利用双水相萃取技术分离纯化尿激酶

通过研究双水相萃取系统的各种影响因素：乙醇／（NH4）2SO4的组成比例、pH值、无机盐的加入、粗酶的浓度等,探索以乙醇／（NH4）2SO4组成的双水相萃取体系纯化尿激酶的最佳条件。建立以乙醇／（NH4）2SO4组成的双水相萃取体系分离纯化尿激酶的新途径。结果表明：双水相萃取系统冰乙醇浓度为65％,（NH4）2SO4浓度为10．0％,pH8．0,酶加入量为30％,且不加入任何其他无机盐的条件下,尿激酶的纯化倍数可达到9．2倍,回收率最高达92％。     

白地霉脂肪酶的双水相萃取和反胶团提取

对影响双水相萃取和反胶团提取脂肪酶的各种因素进行了探讨,并通过正交实验进一步优化提取条件,PEG浓度15%,(NH4)2SO4浓度22.5%,pH8.0的条件下进行双水相萃取,脂肪酶纯化倍数达到7.5倍;CTAB浓度150mmol/L,相体积比4/2,水相pH8.0,温度40℃的条件下进行反胶团提取,脂肪酶的比活力达到最大,但其比活力稍有下降,约为原来的0.9倍。     

双水相萃取法分离竹叶黄酮的工艺研究

以竹叶黄酮水提溶液为原料,采用PEG(聚乙二醇)/(NH4)2SO4双水相体系对竹叶黄酮进行萃取,考察了PEG平均相对分子质量、PEG质量分数、(NH4)2SO4质量分数、pH值、NaCl质量分数、原液质量分数、萃取温度等对双水相及竹叶黄酮萃取效果的影响。双水相萃取法提取竹叶黄酮的最优条件为:PEG 400 31%,(NH4)2SO411%,pH 3.9,NaCl 0.7%,原液51.5%,萃取温度20℃,在此条件下得到的竹叶黄酮萃取率为97.8%。结果说明,双水相萃取法操作简单方便,成本低,不会引起生物质失活或变性,适合于黄酮类化合物的萃取分离。     

双水相萃取丽江山慈菇中的秋水仙碱

建立了由聚乙二醇(PEG6000)与(NH4)2SO4形成的双水相体系萃取丽江山慈菇中秋水仙碱的新方法。考察了PEG分子量、PEG的浓度、(NH4)2SO4的浓度和pH值对双水相成相及秋水仙碱萃取率的影响,并结合HPLC对萃取相进行检测。结果表明:PEG6000质量分数为8%,(NH4)2SO4质量分数为20%,pH为7.0时,双水相体系对丽江山慈菇粗提液中秋水仙碱萃取率达82.09%,富集倍数为6.84倍。此方法可用于丽江山慈菇中秋水仙碱的初步分离富集,且操作简单,绿色无污染。     

Geotrichum sp．SYBC WU-3脂肪酶的双水相萃取和酶学性质

初步研究双水相体系对Geotrichum sp．SYBC WU-3脂肪酶的萃取分离效果,选用PEC4000／NaH2 PO4作为戍相系统进行系统研究,考察影响脂肪酶萃取的各种因素（如PEG相对分子质量及质量分数、NaH2PO4质量浓度、pH）,并采用正交实验进一步优化实验条件,确定双水相萃取体系为PEG质量分数为30％、NaH2PO4质量分数为20％、体系pH为6,在此条件下Geotrichum sp．SYBC WU-3脂肪酶经硫酸铵沉淀和双水相萃取两步纯化的纯化倍数达到最大,较Geotrichum sp．SYBC WU-3脂肪酶粗酶纯化了22倍。Geotrichum sp．SYBC WU-3脂肪酶纯酶为低温碱性脂肪酶,最适反应温度为15oC,最适pH为9．5,相对分子质量为3．58×10^4。     

双水相体系萃取人参根中人参皂苷的研究

建立稳定的聚乙二醇(PEG)与(NH4)2SO4双水相体系以分离人参根中人参皂苷。通过上下相体积比(R)、分配系数(K)和回收率(Y)分析双水相体系对人参皂苷的萃取效果,研究了PEG分子量、PEG/(NH4)2SO4质量分数、pH值和温度等因素对双水相成相及人参皂苷萃取的影响。结果表明:PEG分子量为3350、PEG3350的质量分数为12%、(NH4)2SO4质量分数为16%、溶液pH为7.0、温度为60℃时,双水相体系对人参皂苷有较高的萃取率,回收率可到达88.94%。     

Separation of Flavonoids from Bamboo Leaves by Aqueous Two-Phase Extraction

以竹叶黄酮水提溶液为原料,采用PEG(聚乙二醇)/(NH4 )2SO4双水相体系对竹叶黄酮进行萃取,考察了PEG平均相对分子质量、PEG质量分数、(NH4)2SO4质量分数、pH值、NaCl质量分数、原液质量分数、萃取温度等对双水相及竹叶黄酮萃取效果的影响.双水相萃取法提取竹叶黄酮的最优条件为:PEG 400 31％,(NH4)2 SO4 11％,pH3.9,NaCl 0.7％,原液51.5％,萃取温度20℃,在此条件下得到的竹叶黄酮萃取率为97.8％.结果说明,双水相萃取法操作简单方便,成本低,不会引起生物质失活或变性,适合于黄酮类化合物的萃取分离.     

聚乙二醇共沉淀物复溶萃取辣根过氧化物酶的条件优化

为了改进辣根过氧化物酶的提纯方法,在双水相萃取的基础上使用聚乙二醇(PEG6000)在高饱和度(NH4)2SO4中沉淀辣根提取液中的过氧化物酶,利用磷酸盐溶液复溶解共沉淀物形成的双水相萃取体系能高效回收高纯度酶蛋白。研究了pH、PEG浓度和(NH4)2SO4饱和度对酶活性的影响,并考察不同液固比、pH和NaCl浓度对目标酶在双水相体系中的分配行为,并通过响应面法优化出最优萃取条件。结果表明:在液固比0.3 m L/g、pH7.02和NaCl 42 g/L的优化萃取条件下,辣根过氧化物酶回收率达88.1%,酶纯度较优化前提高了21.7倍。该方法的建立对于微量蛋白质的高效率提纯具有重量的参考价值。     

1-辛基-3-甲基咪唑二氰铵盐/硫酸铵双水相体系分离纯化银杏黄酮

建立了由亲水性离子液体1-辛基-3-甲基咪唑二氰铵盐([C8mim][N(CN)2])和(NH4)2SO4形成的双水相萃取体系并应用于银杏黄酮的分离纯化研究。研究了盐浓度、体系温度、pH值、NaCl量等因素对银杏黄酮萃取效率的影响;并对下相中无机盐进行回收。体系由18.52%[C8mim][N(CN)2],25.93%(NH4)2SO4构成,加入1.5 mmol NaCl,在室温下进行萃取时萃取效率最佳,在最佳的条件下[C8mim][N(CN)2]/(NH4)2SO4体系对银杏黄酮的萃取效率达96.73%。与传统的双水相体系相比,该体系的萃取效率高,粘度低,同时(NH4)2SO4的回收率达90.54%。[C8mim][N(CN)2]/(NH4)2SO4双水相体系是一种很好的分离纯化银杏黄酮的方法。     

响应面法优化白头翁总黄酮提取工艺

采用无水乙醇C2H5OH/硫酸铵(NH4)2SO4双水相体系分离白头翁中的黄酮。确定双水相体系组成为21%C2H5OH/22%(NH4)2SO4,通过单因素试验和Box-Benhnken实验设计探讨黄酮粗提液质量分数、NaCl质量分数和pH值对萃取效果的影响。确定最佳萃取条件为:黄酮粗提液质量分数12.5%,NaCl质量分数1.5%,pH 5.99,在此条件下,白头翁总黄酮主要分布在上相,萃取率可达73.6%。     

Response surface methodology for the extraction of wedelolactone from Eclipta alba using aqueous two-phase extraction

Abstract

Aqueous two-phase extraction of wedelolactone from Eclipta alba was studied using the polymer-salt system. The system consisted of polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a top phase (polymer) and sodium citrate as a bottom phase (salt). Process parameters such as PEG concentration, PEG molecular weight, salt concentration, and pH have been optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) with the help of central composite design (CCD). The optimized conditions for aqueous two-phase system (ATPS), in the case of one factor at a time approach, were found as PEG 6000, PEG concentration 18% (w/v), salt concentration 16% (w/v), and pH 7; with maximum extraction yield of 6.52?mg/g. While, RSM studies showed maximum extraction yield of 6.73?mg/g with the optimized parameters as PEG 6000, PEG concentration 18% (w/v), salt concentration 17.96% (w/v), and pH 7. ATPS was found to give a 1.3 fold increase in the extraction yield of wedelolactone as compared to other conventional extraction methods.     

Bromelain purification through unconventional aqueous two-phase system (PEG/ammonium sulphate)

This paper focuses on the feasibility of unconventional aqueous two-phase systems for bromelain purification from pineapple processing waste. The main difference in comparison with conventional systems is the integration of the liquid–liquid extraction technique with fractional precipitation, which can decrease the protein content with no loss of biological activity by removing of unwanted molecules. The analysis of the results was based on the response surface methodology and revealed that the use of the desirability optimisation methodology (DOM) was necessary to achieve higher purification factor values and greater bromelain recovery. The use of DOM yielded an 11.80-fold purification factor and 66.38 % biological activity recovery using poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) with a molar mass of 4,000, 10.86 % PEG concentration (m/m) and 36.21 % saturation of ammonium sulphate.     

Optimization of bovine serum albumin sorption and recovery by hydrogels

Aqueous two-phase systems are composed of aqueous solutions of either two water-soluble polymers, usually polyethylene glycol (PEG) and dextran (Dx), or a polymer and a salt, usually PEG and phosphate or sulfate. Partitioning of proteins in such systems provides a powerful method for separating and purifying mixtures of biomolecules by extraction. If one of the phase forming polymers is a crosslinked gel, then the solution-controlled gel sorption may be considered as a modification of aqueous two-phase extraction. Since PEG/dextran systems are widely used in aqueous two-phase extraction and dextran gels (Sephadex) are common chromatographic media, we choose a PEG/dextran gel system as a model system in this study. The partitioning behavior of pure bovine serum albumin (BSA) in PEG/dextran gel systems is investigated to see the effects of variations in PEG and NaCl concentrations on the partition coefficient K. By making use of the Box-Wilson experimental design, K is shown to be maximized at 9.8 (%, w/w) PEG and 0.2 M NaCl concentrations, respectively, as 182.     

Recovery of antibiotics by aqueous two-phase partition —Partitioning behavior of pure acetylspiramycin solution in polyethylene glycol/potassium phosphate aqueous two-phase systems

Summary The effects of average molecular weight of PEG, concentrations of PEG and KH₂PO₄ and pH on the partition equilibrium of acetylspiramycin in PEG/KH₂PO₄ aqueous two-phase systems were studied in detail. The partition coefficients of acetylspiramycin in PEG/ KH₂PO₄ systems were measured at room temperature 25 °C. It was found that acetylspiramycin partitioned unevenly in the aqueous two-phase systems composed of PEG and KH₂PO₄ and could be purified by this technique. A suitable phase-forming system (pH=6.7, 12w/w% PEG2000, 11w/w% KH₂PO₄) was found out after partition coefficient (Kp=42) , extraction ratio (=96%) and recovery ratio(R=98.8%) were investigated comprehensively in this paper.Hua qiang is one of the cooperators of the experimetal.     

Separation of recombinant β-glucuronidase from transgenic tobacco by aqueous two-phase extraction

Transgenic plants hold many promises as viable production hosts for therapeutic recombinant proteins. Many efforts have been devoted to increase the expression level of the proteins, but the efforts for developing economic processes to purify those proteins are lacking. In this report, aqueous two-phase extraction (ATPE) was investigated as an alternative for the separation of an acidic recombinant protein, β-glucuronidase (rGUS), from transgenic tobacco. Screening experiments by fractional factorial designs showed that PEG concentration and ionic strength of the system significantly affected the partitioning of native tobacco proteins and GUS. Response surface methodology was used to determine an optimized aqueous two-phase system for the purification of rGUS from transgenic tobacco. In a 13.4% (w/w) PEG 3400/18% (w/w) potassium phosphate system, 74% of the rGUS was recovered in the top PEG-rich phase while more than 90% of the native tobacco proteins were removed in the interphase and the bottom phase. A purification factor of about 20 was achieved in this process. The most important impurity from tobacco, Rubisco, was largely removed from the rGUS in the recovered phase.     

Studies on the isolation of penicillin acylase from Escherichia coli by aqueous two-phase partitioning

A method of enzyme release and aqueous two-phase extraction is described for the separation of penicillin acylase from Escherichia coli cells. Butyl acetate, 12% (v/v), treatment combined with freeze-thawing gives up to 70% enzyme release. For polyethylene glycol (PEG) + phosphate two-phase extraction systems the enzyme purity and yield were rather low. Modified PEG, including PEG-ampicillin, PEG-aniline, PEG-phosphate, and PEG-trimethylamine, were synthesized and used in aqueous two-phase systems; PEG-trimethylamine is the most satisfactory. A system containing 12% (w/w) PEG4000, 8% (w/w) of which is PEG-trimethylamine, with 0.7M potasium phosphate at pH 7.2, resulted in the enzyme selective partition being greatly enhanced by charge directed effects. Possible mechanisms for the separation process are discussed. (c) 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Optimization of conditions for acid protease partitioning and purification in aqueous two-phase systems using response surface methodology

Aspergillopepsin I, an acid protease, was purified using an aqueous two-phase system that comprised various combinations of polyethylene glycol (PEG), NaH₂PO₄ and NaCl. Partition of the enzyme depended upon the molecular mass of the PEG and the presence of NaCl. With PEG 1500, 4000 and 6000, the partition coefficients were increased by 1,500-, 1,800- and 560-fold compared to values without NaCl. The presence of NaCl (8.75%, w/w) increased purification by 3.8, 9.5 and 2.8 times into these respective PEGs. The optimal aqueous two-phase system for acid protease purification was developed using response surface methodology. This system contained 17.3% of PEG 4000 (w/w), 15% NaH₂PO₄ (w/w) and 8.75% NaCl (w/w) and provided the best partition coefficient (Ke > 1,100) and yield over 99% in the same phase. The optimal ATPS purification factor of acid protease was over 5.     

Effective extraction and purification of beta-xylosidase from Trichoderma koningii fermentation culture by aqueous two-phase partitioning

Effective extraction of protein from bulk medium is an important technique in bioresearch. In the present study, we describe an extracellular beta-xylosidase from the fermentation supernatant of Trichoderma koningii G-39 that was successfully extracted and purified simultaneously in a single step by using an aqueous two-phase partitioning method. This two-phase system was prepared by dissolving suitable amount of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and sodium dihydrogenphosphate (NaH(2)PO(4)) in aqueous solution. beta-Xylosidase was recovered with high yield and high concentration in the bottom salt-rich phase when 25% (w/v) PEG 1500 and 20-25% (w/v) NaH(2)PO(4) were applied. Based on a 1-liter scale extraction, the purity of the enzyme was enhanced at least 33-fold. The total activity increased 422% in comparison with that in the untreated filtrate. The effectiveness and simplicity may make this technique potentially useful in various applications. The transxylosylation activity of the enzyme purified by this technique was also investigated.     

Purification of plant-esterase in PEG1000/NaH2PO4 aqueous two-phase system by a two-step extraction

Purification of plant-esterase from flour in an aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) was investigated. The effects of various process parameters such as the type of aqueous two-phase systems, the phase-forming salt, the molecular weight and concentration of PEG, the system pH, and the types and concentrations of neutral salts on partitioning of plant-esterase were evaluated. Optimized conditions for the purification of plant-esterase were found in polymer–salt systems, with especially promising results in the PEG1000/NaH₂PO₄ system. Using 27.0% PEG1000/13.0% NaH₂PO₄ (w/w, pH 5.0), and 27.0% PEG1000/13.0% NaH₂PO₄/6.0% (NH₄)₂SO₄ (w/w, pH 5.0), plant-esterase was purified by a two-step extraction. Compared to the results obtained with the conventional salting-out method, this method had a comparable yield (83.16% versus the original yield of 80%), but produced plant-esterase that was 4.8 times as pure (18.46-fold). Integrating dialysis into the aqueous two-phase extraction removed (NH₄)₂SO₄ from the purified plant-esterase. Finally, plant-esterase was freeze-dried to convert the product to powder. This work offers a simple and more efficient process to purify and concentrate plant-esterase. Plant-esterase is used in applications such as organophosphorus compounds (OPs) detection and since our method makes this enzyme easier to isolate, it will enhance researchers’ ability to explore these applications.