短小芽孢杆菌木聚糖酶基因在毕赤酵母中的分泌表达及酶学性质研究

将短小芽孢杆菌HB030的内切-1,4-木聚糖酶基因克隆到毕赤酵母表达载体pPIC9k上,得到重组质粒pHBM220,将pHBM220经酶切后分别转化三株毕赤酵母KM71、GS115、SMD1168,该木聚糖酶基因在三株毕赤酵母中均实现了分泌表达。将重组毕赤酵母KM71(pHBM220)、GS115(pHBM220)、SMD1168(pHBM220)分别诱导产酶,对重组酶进行相关的酶学性质分析表明,三者的最适反应pH值约为5.5,最适反应温度约为60℃。在其最适反应条件下测得三者粗酶液酶活分别为10.80IU/mL,11.63IU/mL,9.68IU/mL。重组毕赤酵母KM71(pHBM220)所产酶的热稳定性较好,而在pH稳定性方面三者没有太大的差异。     

短小芽孢杆菌木聚糖酶基因在毕赤酶母中的分泌表达及酶学性质研究

将短小芽孢杆菌HB030的内切-1,4-木聚糖酶基因克隆到毕赤酵母表达载体pPIC9K,得到重组质粒pH-BM220,将pHBM220经酶切后分别转化三株毕赤酵母KM71、GS115、SMD1168,该木聚糖酶基因在三株毕赤酵母中均实现了分泌表达,将重组毕赤酵母KM71（pHBM220）,GS115（pHBM220),GS115(pHBM220),SMD1168（pHBM220）分别诱导产酶,对重组酶进行相关的酶学性质分析表明,三的最适反应pH值约为5.5,最适反应温度约为60℃,在其最适反应条件下测得三粗酶液酶活分别为10.80IU/mL,11.63IU/mL,9.68IU/mL,重组毕赤酵母KM71（pHBM220）所产酶的热稳定性较好,而在pH稳定性方面三没有太大的差异。     

耐碱性甘露聚糖酶基因的克隆及其在毕赤酵母中的表达

通过功能平板从土壤中筛选得到含甘露聚糖酶基因的耐碱菌株。构建其基因组文库,从中筛选到甘露聚糖酶基因TM1并测序分析,用BLAST分析表明,TM1的氨基酸序列与其他在GenBank发表的甘露聚糖酶的氨基酸序列的同源性均低于60%,故确定其为一个新的甘露聚糖酶基因(GenBank登录号为AY623903)。将此基因去除信号肽后的编码序列克隆到表达载体pHBM905C上,得到重组质粒pHBM1201。经SalⅠ酶切后分别转化毕赤酵母(Pichiapastoris)KM71、GS115、SMD1168,得到分泌表达的重组毕赤酵母。挑选相对表达量最高的重组毕赤酵母SMD1168-3在摇瓶中诱导产酶,对该酶的粗酶进行酶学性质分析表明,其最适反应温度为55℃,最适PH值为7.5,以魔芋粉为底物所测得的最高酶活为41.8U,半衰期为1h,在80℃保温5min其酶活由最初酶活的77%下降到11%,温度下降到55℃后活性可恢复到最初酶活的60%以上。     

金针菇漆酶基因的克隆及其在毕赤酵母中的表达研究

综合运用cDNA末端快速扩增 (RapidAmplificationofcDNAEnds ,RACE )和基因组步行等技术克隆到一个金针菇 (Flammulinavelutipes)的漆酶结构基因和其对应的全长cDNA ,经测序和BLAST比对分析表明该基因属于多铜氧化酶基因家族 ,与已发表的漆酶基因 (AF176 2 30 )的同源性最高 ,在氨基酸水平为 72 %。该结构基因命名为gl ccFv,cDNA命名为lccFv ,其序列提交GenBank ,登录号分别为AY4 85 82 6和AY4 5 0 4 0 6。将lccFv的开放阅读框克隆到毕赤酵母表达载体pHBM90 6 ,转化毕赤酵母GS115且实现了分泌表达。将重组毕赤酵母GS115 (pHBM5 6 5 )诱导产酶 ,在培养温度 2 0℃、甲醇流加量为 1 0 % (V V)的情况下 ,其分泌表达的LCCFv的最高酶活为 0 10 70U mL ,最适反应温度为 4 5℃ ,最适反应pH值为 3 9,在最适反应条件下其热稳定性和pH值稳定性均较好     

glyA基因的克隆及其在毕赤酵母中的表达

根据已知的序列设计引物,以大肠杆菌XL10-Gold总DNA为模板进行梯度PCR,并进行DNA序列测定,其序列与已经报道的glyA基因完全一致。将其克隆到毕赤酵母分泌型表达载体pHBM905C上,获得表达质粒pHBM1001.该质粒转化毕赤酵母GS115所得重组子经PCR验证后成功进行了诱导表达,并初步测定了酶活力。     

平菇漆酶基因在毕赤酵母中的分泌表达及酶学性质研究

采用RTPCR技术克隆到一个平菇(Pleurotusostreatus)漆酶基因的全长cDNA,命名为lccPo1,其序列提交GenBank,登录号为AY450404。将其ORF克隆到毕赤酵母表达载体pHBM906,转化3株毕赤酵母GS115、KM71和SMD1168,该漆酶基因在3种毕赤酵母菌株中均实现了分泌表达。3种摇瓶培养条件①25℃,1.0%(VV)甲醇;②20℃,1.0%(VV)甲醇;③20℃,0.5%(VV)甲醇,进行比较研究后发现适当提高甲醇浓度有利于漆酶在低温条件下表达,而降低培养温度到20℃则可以提高漆酶的产量2～6倍。3株重组毕赤酵母在其最适反应条件下测得三者粗酶液最高漆酶酶活分别为3.19UmL[GS115(pHBM565)]、2.56UmL[KM71(pHBM565)]和2.49UmL[SMD1168(pHBM565)]。对重组酶进行相关的酶学性质分析表明,三者的最适反应pH值约为4.2,最适反应温度约为60℃。重组毕赤酵母GS115(pHBM565)所产酶的热稳定性稍好,在pH稳定性方面三者没有太大差异。     

宇佐美曲霉木聚糖酶基因xynⅡ在不同毕赤酵母中的分泌表达

将宇佐美曲霉E001的内切-1,4-木聚糖酶基因克隆到毕赤酵母表达载体pPIC9K中,得到重组质粒pPXY-NII,将其经SalⅠ线性化后分别转化2株毕赤酵母GS115和KM71,xynⅡ基因通过同源重组被整合到毕赤酵母染色体上,并处于酵母α因子的下游,经筛选获得阳性重组菌PXGL98(Mut+)和PXKL29(Muts)。该木聚糖酶基因在2株毕赤酵母中均实现了分泌表达。同时对工程菌的发酵条件进行了优化,在甲醇诱导下,PXGL98与PXKL29培养物上清液中的酶活力分别可达1156.92 U/mL和1646.03 U/mL。     

植酸酶和甘露聚糖酶双功能毕赤酵母工程菌的构建和产酶分析

根据已发表的植酸酶基因和甘露聚糖酶基因序列设计并合成引物,应用PCR技术,分别以土曲霉总DNA和质粒pHBM1201为模板,扩增出均不含假定信号肽序列的植酸酶基因phyA和甘露聚糖酶基因man,将它们各自克隆到毕赤酵母表达载体pHBM907C上,分别得到重组质粒pHBM907C-phyA和pHBM907C-man。将质粒pHBM907C-phyA上由乙醇氧化酶(AOX1)启动子和终止子引导表达、酿酒酵母α信号肽序列引导分泌的phyA表达盒式结构插入到质粒pHBM907C-man中,构成双基因表达分泌质粒pHBM907C-phyA-man。pHBM907C-phyA-man经SalⅠ酶切线性后转化毕赤酵母(Pichiapastoris)GS115,获得了同时分泌表达植酸酶和甘露聚糖酶的双功能酵母工程菌。研究了该酵母工程菌所分泌表达的重组植酸酶和甘露聚糖酶的相关酶学性质,并进行了双功能酵母工程菌的稳定性测试。     

猪传染性胃肠炎病毒纤突糖蛋白在毕赤酵母中的分泌表达

目的:利用巴斯德毕赤酵母表达系统表达猪传染性胃肠炎病毒(TGEV)纤突糖蛋白S。方法:根据GenBank中猪TGEV纤突糖蛋白S全基因设计一对引物,并在5'引物和3'引物中引入EcoRⅠ、NotⅠ酶切位点,2.2kb的目的基因S经PCR扩增后克隆于pBS-T载体,再将S基因经双酶切从T载体切下并与穿梭质粒pPIC9k连接,SalⅠ线性化重组穿梭质粒pPIC9k-S,电转化于毕赤酵母GS115感受态细胞,G418筛选鉴定阳性重组子,经甲醇诱导,SDS-PAGE检测诱导后上清。结果:对pPIC9k-S重组酵母表达载体的测序证实已成功克隆了猪TGEVS基因;重组酵母菌诱导表达后,SDS-PAGE检测结果显示表达产物的相对分子质量约为82×103,且S蛋白以可溶性形式分泌表达于胞外。结论:利用巴斯德毕赤酵母真核表达系统成功表达了猪传染性胃肠炎病毒(河北分离株)纤突糖蛋白S。     

苦瓜MAP30基因的毕赤酵母表达载体构建及重组菌株的筛选

目的:从苦瓜中克隆MAP30全长基因,并将该基因连接至表达载体pPIC9中,建立酵母菌落PCR筛选方法。方法采用改良SDS法从苦瓜表皮中提取基因组DNA,设计特异性的引物,通过PCR技术扩增出全长861bp的MAP30基因。该基因经XhoⅠ和EcoRⅠ双酶切,连接至毕赤酵母表达载体pPIC9中。重组载体转化GS115菌株,运用菌落PCR鉴定重组菌株。结果:基因测序表明,该基因已成功插入酵母表达载体pPIC9α-factor分泌信号下游,同源性分析表明该基因与GeneBank(AF284811)的核苷酸同源性达99.9%,氨基酸同源性达100%。菌落PCR显示外源基因已整合入酵母GS115菌株中。结论:成功地克隆了MAP30全长基因,并构建了含MAP30基因的重组毕赤酵母表达载体,并获得了整合菌株,为下一步研究奠定了基础。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.