Andalucinetes hastatus nov. gen., nov. sp., nouveau Chonetacea (Brachiopoda) dévonien du Sud-Ouest de l'Espagne

A new genus and its type-species: Andalucinetes hastatus nov. gen., nov. sp., are described and illustrated. The erection of the new genus is warranted by a comparison with the two more closely allied genera.     

Tapirus balkanicus nov. sp., nouveau tapir (Perissodactyla, Mammalia) du Turolien de Bulgarie

A new species of Tapiridae, Tapirus balkanicus, is etablished for new material of the Bulgarian Upper Miocene. The comparison with other Neogene tapirids leads us to consider the upper jaw as more characteristic than the lower one for taxonomic determination and study of phyletic relations. A new subgenus, Meyeriscus, is created for Tapirus pannonicus, the most evolved European tapirid.

Résumé

Une nouvelle espèce de tapir est décrite, Tapirus balkanicus du Miocène supérieur de Bulgarie. La comparaison avec les espèces européennes du Miocène moyen (Tapirus teilen) au Villafranchien (Tapirus arvernensis) amènent à privilégier la denture supérieure sur l'inférieure pour la détermination et les rapports phylétiques éventuels entre les espèces. Pour l'espèce la plus évoluée de tous les Tapiridés européens, Tapirus pannonicus est proposé un nom de sous-genre particulier, Meyeriscus nov.     

Adrahentina iberica nov. gen., nov. sp.Miliolide nouveau du Maestrichtien pyreneen

Adrahentina iberica nov. gen., nov. sp. is a Lacazina-shaped trematophorate miliolid, characterized by agglutined test at the floor of the chamber.     

Sur un nouveau gisement fossilifere du Miocene superieur (Tortonien-Turolien moyen) de Cucuron (Vaucluse)

The fossiliferous layer is located in tortonian fresh water marls with “Helix” christoli within Durance basin.Micromammals, molluscs and ostracodes are yielded. The fauna analysis get to place it in Middle turolian (MN 12 zone) and to give an Upper Turolian age (MN 13) to the Luberon red limes and gravels formation. It appears clearly that the lacustrine biotop with Paralimnocythere bouleigensis spread more and more late southward in the Rhône valley. At the Tortonian, the sea stopped longuer in the Durance basin than in the Valréas one.     

Reproduction humaine: le point de vue du philosophe

This article discusses and essential aspect of the link between ethics and life, as expressed in the concept of bioethics. It discusses the various issues related to human reproduction from “the philosopher’s point of view”. This discussion is limited to the principles of this field. The author starts by justifying a philosophical approach to ethical problems in the context of medicine in general and reproduction in particular, a field which specialists, theoreticians or practitioners of medicine and legal medicine in particular, appear to have ignored. This leads to a discussion of the human aspects of reproduction, from questions concerning the nature of living beings (individuals and species) to the relationship between nature and culture (symbol and freedom). Although man “reproduces” and “procreates”, he is also technically able to “produce himself”. This shift from biological reproduction to procreation must take into account problems related to technological science in medicine (technical control of living material and so-called “neutrality” of the technique). The main bioethical issues involving an ethics of decision-making in the field of human reproduction (contraception, abortion, status of the embryo, medically-assisted procreation, desire to master the “form” of the “reproduced” human, or even the “product”, cloning) are then discussed. Finally, the author proposes elements of a “philosophy of point of view”, requiring responsibility for each decision in the context of an “ethics of discussion”.     

Description of the antarctic notaspideanPolictenidia tomasi gen.nov. and sp.nov. (Gastropoda,Opisthobranchia) from the Scotia Sea proposing also a new notaspidean tribe

During the expedition “ANTARTIDA 9101”, organized by the Spanish Oceanographic Institute, two specimens of an unknown notaspidean species were collected. These differed considerably from other notaspidean species, mainly by the presence of three gills and a prebranchial sac with large external expansions. Since these specimens have three gills, while members of the order Notaspidea have been described as having only one, this feature is doubly interesting: firstly, from the systematic point of view, the definition of the order has to be modified, and secondly, it generates a phylogenetic discussion of the possible affinity between the notaspideans with one gill and doridaceans, which possess several gills.     

La pensée de Gisela Pankow autour du concept de lois immanentes du corps

Gisela Pankow’s theoretical and clinical research led her to work out an original method of dynamic structuration for the cure of psychosis and serious mental disorders. She distinguishes two fundamental functions in the living body-image, and according to her master’s views, Ernst Kretschmer, who introduced the difference betweenKernpsychose (nuclear psychosis) andRandpsychose (marginal psychosis). These two functions are “symbolizing” and are relying on the “immanent laws” of the body. Such pankowian concepts are an extension of psychiatric, psychoanalytic and philosophical works which are not well known in ordinary medical circles: we must quote those of Kurt Goldstein, Gustav Siewerth, Gaston Fessard, for example. G. Pannkow uses ordinary words, such as form, sign, symbol, but this may be deceiving, for symbolism is not the same when speaking about forms or about language. Reading these authors reveals the background of these terms and enlightens the pankowian original concept of the living bodyimage, based on a realistic anthropology of the body’s immanent laws. This paper is only a basic introduction to Gisela Pankow’s rich and fruitful research.     

Revised classification of the Cyanidiophyceae based on plastid genome data with descriptions of the Cavernulicolales ord. nov. and Galdieriales ord. nov. (Rhodophyta)

The Cyanidiophyceae, an extremophilic red algal class, is distributed worldwide in extreme environments. Species grow either in acidic hot environments or in dim light conditions (e.g., “cave Cyanidium”). The taxonomy and classification systems are currently based on morphological, eco-physiological, and molecular phylogenetic characters; however, previous phylogenetic results showed hidden diversity of the Cyanidiophyceae and suggested a revision of the classification system. To clarify phylogenetic relationships within this red algal class, we employ a phylogenomic approach based on 15 plastomes (10 new) and 15 mitogenomes (seven new). Our phylogenies show consistent relationships among four lineages (Galdieria, “cave Cyanidium”, Cyanidium, and Cyanidioschyzon lineages). Each lineage is distinguished by organellar genome characteristics. The “cave Cyanidium” lineage is a distinct clade that diverged after the Galdieria clade but within a larger monophyletic clade that included the Cyanidium and Cyanidioschyzon lineages. Because the “cave Cyanidium” lineage is a mesophilic lineage that differs substantially from the other three thermoacidophilic lineages, we describe it as a new order (Cavernulicolales). Based on this evidence, we reclassified the Cyanidiophyceae into four orders: Cyanidiales, Cyanidioschyzonales, Cavernulicolales ord. nov., and Galdieriales ord. nov. The genetic distance among these four orders is comparable to, or greater than, the distances found between other red algal orders and subclasses. Three new genera (Cavernulicola, Gronococcus, Sciadococcus), five new species (Galdieria javensis, Galdieria phlegrea, Galdieria yellowstonensis, Gronococcus sybilensis, Sciadococcus taiwanensis), and a new nomenclatural combination (Cavernulicola chilensis) are proposed.     

L'Ariétitidé du Lias de Corse

Only one piece of liassic ammonite is known in Corsica (SE of St. Florent in the “unité of Tuda”). It is a Arietitidae, probably Paltechioceras or Vermiceras (top or bottom of Sinemurian). The Lias of Tuda, similar to that of “écailles de Corté”, belongs to parautochtonous external realm.     

Paraphysomonas faveolata sp. nov. (Chrysophyceae), a fourth marine species with meshwork body-scales

Paraphysomonas faveolata sp. nov., the eighth described species of this genus of colourless chrysophycean flagellates, has heterokont flagellation, parabasal nucleus and silicified body-scales. It is the fourth known species with meshwork scales, these being of two types: flat “cobweb” scales and scales with a planar “honeycombed” extension arising from a “cobweb” base. The organism is compared with the other species of the genus and the case considered for placing forms with meshwork scales in a new genus, separate from forms with spined scales. This step is not taken and the taxonomic status of the genus is discussed in relation to the Ochromonadaceae and other genera of the Synuraceae.     

Glossomyophorus costatus nov. gen. nov. sp., Rudiste (Caprotinidae) nouveau de l'Aptien du domaine méditerranéen central et oriental

A new caprotinid rudist, Glossomyophorus costatus nov. gen. nov. sp. is described and figured from the Lower Cretaceous of Saudi Arabia, Bosnia (Yugoslavia) and southern Italy. Its costulate shell has a straight, tubular (attached) right valve, with a single, central tooth, and an openly enrolled, elongate left valve, with two subequal teeth. It differs from other caprotinids in possessing an erect, tongue-shaped posterior myophore in the left valve, the muscle scar of which directly flanks the body cavity, with no intervening accessory cavity joined to the central tooth socket. This scar faces onto the posterior wall of a laminar posterior myophore in the right valve. A single accessory cavity in each valve separates the posterior myophore from the shell wall. That in the right valve is similar in size to the teeth sockets, such that sections across the valve have a distinctive array of three more or less equal sockets. Evolutionary affinities with Monopleura or with Caprotina are equally possible. At present the genus is only known from the Lower Aptian of the Central and Eastern mediterranean Subprovinces and thus might serve as a valuable biostratigraphic and palaeobiogeographic marker.     

Aspects du care et de « l’éthique du care » en psychiatrie

The debate about care and its different forms has developed a lot in social sciences and in moral philosophy, since Carol Gilligan, arguing in a feminist perspective against the prejudices of moral development psychology, has defined an “ethics of care” and claimed that it should be recognized as of the same value as the dominant ethics (Kantian or utilitarian). Following this claim, a variety of researches have been carried out concerning the activity of caring that goes beyond the field of medical practice. However, in the medical field, in which “care” has to be distinguished from “cure,” the development of a theory of care has a strong impact on the conception of treatment (of its organization, its assessment, and the way it is taught). We will focus particularly on what is implied in psychiatry by such a characterization of care.     

Hesperogavialis cruxenti N.Gen., N. SP., nouveau Gavialide (Crocodylia,Eusuchia) du Miocene superieur (Huayquerien) d'Urumaco (Venezuela)

A new gavialid from the Upper Miocene (“Huayquerian”) of Urumaco (western Venezuela) is described as Hesperogavialis cruxenti n. gen., n. sp. It is the only known South American gavialid in which, as in the Gavialidae from the Indian region, the nasals do not come into contact with the premaxillae. This ressemblance with the gavials of India is interpreted as a result of convergent evolution.     

Imantonia rotunda gen. et sp. nov., a new member of the Haptophyceae

Imantonia rotunda, a new member of the Haptophyceae, is described and records of its distribution are given. It is characterised by a distinctive “bicycle-wheel” type of scale and does not bear a haptonema.