the Oligocene of North America. They are also known from Europe, and possibly Africa. A lack of information on pantolestine skulls has prevented the use of cranial anatomy in evaluation of this group’s enigmatic higher-level phylogenetic relationships. Conversely, postcranial skeletons are well known and locomotor interpretations based on them are robust. The most complete known skull of a pantolestine, Pantolestes longicaudus (YPM 13525), is described here and compared to potential close fossil relatives and extant mammals. Semicircular canal morphology is used to test locomotor hypotheses. YPM 13525 lacks an ossified bulla. It has a mediolaterally broad basioccipital, a large entoglenoid process, and a deeply incised glaserian fissure of the squamosal, caudal and rostral tympanic processes on the petrosal, a foramen for an internal carotid artery (ICA) that entered the tympanic cavity from a posteromedial position, bony tubes enclosing the main stem and transpromontorial branch of the ICA, a large anterior carotid foramen formed within the basisphenoid, evidence of a stapedial artery ramus superior, a groove on the dorsal aspect of the basisphenoid leading to the piriform fenestra possibly for drainage of the cavernous sinus to an extracranial inferior petrosal sinus, a dorsum sellae with well-developed posterior clinoid processes, a foramen rotundum within the alisphenoid, and a sphenorbital fissure between the alisphenoid and orbitosphenoid. Overall, the morphology is not strikingly similar to any potential close relative and the phylogenetic position of Pantolestinae cannot be estimated without cladistic analysis of a character matrix that includes this new morphology and broadly samples extant and extinct eutherian taxa. Semicircular canal morphology differs from that of two likely terrestrial Paleocene mammals, Aphronorus (another pantolestid) and Eoryctes (a palaeoryctid), suggesting a different, possibly semi-aquatic, lifestyle for Pantolestes.     

Additional data on early Paleocene metatherians (Mammalia) from Punta Peligro (Salamanca Formation, Argentina): comments based on petrosal morphology

Metatherian remains from Punta Peligro (Chubut Province, Argentina; Salamanca Formation, early Paleocene) are scarce, but at present, there are at least four different taxa known by dental remains. We describe here an incomplete petrosal showing metatherian affinities. Among the dentally known taxa from the same stratigraphic levels, the overall size of the petrosal fits that predicted for Derorhynchus , which in turn was assigned to the order Didelphimorphia. The features of the petrosal we describe do not correspond with the morphology observed among didelphoid marsupials, the only members of Didelphimorphia with well known basicrania, suggesting that if the association of petrosal and dental remains is correct, then referral of Derorhynchus to the Didelphimorphia has to be revised. The taxonomic content of this group of marsupials, as presently interpreted, represents a paraphyletic or polyphyletic grouping of metatherians.     

Cranial circulation of the pen-tailed tree shrewPtilocercus lowii and relationships of Scandentia

The major cranial arteries and veins are described for a 30-mm crown-rump length fetus of the pen-tailed tree shrewPtilocercus lowii, and comparisons are made with cranial vessels reported in the tree shrewTupaia and with the vascular pattern reconstructed for primitive eutherians.Ptilocercus shares a number of derived features of the cranial circulation withTupaia, which, therefore, represent synapomorphies of tree shrews (Tupaiidae, Scandentia). Included are (1) the enclosure of the intratympanic portion of the internal carotid artery in a bony canal that is floored proximally and distally by the entotympanic and by the petrosal in between, (2) the enclosure of the intratympanic portion of the stapedial artery by the petrosal in a canal on the promontorium and within the epitympanic crest beneath the tympanic roof, (3) the absence of an exit for the arteria diploëtica magna, (4) an alisphenoid canal, (5) a maxillary artery that passes medial to the mandibular nerve beneath foramen ovale, and (6) a laryngeopharyngeal artery. Some of these derived features, however, are also found in certain other eutherians (e.g., numbers 2, 3, and 6 in Euprimates) and, therefore, may be used in future studies to assess the higher-level affinities of Scandentia.     

The petrosal and bony labyrinth of Diplobune minor,an enigmatic Artiodactyla from the Oligocene of Western Europe

Anoplotheriinae are Paleogene European artiodactyls that present a unique postcranial morphology with a tridactyl autopodium and uncommon limb orientation. This peculiar morphology led to various hypotheses regarding anoplotheriine locomotion from semiaquatic to partly arboreal or partly bipedal. The petrosal bone, housing the organs of balance, and hearing, offers complementary information to postcranial morphology on the ecology of this uncommon artiodactyl. Here, we investigate the middle ear and bony labyrinth of the small anoplotheriine Diplobune minor based on four specimens from the Early Oligocene locality of Itardies (Quercy, France). A macroscopic study coupled with a μCT scan investigation of the petrosal anatomy provides novel information on the bony labyrinth, stapes, and innervation and vasculature of the inner ear of this enigmatic taxon. The petrosal of D. minor exhibits a mosaic of plesiomorphic characters and peculiar features that shed new light into the anatomy of this poorly studied taxon of an obscure taxonomic clade. We can confidently reject that D. minor was a semiaquatic species based on the petrosal morphology: presence of a large mastoid process and nonpachyostotic tegmen tympani do not support underwater hearing. On the other hand, the average semicircular canal radius points to a slow or medium slow agility for D. minor , and fully rejects it was a fast moving animal, which is congruent with its postcranial anatomy.