新革螨属1新种记述和峨居常革螨及异形新革螨补充描述（蜱螨亚纲：中气门目：寄螨科）

记述新革螨属1新种：泰安新革螨Neogamasus taianensis Ma et Sun, sp. nov.,并对峨眉常革螨Vulgarogamasus emeishanensis Ma et Wang.1996和异形新革螨Neogamasus anomalus Ma et Yan,1998进行补充描述。     

宁夏常革螨属一新种及皱形新革螨补充描述(蜱螨亚纲,寄螨科)

记述常革螨属Vulgarogmasus Tichomirov,1969 1新种,舌状常革螨Vulgarogamasus lingulatus sp.nov.,并对皱形新革螨Neogamasus crispus Ma et Yan,1998雌性形态进行补充描述,模式标本均采自宁夏银川市榕树花盆,保存于军事医学科学院微生物流行病研究所昆虫标本馆,北京.     

新革螨属2新种记述（蜱螨亚纲：中气门目：寄螨科）

记述新革螨属2新种：双锯新革螨Neogamasus biserrendogynii sp．nov．和双瓣新革螨Neogamasus bivalvendogynii sp．nov．。     

新革螨属2新种（蜱螨亚纲：中气门目：寄螨科）

记述新革螨属2新种：福州新革螨Neogamasus fuzhouensis sp. nov.和三角新革螨Neogamasus triangulendogynii sp. nov.     

孟氏新革螨前若螨描述（蜱螨亚纲：革螨股 寄螨科）

孟氏新革螨Neogamasus mengyangchunae(Ma)过去已描述雌、雄和后若螨,今描述其前若螨。     

寄螨属1新种和新革螨属1新种(蜱螨亚纲:中气门目:寄螨科)

记述寄螨属1新种:棒毛寄螨Parasitus clavasetosus sp.nov.和新革螨属1新种:丛枝新革螨Neogamasus fasciculus sp.nov.     

钩形革伊螨新种记述和新美革伊螨特征补充(蜱螨亚纲:革螨股:土革螨科)

记述革伊螨属1新种:钩形革伊螨Gamasiphis aduncus sp.nov.,并补充新美革伊螨Gamasiphis novipulchellus Ma et Yin, 1998特征.     

鹿角新革螨在中国大陆的发现(蜱螨亚纲:中气门目:寄螨科)

报道寄螨科1种螨在中国大陆的发现:鹿角新革螨Neogamasus cervicornis(Van Daele,1975)。     

单角新革螨雌雄螨描述(蜱螨亚纲:革螨股:寄螨科)

单角新革螨 Neogamasus unicornutus ( Ewing,1 90 9)同物异名为岛屿新革螨 Neogamasusislandicus( Sellnick,1 94 0 ) ,其后若螨 [1 ]、前若螨及幼螨 [2 ]已有较详细描述 ,但雌螨和雄螨在所查到的文献中只记载有个别特征 ,没有完整描述 [1 ,3- 6] 。本文根据采自集安的标本 ,描述其雌螨和雄螨。文中测量单位为 μm,括号内为测量均值。单角新革螨 Neogamasusunicornutus(Ewing,190 9)雌螨 (图 1 - 7)体黄色 ,卵圆形 ,长 6 78- 70 1 ( 6 89) ,宽 36 8- 41 4 ( 394 )。背板几乎覆盖整个背面 ,后部留狭窄裸露区。前背板长 345- 356 ( 349) ,…     

丹东革螨采集记录（Ⅰ）及单角新革螨前若螨和幼螨描述（蜱螨亚纲）

本文记录1995年在丹东市土壤中采到的革螨4种。并对单角新革螨的前若螨及幼螨进行了描述。第二作者业余采集一些革螨,寄给第一作者鉴定,共有4种,记录如下。标本为1995年采自辽宁省丹东市的土壤中。其中单角新革螨Neogamasus unicornutus(Ewing,1909)采到全部发育阶段,     

Species: Beasts of burden

Ernst Mayr (1904–2005) was the twentieth century's most influential writer to wrestle with the species problem. 1 - 4 The following draws heavily on his work, albeit without presumptuously claiming to mirror his thinking or present any original ideas. As a personal meditation, I am thinking mostly of platyrrhines. Following Mayr, I adhere to what is commonly called the Biological Species Concept (BSC) as a way of thinking about a species in the real‐world biosphere as a taxon. I also hold to the idea that the Linnaean category called species has the same function as other categories: a linguistic tool for organizing and retrieving information about biodiversity while embodying evolutionary hypotheses. In other words, alpha taxonomy, the area of systematics that involves identifying, naming, and classifying species, is not purely an exercise in either biology or inventory because it involves communication as well. The burdensome work of the species category stems partly from tension created by the several purposes associated with the concept: the objective observation and examination of a fundamental biological phenomenon, the collection and interpretation of data in a selective context of relevance, and the intention to deploy scientific decisions as a form of communication within a dynamic but highly structured language system.     

Species: author definitions

For a long time the definitions of species have been mainly restricted to logicians and philosophers; with the contribution of biologists, the number of concepts increased dramatically. The concepts elaborated by authors of the evolutionary synthesis seemed decisive for a time but the number of definitions proposed was never as high as in the last half century. In the present review, a list of classical or less well-known definitions are proposed with some commentaries.     

Host Specificity of Pathogenic Pythium Species: Implications for Tree Species Diversity

In the Janzen–Connell hypothesis, host-specific natural enemies enhance species diversity and influence the structure of plant communities. This study tests the explicit assumption of host specificity for soil pathogens of the genus Pythium that cause damping-off disease of germinating seeds and seedlings. We isolated Pythium spp. from soil of a tropical forest in Panama. Then, in an inoculation experiment, we determined the pathogenicity of 75 tropical isolates of unknown pathogenicity and seven pathogenic temperate isolates of Pythium on seeds and/or seedlings of eight tropical tree species. Only three tropical isolates, one identified as P. ultimum and two as P. aphanidermatum , were pathogenic. Tropical pathogenic isolates were pathogenic on 4–6 of eight tree species. Temperate isolates were pathogenic on 0–4 of eight species, indicating that some tropical tree species are susceptible to novel isolates of Pythium . No tree species was susceptible to all isolates and two species were not susceptible to any isolate. Collectively, these results indicate that these Pythium isolates vary widely in their pathogenicity, causing differential mortality of potential host species; likewise, the tree species vary in their susceptibility to a given Pythium isolate. These differences in pathogenicity and susceptibility indicate some support for the Janzen–Connell assumption of host specificity. While they are not restricted to a single species, their intermediate level of specificity suggests that Pythium spp. have the potential to have some effect on forest community structure and diversity.     

Species: a praxiographic study

Taxonomists, who describe new species, are acutely aware of how political, economic, and ecological forces bring new forms of life into being. Conducting ethnographic research among taxonomic specialists – experts who bring order to categories of animals, plants, fungi, and microbes – I found that they pay careful attention to the ebb and flow of agency in multispecies worlds. Emergent findings from genomics and information technologies are transforming existing categories and bringing new ones into being. This article argues that the concept of species remains a valuable sense‐making tool despite recent attacks from cultural critics.     

Shoot-Level Flammability of Species Mixtures is Driven by the Most Flammable Species: Implications for Vegetation-Fire Feedbacks Favouring Invasive Species

Invasive species can cause shifts in vegetation composition and fire regimes by initiating positive vegetation-fire feedbacks. To understand the mechanisms underpinning these shifts, we need to determine how invasive species interact with other species when burned in combination and thus how they may influence net flammability in the communities they invade. Previous studies using litter and ground fuels suggest that flammability of a species mixture is nonadditive and is driven largely by the more-flammable species. However, this nonadditivity has not been investigated in the context of plant invasions nor for canopy fuels. Using whole shoots, we measured the flammability of indigenous-invasive species pairs for six New Zealand indigenous and four globally invasive plant species, along with single-species control burns. Our integrated measure of flammability was clearly nonadditive, and the more-flammable species per pairing had the stronger influence on flammability in 83% of combinations. The degree of nonadditivity was significantly positively correlated with the flammability difference between the species in a pairing. The strength of nonadditivity differed among individual flammability components. Ignitability and combustibility were strongly determined by the more-flammable species per pair, yet both species contributed more equally to consumability and sustainability. Our results suggest mechanisms by which invasive species entrain positive vegetation-fire feedbacks that alter ecosystem flammability, enhancing their invasion. Of the species tested, Hakea sericea and Ulex europaeus are those most likely to increase the flammability of New Zealand ecosystems and should be priorities for management.     

The Tannea Blackwelder Species of Ecuador with Description of New Species (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Osoriinae)

Two new species of the genus Tannea Blackwelder from Ecuador, Tannea hermani n. sp. and Tannea bellavistae n. sp. are herein described, and a complete list of records of all Tannea species found in Ecuador is provided together with a key to the species. Additionally, the geographic distribution of the Tannea species of Ecuador and their altitudinal distribution are discussed.     

Species of Echinococcus: pattern and process

Although classification and nomenclature within the cestode genus Echinococcus has, historically, been controversial, the past 20-30 years have provided a period of relative stability. Recent calls for taxonomic revision in the genus have therefore created something of a stir. In this article, Alan Lymbery and Andrew Thompson describe the reasons for the new controversy, and suggest that the problem can only be resolved by agreement on an appropriate species concept and on operational procedures for implementing that concept.     

Primate taxonomy: Species and conservation

Primatology as a discrete branch of science involving the study of primate behavior and ecology took off in the 1960s after discovery of the importance of primates as models for biomedical research and the realization that primates provide insights into the evolutionary history of humans. Osman Hill's unfortunately incomplete monograph series on the comparative anatomy and taxonomy of the primates¹ and the Napiers' 1967 A Handbook of Living Primates² recorded the world's view of primate diversity at this time. This taxonomy remained the baseline for nearly three decades, with the diversity of each genus being represented by some species, but extensively as subspecies.