共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
ALISON BELL 《American anthropologist》2005,107(3):446-460
The piecemeal development of capitalist socioeconomic systems in the colonial Chesapeake was deeply intertwined with projects of white ethnogenesis. Crafting a sense of \"groupness\" along lines perceived as racial required free \"whites\" to remain economically and socially interdependent. A variety of strategies and material forms—including reciprocal exchanges, hall-parlor house plans, and earthfast construction—facilitated this cohesion. Such integrative tactics coexisted in colonists' behavioral repertoires with more \"capitalistic\" strategies that prioritized private profit over social obligation. Colonists' deployment of diverse social strategies reflects a complex calculus assessing the benefits of economic autonomy against the benefits of ethnic (\"white\") solidarity. These dynamics can be illustrated through an 18th-century archaeological site at Flowerdew Hundred in the Chesapeake. 相似文献
2.
Ricaut FX Kolodesnikov S Keyser-Tracqui C Alekseev AN Crubézy E Ludes B 《American journal of physical anthropology》2006,129(1):55-63
The excavation of five frozen graves at the Sytygane Syhe and Istekh-Myrane burial sites (dated at 400 years old) in central Yakutia revealed five human skeletons belonging to the Yakut population. To investigate the origin and evolution of the Yakut population as well as the kinship system between individuals buried in these two sites, DNA was extracted from bone samples and analyzed by autosomal short tandem repeats (STRs) and by sequencing hypervariable region I (HV1) of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region. The results showed a diversity of sepulchral organizations linked probably to the social or genetic background of the subjects. Comparison of STR profiles, mitochondrial haplotypes, and haplogroups with data from Eurasian populations indicated affinities with Asian populations and suggested a relative specificity and continuity of part of the Yakut mitochondrial gene pool during the last five centuries. Moreover, our results did not support a Central Asian (with the exception of maternal lineage of West Eurasian origin) or Siberian origin of the maternal lineages of these ancient Yakut subjects, implying an ethnogenesis of the Yakut population probably more complex than previously proposed. 相似文献
3.
CHRISTOPHER M. STOJANOWSKI 《American anthropologist》2005,107(3):417-431
In this article, I consider the effects of Spanish missionization on indigenous identity and biological interaction patterns. Odontometric data were recorded for 26 skeletal samples dating to three time periods: precontact (C.E. 1200–1400), early mission (C.E. 1600–1650), and late mission (C.E. 1650–1700). Population genetic analyses generated estimates of regional genetic variation (FST ) and intersample genetic distances. Genetic variation during the precontact period was limited despite documented linguistic and cultural variation. Variation increased during the early mission period, indicating a decline in between-group interaction despite inclusion within a single colonial sociopolitical framework. During the late mission period, variation declined significantly, indicating a dramatic reduction in between-group variability consistent with genetic drift and gene flow between communities. I discuss these results in terms of archaeological and historical models of postcolonial transformation and suggest an emerging polyethnic community was resident in La Florida preceding the subsequent diaspora caused by burgeoning European military conflict in eastern North America. 相似文献
4.
KRISTIN DOWELL 《American anthropologist》2006,108(2):376-384
For 12 days in May 2005, the Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) in New York and the Smithsonian's National Museum of the American Indian (NMAI), as well as several other screening venues in Washington, D.C., hosted a group of renowned indigenous filmmakers from around the globe for the groundbreaking film showcase, "First Nations/First Features: A Showcase of World Indigenous Film and Media." This film showcase highlighted the innovative ways in which indigenous filmmakers draw on indigenous storytelling practices to create cinematic visions that honor their long-standing indigenous cultural worlds while reaching local and world audiences. In this essay, I highlight the onscreen impact through an analysis of several films featured in First Nations/First Features, as well as the offscreen impact emphasizing how the indigenous directors used this opportunity to strengthen social networks and share experience in this industry, which may develop into future collaborative film projects. 相似文献
5.
Andreas Wimmer 《Ethnic and racial studies》2013,36(6):1025-1055
This article offers a new taxonomy of how actors may change ethnic boundaries. I distinguish between five main strategies: to redraw a boundary by either expanding or limiting the domain of people included in one's own ethnic category; to modify existing boundaries by challenging the hierarchical ordering of ethnic categories, or by changing one's own position within a boundary system, or by emphasizing other, non-ethnic forms of belonging. The taxonomy claims to be exhaustive and accommodates a considerable number of historical and contemporary cases both from the developed and the developing world. It aims at overcoming the fragmentation of the literature along disciplinary and sub-disciplinary lines and prepares the ground for an agency-based comparative model of ethnic boundary making. 相似文献
6.
Juan R. Munizaga 《American journal of physical anthropology》1976,45(3):687-694
Using 151 crania, 8 Preceramic, 86 Formative, 29 Regional Developmental, 28 Integration Period and some isolated skulls from Ecuador I can clarify some origins and diffusion of American cranial deformation. To Imbelloni's classification of Tabular erecta, Tabular obliqua, and Annular I add a new type, Cuneiform, marked by flattening of the entire occiput (not just the upper, membraneous-derived bone) without evidence of counter pressure in front. The Cuneiform type starts in Guayas about 2000 B.C. (perhaps the earliest in America) with diffusion to coastal Peru in Chavin times. Tabular erecta, of coastal origin between Manabi province and the Guyas river basin, about 1,000 B.C. , also spreads to coastal Peru. Tabular obliqua appears in Esmeraldas province probably from Mexico 2000 years ago, and diffuses south into Chile. Annular type starts early in the Southern Andes and appears late in the highlands of Ecuador. 相似文献
7.
Alan Tye 《分类学与生物多样性》2013,11(2):293-303
Abstract Confusion has existed over the validity of the taxon Urochloa multiculma (Andersson) Morrone & Zuloaga, which was originally described from Galapagos, and over the presence in the islands of the closely related U. fusca (Sw.) B.F. Hansen & Wunderlin. An examination of 14 characters in 182 specimens leads to the conclusions that U. multiculma is a valid taxon endemic to Galapagos, and that U. fusca is probably a recent human‐mediated introduction to the archipelago, which may now be hybridising with multiculma. Leaf pubescence and spikelet structure are used to construct an identification key. 相似文献
8.
ABSTRACT There has been a growing interest in anthropology regarding how certain political conditions set the stage for "articulations" between indigenous movements and environmental actors and discourses. However, relatively little attention has been paid to how these same conditions can suppress demands for indigenous rights. In this article, I argue that the pairing of neoliberalism and multiculturalism in contemporary Mexico has created political fields in which ethnic difference has been foregrounded as a way of denying certain rights to marginalized groups. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork conducted in northern Mexico, I analyze how the arguments of a group of Cucapá for fishing rights in the Colorado Delta have been constrained within these political circumstances. I argue that cultural difference has been leveraged by the Mexican federal government and local NGOs to prevent the redistribution of environmental resources among vulnerable groups such as the Cucapá. 相似文献
9.
Erica Bornstein 《Ethnos》2013,78(4):483-508
Focusing on the idea of dwelling in the field, this paper explores the moral grammar of living with others in field settings, including the texture of membership in one's own family and host families. Through a comparative analysis of two ethnographic research contexts – one on transnational Christian non-governmental organizations in the US and Zimbabwe in 1996 –97, and the other on orphans and philanthropy in India in 2004–05 – I interrogate what it means to inhabit the field. In the world of multi-sited ethnography all research sites are not created equal; both in terms of the kinds of data one can collect and the types of observations one can make. How ethnographers are situated in a web of affliations affects their experience in the field, what they observe, and their research practice. I propose renewed attention to how anthropologists live in the field, including how relationships are interpreted in the field by ethnographers and their informants. 相似文献
10.
Walker Connor 《Ethnic and racial studies》2013,36(1):92-103
This article studies anti-Indian forms of racial discrimination in present day Ecuador. Drawing on thirty eight in-depth interviews with middle-class Indians, this exploratory research analyses the different mechanisms of racial discrimination and the responses to it in a context of transition from a paternalistic system of racial domination to a possible democratization of racial and ethnic relations. The following dimensions of discrimination are examined: the site, the range of discriminatory actions and the responses. I also analyse how ethnic categories such as Indian, mestizo and white are constructed in Ecuador. The article concludes with a reflection on the obstacles of racism for democratization. 相似文献
11.
A chemotaxonomic survey of flavonoids and simple phenols in the leaves of Gaultheria L. and related genera (Ericaceae) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
DAVID J. MIDDLETON F.L.S. 《Botanical journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》1992,110(4):313-324
MIDDLETON, D. J., 1992. A chemotaxonomic survey of flavonoids and simple phenols in the leaves of Gaultheria L. and related genera (Ericaceae). Species of Gaultheria and Leucothoe have been screened for a number of flavonoids and simple phenols. Many of these, particularly the American species, are surveyed for the first time. Extensive sampling has also been carried out within some of the species of Gaultheria. Together with previously published data the results are discussed in relation to the position of Gaultheria in the Ericaceae and the infrageneric classification of Gaultheria. The infraspecific variation is commented on. 相似文献
12.
The 1970s witnessed the emergence of a protest‐based environmental movement in Australia. We outline here the history of the unstable meeting of environmentalism and Aboriginal interests, before turning to Marcia Langton's recent critique of the progressive ‘green left’ in Australia. 1 We summarise Langton's argument: environmentalists would deny Aboriginal groups the benefits that flow from native title‐related agreements; environmentalists live at luxurious distance from the realities of remote and rural Aboriginal poverty and social problems; environmentalists exalt ‘noble savages’. We critique these claims on the basis that they pay inadequate attention to the structural inequities that underpin the market in native title interests and, further, deny the reality that Aboriginal groups often seek to form strategic alliances with green groups, arguing for conservation of their country on their own—or shared—terms. We argue that any appraisal of the present status of ‘green‐black’ relations needs to consider these factors seriously. 相似文献
13.
Piergiorgio Di Giminiani 《Ethnos》2016,81(5):888-912
Connection with ancestral land is a central tenet of indigenous identity claims. In a departure from constructivist approaches to the role ancestral land in identity politics, this article focuses on the discursive and experiential manifestations of Mapuche theories of emplacement, according to which land is actively involved in the making of selves. By drawing upon the notion of tuwün, a term roughly translatable as place of origin, I argue that ancestral land acts as a potentiality of selfhood through the articulation of sameness and otherness within Mapuche society and with canonical others (winka). The ethnographic analysis of the relation between landscape and memory will illustrate how ancestral land works to situate the present between two poles of alterity, namely past dwellers and winka. Such a focus allows us to acknowledge the significance of ancestral land without resorting to genealogical and essentialist interpretations of indigenous subjectivity. 相似文献
14.
The fact that the 1991 Census of Population included a race and ethnic question followed evidence from the 1989 test Census that this was not likely to arouse strong public opposition ‐ while the case for race and ethnic data in the Census was overwhelming. This article focuses on the necessity of the data for the proper implementation of the Race Relations Act 1976, especially in relation to employment. It demonstrates how the linking of race and ethnic manpower statistics in the Census to the analysis of local labour‐market areas could provide employers with the means by which they can measure whether or not they are achieving genuine equality of employment opportunity under the 1976 Act. The article illustrates the recommended approach and shows the substantial effect upon the ‘benchmark’ data that results from analysing each major occupation group separately. Finally, the article notes some possible weaknesses in the 1991 Census data that will be available for monitoring equal employment opportunity in Britain. 相似文献
15.
Brian W. Bahder 《法国昆虫学会纪事》2013,49(4):529-536
Termites are an abundant and diverse group in the Neotropics with about 500 species representing 83 genera. The paucity of the termite fauna recorded from Ecuador is due, in part, to a lack of deliberate surveys. We revise the termite fauna of Ecuador and raise the number of species from 25 species to 72 based on our recent termite surveys. Of the 72 species, 18 could not be conclusively identified and are likely new species. Given the limited area that has been covered in surveys of the Ecuadorian termite fauna, there are undoubtedly many more species to be recorded for Ecuador, primarily in the eastern lowland areas, cloud forests on both the eastern and western slopes of the Andes, and the Amazonian lowland forests. 相似文献
16.
Analyses of multicultural state-dictated social categories are often governed by those same categories, even while they deconstruct them. Nonetheless, these categories are often used in public spheres such as national imaginary or ethno-political activism. Taking a different point of departure, that of representations rather than the categories themselves, the aim of our paper is to understand the modes of classification that are relevant among four populations in Colombia and Mexico who would, a priori, be categorized as ‘black’ or ‘Indian’. The daily reality of these groups indicates other possible internal, sometimes even intersecting, kinds of categorizations, which, far from naturalizing the ‘Indian’ and ‘black’ categories, in fact reveal place-based social identifications. These identifications seem closer to the everyday lives and practices of the people in question, and underscore the local conceptions of their presence and agency in a given spot. 相似文献
17.
Sherina Feliciano-Santos 《Ethnic and racial studies》2013,36(7):1149-1167
In Puerto Rico, scholarly histories and common knowledge have presumed that the Taíno – the pre-Columbian population of the island – became extinct at some time between the sixteenth and eighteenth centuries. However, various people on the island challenge this assumption by claiming to be Taíno. The public reemergence of Taíno groups in Puerto Rico is highly disputed by scholars, governmental institutions and non-Taíno populations of the region, often on the basis of Puerto Rico’s long-documented history of creolization and state-sponsored ideology of racial blending. Within this context, the case of Taíno indigenous activism in Puerto Rico offers a critical lens through which to consider interactional challenges involved in claiming belonging to a presumably “extinct” ethnoracial category. 相似文献
18.
Yunita T. Winarto 《Anthropological Forum》2011,21(2):175-197
Climate change has unintended and unexpected consequences for peoples' livelihoods. Farmers, who depend heavily on weather conditions in cultivation, are finding it increasingly difficult to rely on their memories and existing knowledge to sustain their farming strategies. There is an urgent need to assist farmers to improve their agro-meteorological analyses to enable them to anticipate and cope with changes in climate. In this paper, we present the results of inter-disciplinary and collaborative research undertaken by anthropologists, an agro-meteorologist and local people based on farmers' rainfall measurements and field observations in the provinces of Yogyakarta and West Java, Indonesia. We explore the evolving strategies of the farmers, which have led to the formation of agro-meteorological schemas and adaptive changes in farming practices. We demonstrate the value of linking scientific and local knowledge production, and the need for both continuous reflexivity among participants and longitudinal collaborative work. 相似文献
19.
Avril Bell 《Ethnic and racial studies》2016,39(7):1170-1186
This paper explores convivial culture in a settler society. The paper draws on interview data from ethnographic research exploring how Māori and Pākehā worked together on a building project in a rural community. Both Māori and Pākehā participants reported their pleasure in engagements with each other that centred on Māori tikanga (protocols). In these encounters, Māori ‘difference’ was the catalyst for the development of new, convivial relationships. The paper argues that such everyday conviviality contributes to the process of decolonizing Māori–Pākehā relations at the level of everyday life. Through decolonizing conviviality Pakehā ‘become ordinary’ in Māori cultural contexts, and are offered the opportunity to come to understand themselves as embedded in colonial relationalities. Crucial to the development of such conviviality is the opportunity for face-to-face, embodied encounters with Māori in contexts where Māori cultural difference matters. 相似文献
20.
Ulf Hannerz 《Ethnos》2013,78(1):57-74
The interface between anthropology and journalism is drawing increasing attention. Newsmedia foreign correspondents, in particular, are engaged in a pursuit parallel to that of classical anthropology, reporting from one part of the world to another. Yet they work under very different organizational circumstances and relate differently to time and space. Drawing on examples from the work of 'Africa correspondents', the paper discusses the possibilities of personal initative in reporting. It also notes the role of the newsmedia in shaping public engagements with the world, and comments on the part of anthropological writing in influencing public culture. 相似文献