SUBGENUS MESORTHOCLADIUS (DIPTERA, CHIRONOMIDAE)FROM CHINA

记述中国直突摇蚊属中直突摇蚁亚属Orthocladius (Mesorthoccldius)雄成虫3种,并对l新种O.(M.)tornatilis sp.nov.和中国1新纪录种O.(M.)uaillanti Langton & Cranston做详细描述.模式标本保存于南开大学生命科学学院摇蚊学研究室.圆钝中直突摇蚊,新种O.(M.)tornatilis sp.nov.(图1～3)雄成虫与本亚属其它已知种的区别如下:下附器背叶末端圆钝,抱器端节中部最宽,业端背脊长而低.正模♂,吉林省长白山岳桦林,1994-04-30,扫网,王俊才采.词源:新种种名源自其下附器背叶圆钝.     

中国直突摇蚊属中直突摇蚊亚属记述(双翅目,摇蚊科)(英文)

记述中国直突摇蚊属中直突摇蚊亚属Orthocladius(Mesorthocladius)雄成虫3种,并对1新种O.(M.)tornatilis sp.nov.和中国1新纪录种O.(M.)vaillantiLangton & Cranston做详细描述。模式标本保存于南开大学生命科学学院摇蚊学研究室。圆钝中直突摇蚊,新种O.(M.)tornatilis sp.nov.(图1～3)雄成虫与本亚属其它已知种的区别如下:下附器背叶末端圆钝,抱器端节中部最宽,亚端背脊长而低。正模♂,吉林省长白山岳桦林,1994-04-30,扫网,王俊才采。词源:新种种名源自其下附器背叶圆钝。     

中国直突摇蚊属两新纪录亚属记述(双翅目,摇蚊科)(英文)

记述中国直突摇蚊属两个新纪录亚属,寄莼直突摇蚊亚属Orthocladius(Pogonocladius)和钻木直突摇蚊亚属Orthocladius(Symposiocladius),雄成虫共5种,包括1新种O.(S.)futianensis sp.nov.,中国4新纪录种O.(P.)consobrinus(Holmgren),O.(S.)holsatus Goetghebuer,O.(S.)lignicolaKieffer和O.(S.)schnelli Sther,并编制了中国钻木直突摇蚊亚属4种雄虫检索表。新种模式标本均保存于南开大学生命科学学院摇蚊学研究室。     

TWO NEW RECORD SUBGENERA OF ORTHOCLADIUS (DIPTERA,CHIRONOMIDAE) FROM CHINA

记述中国直突摇蚊属两个新纪录亚属,寄莼直突摇蚊亚属Orthocladius(Pogonocladius)和钻木直突摇蚊亚属Orthocladius(Symposiocladius),雄成虫共5种,包括1新种O.(S.)futianensis sp.nov.,中国4新纪录种O.(P)consobrinus (Holmgren),O.(S.)holsatus Goetghebuer,O.(S.)lignicola Kieffer和O.(S.)schnelli Saether,并编制了中国钻木直突摇蚊亚属4种雄虫检索表.新种模式标本均保存于南开大学生命科学学院摇蚊学研究室.福田钻木直突摇蚊,新种O.(S.) futianensis sp.nov.(图1～3)雄成虫与本亚属其它已知种的区别如下:抱器端节中部最宽,亚端背脊突出,位于抱器端节的近末端.正模♂,云南省洱源县牛街镇福田村,1996-05-23,灯诱,周长发采.副模2 ♂ ♂,同正模.词源:新种种名源自其模式产地.     

辽宁省摇蚊科二新种（双翅目：摇蚊科）

作者在整理近年来采自辽宁省摇蚊科标本过程中,发现２新种,分属于虹齿摇蚊属Ｎｅｏｚａｖｅｌｌａ Ｇｏｅｔｇｈｅｂｕｅｒ,１８１４及施密摇蚊属Ｓｍｉｔｔｉａ Ｈｏｌｍｇｒｅｎ,１８６９,描述于后。模式标本存于南开大学生物系昆虫标本室。形态术语采用Ｓａｅｔｈｅｒ（１９８０）。     

Boreoheptagyia phoenicia sp.n. (Diptera,Chironomidae, Diamesinae) from a Lebanese mountain spring

The male imago ofBoreoheptagyia phoenicia sp.n. (Diptera, Chironomidae) is described from material collected in Lebanon-Mount in the headwaters of the coastal river Awwaly.     

On insect feeding on cyanobacteria

A review of 19 dipteran species of the families Chironomidae, Ceratopogonidae, and Ephydridae, feeding on cyanobacteria, which are toxic to the majority of other animals, is given. Certain aspects of biology and evolution of the family Ephydridae, allowing them to utilize this food source, are discussed.     

Parasite-host associations and life cycles of spring-living water mites (Hydrachnidia, Acari) from Luxembourg

Larval water mites are parasites of various insect species. The main aim of the present study was to analyse the host range of spring dwelling water mites. The investigation focuses on seven spring sites in Luxembourg. Some 24 water mite species were recorded either from the benthos or as parasites attached to flying insects captured in emergence traps. For 20 mite species 35 host species from four Nematocera (Diptera) families were recorded. About 80% of the host species and over 90% of the host individuals were Chironomidae, the others were Limoniidae, Dixidae and Simuliidae. For all water mite species recorded we present the observed host spectrum and/or potential hosts as well as the intensity of parasitism and the phenology of the mites. For 10 mite species the hosts were previously unknown. For another ten species the known host spectrum can be confirmed and extended. The host spectrum ranged from one host species (e.g. for Sperchon insignis) to at least 10 host species (for Sperchon thienemanni, Ljania bipapillata), but the effective host range could not be definitively estimated due to the lack of corresponding data. The hypothesised host preference of the water mites, of which most are strictly confined to spring habitats, for similarly spring-preferring hosts could not be proven. The mean intensity of parasitism was highest for Thyas palustris (10.8 larvae/host) and lowest for Sperchon insignis and Hygrobates norvegicus (1.2 larvae per host for each). The hydryphantid mite Thyas palustris occurred at maximal intensity (41 larvae per host) and the two abdominal parasites Ljania bipapillata and Arrenurus fontinalis showed higher mean intensities than the thoracic parasites did. Larval water mites parasitising chironomids did not exhibit a preference for host sex. The phenology of the larval mite species was varied, some species were only present in samples early in the year and others exclusively in the summer. Another species showed two peaks of occurrence, springtime/early summer and late summer/autumn. In conclusion, the water mite larvae in the studied springs showed differences in host spectra and phenology but there are no clear evidences in both for host partitioning. Maybe, the relative low species diversity of water mites in individual springs and the low inter-specific competition for suitable hosts in combination with the high host abundances and species richness makes springs such favourable habitats for the mites.     

The colonisation of experimental ponds by Chironomidae (Diptera)

The colonisation and succession of chironomids in a newly‐dug gravel pit habitat was investigated using replicate experimental ponds sampled during the summers of 1977 and 1978. In 1977 larvaeand emerging adults were collected, whilst in 1978 only adults were sampled. Benthic sampling showed the larval communities to be predominated by Chironomus spp. whilst trapping of adults showed that this group accounted for only 4% of the emergence. This difference is attributed to the selective retention of the larger Chironomus larvae by the sieve used to screen benthos samples. The pioneer chironomid communities in the ponds are compared using similarity and diversity indices on adult emergence data. These showed that the pond communities were remarkably uniform in 1977, the first year of their existence, due to the predominance of Tanytarsus gracilentus. In 1978 the communities were much more variable. The community structure changed within the two years, with equitability increasing rapidly to that characteristic of a much more mature habitat. These successional changes are attributed to a reduction in uniformity of the habitat resulting from the growth of aquatic macrophytes.     

中国多足揺蚊属指名亚属一新种(双翅目:摇蚊科)

记述中国多足摇蚊属指名亚属Polypedilum (s. str.) Kieffer 1新种——等跗多足摇蚊Polypedilum (Polypedilum) aequabe, sp. nov.,该新种雄虫可借以下组合特征与本亚属其它已知种类相区别:后足第 2 与第 3 跗节等长,肛尖具侧毛,上附器外侧毛位于近端部,下附器端部膨大。模式标本存放在南开大学生命科学学院摇蚊研究室。正模:♂,四川乡城硕曲河,2 700 m,1996-Ⅵ-12,灯诱,王新华采;副模:18♂♂,同正模;1♂,云南丽江石鼓冲江河,1750m,1996-Ⅴ-25,灯诱,周长发采。     

Dispersal of adult aquatic Chironomidae (Diptera) in agricultural landscapes

• 1 This study investigates the possible influence of terrestrial landscape structure on the spatial distribution of adult Chironomidae emerging from water bodies in three agricultural areas, each with hedgerow networks, in Brittany (France).
• 2 Using spatially explicit data from 128 yellow pan traps set in pairs at the bottom of hedges throughout the three study areas, we show that landscape structure and heterogeneity must be considered at two different spatial scales.
• 3 At a global scale, distance to water bodies was the main factor explaining the spatial distribution of adult chironomids: both species richness and abundance changed beyond a critical distance to the stream, resulting in different species assemblages of flying insects.
• 4 At a local scale, the abundance of species and individuals at rest in hedges changed with the quality of the hedge (mainly determined by canopy width and cover of the different vegetation layers).
• 5 The density of the hedgerow network, and landscape openness, both influenced the dispersal of chironomid species from water bodies.
• 6 This study, which provides the first estimate of the dispersal capabilities of chironomids in particular landscapes, suggests that the terrestrial environment is an essential component of population dynamics and community structure in aquatic Chironomidae.

     

The chironomid fauna of the Mediterranean region reviewed

From the Mediterranean countries, Italy, France (southern), Spain, Portugal, Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey, Greece and Yugoslavia and according to published and as yet unpublished data, about 703 Chironomid species are known. 97 of the species are exclusive to the Mediterranean region. For three speciesCricotopus beckeri, Eukiefferiella bedmari andParatanytarsus mediterraneus a pointdistribution map is given.29 species listed with an Afrotropical distribution also reach into various parts of the Mediterranean area. As an example, a point-distribution map ofParatrichocladius micans is given. Seven species with a Panpalaeotropical distribution are known in the Mediterranean region. The great majority of the other 570 species (81%) most likely have a Palaearctic distribution. However, accurate distribution data of many species are as yet not available. This holds in particular for species with an assumed Southpalaearctic distribution. For chironomids of the Mediterranean fauna a differentiation into Circum- and West-Mediterranean subgroups is not yet possible. The Afrotropical species reach the Mediterranean region chiefly by the Nile valley. Nevertheless, some apparently relict Afrotropic species in the South of Morocco may suggest a West-African progression towards the Mediterranean. The Syrian-East African rift valley may also be considered as a migration path for West Palaearctic and especially Oriental chironomids into the Afrotropic region.     

中国摇蚊亚科记述Ⅲ.哈摇蚊属：双翅目：摇蚊科

本文为中国摇蚊亚科系列报道之三,记述了中国产哈摇蚊属Ｈａｒｎｉｓｃｈｉａ Ｋｉｅｆｆｅｒ ５种,其中包括３个新种,１个新记录种及短叶哈摇蚊Ｈ．ｃｕｒｔｉｌａｍｅｌｌｔａ．     

The distribution of Heterotrissocladius oliveri Saether (Diptera: Chironomidae) in Lake Michigan

Fifty one chironomid species were identified from 504 samples collected at depths ranging 8 to 267 m in Lake Michigan, U.S.A. Heterotrissocladius oliveri Saether occurred in 32% of these samples and had an average abundance of 22 m^–2 which was similar to other estimates from the Great Lakes. Maximum average lake-wide density was at 30 to 60 m (41 m^–2). At depths 60 m, H. oliveri was the dominant chironomid species comprising 75% of total Chironomidae. The substrate preference of H. oliveri differed within each depth regime considered: at 30–60 m, 2–3 ; at 60–120 m, 3–5 , 7–9 ; and at 120–180 m, 6–8 . Abundance was notably reduced at all depths in substrates characterized as medium silt (5–6 ). On a lake-wide basis, the distribution pattern suggested H. oliveri was most numerous from 30 to 60 m along the southwestern, eastern, and northern shorelines and at 60–120 m depths along the southern and eastern shorelines. Increased abundance in the South Basin was concurrent with evidence of increased sedimentation at 60 to 100 m. However, in several other areas of the lake, high densities were associated with medium to very fine sands relatively free of silts and clays. This observation suggested occurrence of H. oliveri was minimally affected by sediment type.Widely variable, but generally elevated water temperatures likely prevent H. oliveri from establishing a substantial population density at depths < 30 m. With increased depth, temperature fluctuation is negligible and food is more stable, though the source is variable. Factors limiting abundance of H. oliveri at depths 30 m were related to decreased food supply due to distance from shore, food sources of lower value (clays), and, most importantly, to reproductive replenishment.Although still oligotrophic in nature, high density occurrences in both high and low sedimentation areas of the lake suggest the trophic indicator status of H. oliveri might be broader than previously thought.     

Nucleotide Sequences of Fragments of 16S rRNA of the Baikal Natural Populations and Laboratory Cultures of Cyanobacteria

Nucleotide sequences were determined for the 16S rRNA gene 5"-terminal regions of 29 strains of picoplankton cyanobacteria from the lake Baikal in Russia and four strains from the lake Constance (Bodensee) in Germany. Sequences of a 387-bp region of the gene of cultivated strains designated A, B, C, D, and E had only a few (1–3) substitutions as compared with the 3-27 sequence of the clones obtained earlier by cloning from a pooled sample of Baikalian winter picoplankton. The specific 4-33 sequence obtained earlier from a dominant species of Baikalian picoplankton was not found in cultivated cyanobacteria.     

Molecular genetic analysis of Dongzhou-period ancient human of Helingeer in Inner Mongolia, China

The mtDNA hypervariable region I (HVR-I) of 10 ancient individuals from Dongzhou-period ancient human populations in Helingeer county of Inner Mongolia were amplified and sequenced to investigate the genetic structure. The relationships between the ancient population and related extant populations, as well as its possible origin at the molecular level, were also studied. Moreover, phylogenetic analysis and multi-dimensional scaling analysis were also performed based on the mtDNA data of the ancient population in Helingeer and the related Eurasian population. The results showed that the ancient population in Helingeer were closer to the northern Asian populations than to the other compared populations in matrilineal lineage. Combining the research results of archaeology and anthropology as well as molecular biology, we inferred that they were nomads who migrated from Mongolia plateau and cis-Baikal region to Helingeer in Inner Mongolia, China.