Pregnenolone derivatives as potential anticancer agents

Pregnenolone (1) was used as a template to develop new anticancer compounds. Ring-D modification of 1 resulted in the synthesis of benzylidenes 2-17, pyrazolines 18-76, pyrazoles 85-91, hydrazones 77-84, and oximes 92-107 derivatives. The structure of compound 107 was also deduced through single crystal X-ray diffraction studies. The inclusion of furanyl and pyridyl rings to pregnenolone skeleton increases the cytotoxicity of all compounds significantly. Among benzylidene derivatives, only heterocyclic enone 8 (IC₅₀ = 0.74 μM/mL against HepG2), and 17 (IC₅₀ = 4.49 μM/mL against HepG2, IC₅₀ = 5.01 μM/mL against MDA-MB-230 cancer cell line) exhibited a significant activity. The cytotoxicity data of pyrazoline derivatives 18-76 revealed that only furanyl bearing pyrazolines 40, 42-44, 48, and 49 exhibited significant activities. While all (O-carboxymethyl) oximes, hydazones, and pyrazoles derivatives of pregnenolone did not show any significant activity against both the cell lines. Thus the furanyl bearing enone 8 (IC₅₀ = 0.74 μM/mL against HepG2), and its pyrazoline derivative 48 (IC₅₀ = 0.91 μM/mL against MDA-MB-230 cancer cell lines) were identified as the most active compounds in all derivatives of pregnenolone.     

One-pot synthesis and anticancer studies of 2-arylamino-5-aryl-1,3,4-thiadiazoles

A series of 2-arylamino-5-aryl-1,3,4-thiadiazoles 1a-j were synthesized and screened for their anticancer activity against various human cancer cell lines. The novel one-pot synthesis of 1,3,4-thiadiazoles was achieved by refluxing aryl aldehydes, hydrazine hydrate, and aryl isothiocyanates in methanol followed by oxidative cyclization with ferric ammonium sulfate. The compounds 1g-j with trimethoxyphenyl at the C-5 position displayed extremely potent anticancer activity with at least twofold selectivity (IC₅₀: 4.3-9.2 μM). The nature of substituent on the C-2 arylamino ring may be critical in opting for the selectivity towards a particular cancer cell.     

New halogenated phenylcoumarins as tyrosinase inhibitors

With the aim to find out structural features for the tyrosinase inhibitory activity, in the present communication we report the synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of a new series of phenylcoumarin derivatives with different number of hydroxyl or ether groups and bromo substituent in the scaffold. The synthesized compounds 5-12 were evaluated as mushroom tyrosinase inhibitors showing, two of them, lower IC₅₀ than the umbelliferone. Compound 12 (IC₅₀ = 215 μM) is the best tyrosinase inhibitor of this series.     

Design, synthesis and SAR of novel ethylenediamine and phenylenediamine derivatives as factor Xa inhibitors

We previously reported on a series of cyclohexanediamine derivatives as highly potent factor Xa inhibitors. Herein, we describe the modification of the spacer moiety to discover an alternative scaffold. Ethylenediamine derivatives possessing a substituent at the C1 position in S configuration and phenylenediamine derivatives possessing a substituent at the C5 position demonstrated moderate to strong anti-fXa activity. Further SAR studies led to the identification of compound 30h which showed both good in vitro activity (fXa IC₅₀ = 2.2 nM, PTCT2 = 3.9 μM) and in vivo antithrombotic efficacy.     

Unusual stilbenoids and a stilbenolignan from seeds of Syagrus romanzoffiana

Stilbenoids, syagrusins A-B (1-2), and a stilbenolignan, 5-hydroxyaiphanol (3), along with three known phenylpropanoids (4-6), were isolated from seeds of Syagrus romanzoffiana. Compounds 1 and 2 possess unusual 1,4,4a,9a-tetrahydrofluoren-9-one and bicyclo[3.3.0]octanedione skeletons, respectively, whereas compound 3 is a stilbenolignan belonging to a very rare structural class of plant secondary metabolites. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses. Compounds 1-3 exhibited moderate inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase with IC₅₀ values of 16.9 μM (1), 23.7 μM (2) and 12.8 μM (3), respectively.     

3-substitued indoles: one-pot synthesis and evaluation of anticancer and Src kinase inhibitory activities

An efficient and economical method was developed for the synthesis of 3-substituted indoles by one-pot three-component coupling reaction of a substituted or unsubstituted benzaldehyde, N-methylaniline, and indole or N-methylindole using Yb(OTf)₃-SiO₂ as a catalyst. All the synthesized compounds were evaluated for inhibition of cell proliferation of human colon carcinoma (HT-29), human ovarian adenocarcinoma (SK-OV-3), and c-Src kinase activity. The 4-methylphenyl (4o and 4p) and 4-methoxyphenyl (4q) indole derivatives inhibited the cell proliferation of SK-OV-3 and HT-29 cells by 70-77% at a concentration of 50 μM. The unsubstituted phenyl (4d) and 3-nitrophenyl (4l) derivatives showed the inhibition of c-Src kinase with IC₅₀ values of 50.6 and 58.3 μM, respectively.     

Synthesis and antiglycation potentials of bergenin derivatives

Bergenin (1), major bioactive compound isolated from methanolic extract of Mallotus philippinensis, displayed moderate AGE inhibition activity (IC₅₀ = 186.73 μM). A series of derivatives of bergenin (3a-k) containing variety of aromatic acids were synthesized under mild conditions by modification of sugar part. Selective esterification of hydroxyl groups on the sugar part enhanced antiglycation potential of bergenin. Compounds 3j and 3k exhibited potent antiglycation activity with the IC₅₀ values of 60.75 and 12.28 μM, respectively.     

Platinum(II) oxalato complexes with adenine-based carrier ligands showing significant in vitro antitumor activity

[Pt(L)₂(ox)] (1), [Pt(2-OMeL)₂(ox)] (2), [Pt(3-OMeL)₂(ox)] (3), [Pt(2,3-diOMeL)₂(ox)] (4), [Pt(2,4-diOMeL)₂(ox)] (5), [Pt(3,4-diOMeL)₂(ox)] (6) and [Pt(3,5-diOMeL)₂(ox)]·4H₂O (7) platinum(II) oxalato (ox) complexes were synthesized using the reaction of potassium bis(oxalato)platinate(II) dihydrate with 2-chloro-N6-(benzyl)-9-isopropyladenine or its benzyl-substituted analogues (nL). The complexes 1-7, which represent the first platinum(II) oxalato complexes involving adenine-based ligands, were fully characterized by various physical methods including multinuclear and two dimensional NMR spectroscopy. A single-crystal X-ray analysis of [Pt(2,4-diOMeL)₂(ox)]·2DMF (5·2DMF; DMF = N,N′-dimethylformamide), proved the slightly distorted square-planar geometry in the vicinity of the Pt(II) ion with one bidentate-coordinated oxalate dianion and two adenine derivatives (nL) coordinated to the Pt(II) centre through the N7 atom of an adenine moiety, thereby giving a PtN₂O₂ donor set. In vitro cytotoxicity of the prepared complexes was tested by an MTT assay against osteosarcoma (HOS) and breast adenocarcinoma (MCF7) human cancer cell lines. The best results were achieved for the complexes 2 and 5 in the case of both cell lines, whose IC₅₀ values equalled 3.6 ± 1.0, and 4.3 ± 2.1 μM (for 2), and 5.4 ± 3.8, and 3.6 ± 2.1 μM (for 5), respectively. The IC₅₀ equals 9.2 ± 1.5 μM against MCF7 cells in the case of 1. The in vitro cytotoxicity of the mentioned complexes significantly exceeded commercially used platinum-based anticancer drugs cisplatin (34.2 ± 6.4 μM and 19.6 ± 4.3 μM) and oxaliplatin (> 50.0 μM for both cancer cell lines).     

Synthesis and antitumor activity of new d-seco and d-homo androstane derivatives

Starting from 3β-hydroxy-17-oxo-16,17-secoandrost-5-ene-16-nitrile (1), the new 16,17-secoandrostane derivatives 4-9 were synthesized. On the other hand, 3β-hydroxy-17-oxa-d-homoandrost-5-ene-16-one (10) yielded the new d-homo derivatives 12, 13 and 15. In vitro antiproliferative activity of selected compounds against three tumor cell lines (human breast adenocarcinoma ER+, MCF-7, human breast adenocarcinoma ER−, MDA-MB-231, prostate cancer AR−, PC-3, and normal fetal lung fibroblasts, MRC-5) was evaluated. Compounds 3 and 12 showed strong antiproliferative activity against PC-3 cells, the IC₅₀ values being 2 μM and 0.55 μM, respectively. Compounds 6 (10 μM) and 14 (9 μM) showed moderate activity against MDA-MB-231 cells. The synthesized compounds 1-3, 5-8, 10 and 12-15 were not toxic to normal fetal lung fibroblasts cells, MRC-5.     

Neighbouring metal induced oxidative addition at the iron centre amongst the iron-arylpyridylphosphine complexes

Complexes of the type (η⁴-BuC₅H₅)Fe(CO)₂(P) (P = PPh₂Py 3, PPhPy₂4, PPy₃5; Py = 2-pyridyl) were satisfactorily prepared. Upon treatment of 3 with M(CO)₃(EtCN)₃ (M = Mo, 6a; W, 6b), the pyridyl N-atom could be coordinated to the metal M, which then eliminates a CO ligand from the Fe-centre and induced an oxidative addition of the endo-C-H of (η⁴-BuC₅H₅). This results in a bridged hydrido heterodimetallic complex [(η⁵-BuC₅H₄)Fe(CO)(μ-P,N-PPh₂Py)(μ-H)M(CO)₄] (M = Mo, 7a, 81%; W, 7b, 76%). The reaction of 4 or 5 with 6a,b did not give the induced oxidative addition, although these complexes contain more than one pyridyl N-atom. The reaction of 4 with M(CO)₄(EtCN)₂ (M = Mo, 9a; W, 9b) produced heterodimetallic complexes [(η⁴-BuC₅H₅)Fe(CO)₂(μ-P:N,N′-PPhPy₂)M(CO)₄] (M = Mo, 10a, 81%; W, 10b, 83%). Treatment of 5 with 6a,b gave [(η⁴-BuC₅H₅)Fe(CO)₂(μ-P:N,N′,N″-PPy₃)M(CO)₃] (M = Mo, 12a, 96%; W, 12b, 78%).     

Construction of carbon chains on ruthenium and osmium carbonyl clusters

We have used the elimination of AuX(PR₃) (X = halide, R = Ph, tol) that occurs in reactions of alkynylgold(I)-phosphine complexes with M₃(μ-H)₃ (μ₃-CBr) (CO)₉ (M = Ru, Os) to prepare the complexes M₃(μ-H)₃(μ₃-CCCR)(CO)₉ [M = Ru, R = Ph 2, CCSiMe₃3, Fc 4, CCFc 6-Ru, CC[Ru(PPh₃)₂Cp] 8; M = Os, R = CCFc 6-Os, CCCCFc 7], Fc′{(μ₃-CCC)Ru₃(μ-H)₃(CO)₉}₂5, and bis-cluster-capped carbon chain complexes {M₃(μ-H)₃(CO)₉}₂{μ₃:μ₃-C(CC)_nC} (M = Ru, n = 2 9, 3 10-Ru; M = Os, n = 3 10-Os) and {(L)(OC)₈(μ-H)₃M₃}C(CC)_nC{Co₃(μ-dppm)(CO)₇} (n = 1, M = Ru, L = CO 11, PPh₃12-Ru/P; n = 2, L = CO 12-Ru, PPh₃13; M = Os, L = CO 12-Os) in good to excellent yields. X-ray structural determinations of 2-5, 6-Ru, 6-Os, 7, 9, 11, 12-Ru, 12-Os and 12-Ru/P are reported.     

The influence of substituents (R) at N atom of thiophene-2-carbaldehyde thiosemicarbazones {(C4H3S)HCN-N(H)-C(S)NHR} on bonding, nuclearity and H-bonded networks of copper(I) complexes

The nuclearity, bonding and H-bonded networks of copper(I) halide complexes with thiophene-2-carbaldehyde thiosemicarbazones {(C₄H₃S)HC²N³-N(H)-C¹(S)N¹HR} are influenced by R substituents at N¹ atom. Thiophene-2-carbaldehyde-N¹-methyl thiosemicarbazone (HttscMe) or thiophene-2-carbaldehyde-N¹-ethyl thiosemicarbazone (HttscEt) have yielded halogen-bridged dinuclear complexes, [Cu₂(μ-X)₂(η¹-S-Htsc)₂(Ph₃P)₂] (Htsc, X: HttscMe, I, 1; Br, 2; Cl, 3; HttscEt, I, 4; Br, 5; Cl, 6), while thiophene-2-carbaldehyde-N¹-phenyl thiosemicarbazone (HttscPh) has yielded mononuclear complexes, [CuX(η¹-S-HttscPh)₂] (X, I, 7a; Br 8; Cl, 9) and a sulfur bridged dinuclear complex, [Cu₂(μ-S-HttscPh)₂(η¹-S-HttscPh)₂I₂] 7b co-existing with 7a in the same unit cell. These results are in contrast to S-bridged dimers [Cu₂(μ-S-Httsc)₂(η¹-Br)₂(Ph₃P)₂] · 2H₂O and [Cu₂(μ-S-Httsc)₂(η¹-Cl)₂(Ph₃P)₂] · 2CH₃CN obtained for R = H and X = Cl, Br (Httsc = thiophene-2-carbaldehyde thiosemicarbazone) as reported earlier. The intermolecular CH_Ph?π interaction in 1-3 (2.797 Å, 1; 3.264 Å, 2; 3.257 Å, 3) have formed linear polymers, whereas the CH_Ph?X and N³?HCH interactions in 4-6 (2.791, 2.69 Å, 5; 2.776, 2.745 Å, 6, respectively) have led to the formation of H-bonded 2D polymer. The PhN¹H?π, interactions (2.547 Å, 8, 2.599 Å, 9) have formed H-bonded dimers only. The Cu?Cu separations are 3.221-3.404 Å (1-6).     

Diiron and diruthenium aminocarbyne complexes containing pseudohalides: stereochemistry and reactivity

Acetonitrile is easily displaced from [Fe₂{μ-CN(Me)(R)}(μ-CO)(CO)(MeCN)(Cp)₂][SO₃CF₃] (R = 2,6-Me₂C₆H₃ (Xyl) (1a); Me (1b)) upon stirring in THF at room temperature in the presence of [NBu₄][SCN]. The resulting complexes trans-[Fe₂{μ-CN(Me)(R)}(μ-CO)(CO)(NCS)(Cp)₂] (R = Xyl (trans-2a); Me (trans-2b)) are completely isomerised to cis-[Fe₂{μ-CN(Me)(R)}(μ-CO)(CO)(NCS)(Cp)₂] (R = Xyl (cis-2a); Me (cis-2b)) when heated at reflux temperature. Similarly, the complexes cis-[M₂{μ-CN(Me)(R)}(μ-CO)(CO)(NCO)(Cp)₂] (M = Fe, R = Me (4a); M = Ru, R = Xyl (4b); M = Ru, R = Me (4c)) and cis-[M₂{μ-CN(Me)(R)}(μ-CO)(CO)(N₃)(Cp)₂] (M = Fe, R = Xyl (5a); M = Fe, R = Me (5b); M = Ru, R = Xyl (5c)) can be obtained by heating at reflux temperature a THF solution of [M₂{μ-CN(Me)(R)}(μ-CO)(CO)(MeCN)(Cp)₂][SO₃CF₃] (M = Fe, R = Xyl (1a); M = Fe, Me (1b); M = Ru, R = Xyl (1c); M = Ru, R = Me (1d)) in the presence of NaNCO and NaN₃, respectively. The reactions of 5 with MeO₂CCCCO₂Me, HCCCO₂Me and (NC)(H)CC(H)(CN) afford the triazolato complexes [M₂{μ-CN(Me)(R)}(μ-CO)(CO){N₃C₂(CO₂Me)₂}(Cp)₂] (M = Fe, R = Xyl (6a); M = Fe, R = Me (6b); M = Ru, R = Xyl (6c)), [M₂{μ-CN(Me)(R)}(μ- CO)(CO){N₃C₂(H)(CO₂Me)}(Cp)₂] (M = Fe, R = Me (7a); M = Ru, R = Xyl (7b)) and [Fe₂{μ-CN(Me)(Xyl)}(μ-CO)(CO){N₃C₂(H)(CN)}(Cp)₂] (8), respectively. The asymmetrically substituted triazolato complexes 7-8 are obtained as mixtures of N(1) and N(2) bonded isomers, whereas 6 exists only in the N(2) form. Methylation of 6-8 results in the formation of the triazole complexes [Fe₂{μ-CN(Me)(Xyl)}(μ-CO)(CO){N₃(Me)C₂(CO₂Me)₂}(Cp)₂][CF₃SO₃] (9), [M₂{μ-CN(Me)(R)}(μ-CO)(CO){N₃(Me)C₂(H)(CO₂Me)}(Cp)₂][CF₃SO₃] (M = Fe, R = Me (10a); M = Ru, R = Xyl (10b)) and [Fe₂{μ-CN(Me)(Xyl)}(μ-CO)(CO){N₃(Me)C₂(H)(CN)}(Cp)₂][CF₃SO₃], 11. The crystal structures of trans-2b, 4b · CH₂Cl₂, 5a, 6b · 0.5CH₂Cl₂ and 8 · CH₂Cl₂ have been determined.     

Dinuclear copper(II) complexes containing 6-(benzylamino)purines as bridging ligands: Synthesis, characterization, and in vitro and in vivo antioxidant activities

A series of dinuclear copper(II) complexes involving 6-(benzylamino)purine derivatives, (HL_n), as bridging ligands were synthesized, characterized and tested for both their in vitro and in vivo antioxidant activities. Based on results of elemental analyses, temperature dependence of magnetic susceptibility measurements, UV-vis, FTIR, EPR, NMR and MALDI-TOF mass spectroscopy, conductivity measurements and thermal analyses, the complexes with general compositions of [Cu₂(μ-HL_n)₄Cl₂]Cl₂ · 2H₂O (1-4) and [Cu₂(μ-HL_n)₂(μ-Cl)₂Cl₂] (5-7) were prepared {where n = 1-4; HL₁ = 6-[(2-methoxybenzyl)amino]purine, HL₂ = 6-[(4-methoxybenzyl)amino]purine, HL₃ = 6-[(2,3-dimethoxybenzyl)amino]purine and HL₄ = 6-[(3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)amino]purine}. In the case of complexes 2, 3, 5 and 7, the antioxidant activities were studied by both in vitro {superoxide dismutase-mimic (SOD-mimic) activity} and in vivo {cytoprotective effect against the alloxan-induced diabetes (antidiabetic activity)} methods. The obtained IC₅₀ value of the SOD-mimic activity for the complex 5 (IC₅₀ = 0.253 μM) was shown to be even better than that of the native bovine Cu,Zn-SOD enzyme (IC₅₀ = 0.480 μM), used as a standard. As for the antidiabetic activity, the pretreatment of mice with complexes 3 and 7 led to the complete elimination of cytotoxic attack of alloxan and its free radical metabolites, used as a diabetogenic agent. The cytoprotective effect of these compounds was proved by the preservation of the initial blood glucose levels of the pretreated animals, as against the untreated control group.     

Synthesis and reactivity with amines of new diiron alkynyl methoxy carbene complexes

The new diiron alkynyl methoxy carbene complexes [Fe₂{μ-CN(Me)(R)}(μ-CO)(CO){C(OMe)CCR′}(Cp)₂]⁺ (R = 2,6-Me₂C₆H₃ (Xyl), R′ = Tol, 3a; R = Xyl, R′ = Ph, 3b; R = Xyl, R′=Buⁿ, 3c; R = Xyl, R′=SiMe₃, 3d; R = Me, R′ = Tol, 3e; R = Me, R′ = Ph, 3f) are obtained in two steps by addition of R′CCLi (R′ = Tol, Ph, Buⁿ, SiMe₃) to the carbonyl aminocarbyne complexes [Fe₂{μ-CN(Me)(R)}(μ-CO)(CO)₂(Cp)₂]⁺ (R = Xyl, 1a; Me, 1b), followed by methylation of the resulting alkynyl acyl compounds [Fe₂{μ-CN(Me)(R)}(μ-CO)(CO){C(O)CCR′}(Cp)₂] (R = Xyl, R′ = Tol, 2a; R = Xyl, R′ = Ph, 2b; R = Xyl, R′ = Buⁿ, 2c; R = Xyl, R′ = SiMe₃, 2d; R = Me, R′ = Tol, 2e; R = Me, R′ = Ph, 2f). Complexes 3 react with secondary amines (i.e., Me₂NH, C₅H₁₀NH) to give the 4-amino-1-metalla-1,3-dienes [Fe₂{μ-CN(Me)(R)}(μ-CO)(CO){C(OMe)CHC(R′)(NMe₂)}(Cp)₂]⁺ (R = Xyl, R′ = Tol, 4a; R = Xyl, R′ = Ph, 4b; R = Me, R′ = Ph, 4c) and [Fe₂{μ-CN(Me)(Xyl)}(μ-CO)(CO){C(OMe)CHC(Tol)(NC₅H₁₀)}(Cp)₂]⁺, 5. The addition occurs stereo-selectively affording only the E-configured products. Analogously, addition of primary amines R′NH₂ (R′ = Ph, Et, Prⁱ) affords the 4-(NH-amino)-1-metalla-1,3-diene complexes [Fe₂{μ-CN(Me)(Xyl)}(μ-CO)(CO){C(OMe)CHC(R)(NHR′)}(Cp)₂]⁺ (R = Ph, 6a; Et, 6b; Prⁱ, 6c). In the case of 6a, only the E isomer is formed, whereas a mixture of the E and Z isomers is present in the case of 6b,c, with prevalence of the latter. Moreover, the two isomeric forms exist under dynamic equilibrium conditions, as shown by VT NMR studies. Complexes 6 are deprotonated by strong bases (e.g., NaH) resulting in the formation of the neutral vinyl imine complexes [Fe₂{μ-CN(Me)(Xyl)}(μ-CO)(CO){C(OMe)CHC(NR)(Tol)}(Cp)₂] (R = Ph, 7a; Et, 7b; Prⁱ, 7c); the reaction can be reverted by addition of strong acids. X-ray crystal structures have been determined for 3a[CF₃SO₃] · Et₂O, 4c[CF₃SO₃], 6a[BF₄] · CH₂Cl₂, 6c[CF₃SO₃] · 0.5Et₂O and 7a · CH₂Cl₂.     

Synthesis and antitumor activity of 5-[1-(3-(dimethylamino)propyl)-5-halogenated-2-oxoindolin-(3Z)-ylidenemethyl]-2,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxamides

We report herein the design and synthesis of novel 1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]indolin-2-one derivatives based on the structural features of Sunitinib, a known multitargeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, and TMP-20, a previously discovered compound with good antitumor activity in our lab. These newly synthesized derivatives were evaluated for in vitro activity against five human cancer cell lines and VEGF/bFGF-stimulated HUVECs. Results revealed that all of the target compounds 1a-p show potent antitumor activity, compounds 1e-h (IC₅₀’s: 0.45-5.08 μM) are more active than Sunitinib (IC₅₀’s: 1.35-6.61 μM), and the most active compound 1h (IC₅₀: 0.47-3.11 μM) is 2.1-4.6-fold more potent than Sunitinib against all five cancer cell lines. In addition, like Sunitinib, 1a-p have higher selectivity on VEGF-stimulated HUVEC other than bFGF-stimulated HUVEC.     

Evaluation of in vitro cytotoxicity and hepatotoxicity of platinum(II) and palladium(II) oxalato complexes with adenine derivatives as carrier ligands

In vitro antitumour activity of the [Pt(ox)(L_n)₂] (1-7) and [Pd(ox)(L_n)₂] (8-14) oxalato (ox) complexes involving N6-benzyl-9-isopropyladenine-based N-donor carrier ligands (L_n) against ovarian carcinoma (A2780), cisplatin resistant ovarian carcinoma (A2780cis), malignant melanoma (G-361), lung carcinoma (A549), cervix epitheloid carcinoma (HeLa), breast adenocarcinoma (MCF7) and osteosarcoma (HOS) human cancer cell lines was studied. Some of the tested complexes were even several times more cytotoxic as compared with cisplatin employed as a positive control. The improved cytotoxic effect was demonstrated for the platinum(II) complexes 3 (IC₅₀ = 3.2 ± 1.0 μM and 3.2 ± 0.6 μM) and 5 (IC₅₀ = 4.0 ± 1.0 μM and 4.1 ± 1.4 μM) against A2780 and A2780cis, as compared with 11.5 ± 1.6 μM, and 30.3 ± 6.1 μM determined for cisplatin, respectively. The significant in vitro cytotoxicity against MCF7 (IC₅₀ = 8.2 ± 3.8 μM for 12) and A2780 (IC₅₀ = 5.4 ± 1.2 μM for 14) was evaluated for the palladium(II) oxalato complexes, which again exceeded cisplatin, whose IC₅₀ equalled 19.6 ± 4.3 μM against the MCF7 cells. Selected complexes were also screened for their in vitro cytotoxic effect in primary cultures of human hepatocytes and they were found to be non-hepatotoxic.     

The use of trans-4-cotininecarboxylate to construct a polymeric copper(II) azido complex: Hydro(solvo)thermal synthesis, structure and magnetic properties

A new pyridyl-carboxylate ligand, the anion of trans-4-cotininecarboxylic acid, HL, 1, has been used to prepare a new polymeric copper(II) complex, [CuLN₃]_2n, 2, based on a [CuLN₃]₂ dimeric building block. The single crystal structures of both 1 and 2 have been determined and 1 has been found to be in its zwitterionic configuration. The structure of 2 is a one-dimensional tape-like polymeric structure based on an end-on azido-bridged binuclear [Cu₂N₃]₂ backbone moiety. Magnetic studies reveal that 2 is close to paramagnetic from 2 to 300 K with a Curie constant of 1.094 emu K/mol, a Weiss temperature of 0.73 K and a corresponding μ_eff of 2.09 μ_B. A fit of χ_MT for 2 with S₁ = S₂ = ½, yields g = 2.441(6), J = −0.49(3) cm⁻¹, zJ = −0.38(2) cm⁻¹ and N(α) = 0.00053(12) emu/mol, a fit that indicates the presence of both very weak intramolecular intrachain antiferromagnetic exchange coupling within the one-dimensional tape-like chains and very weak interchain antiferromagnetic exchange coupling between these chains.     

Synthesis of some new 1,3,5-trisubstituted pyrazolines bearing benzene sulfonamide as anticancer and anti-inflammatory agents

Thirteen new 2-pyrazoline derivatives bearing benzenesulfonamide moiety (2a-m) were synthesized by condensing appropriate chalcones with 4-hydrazinonbenzenesulfonamide hydrochloride and tested for anticancer and anti-inflammatory actions. According to the protocol of the National Cancer Institute (NCI) in vitro disease-oriented human cells screening panel assay compounds 2b, 2c, 2e, 2f and 2g exhibited considerable antitumor activities against the entire tested tumor cell lines and showed effective growth inhibition GI₅₀ (MG-MID) values of 2.63, 2.57, 6.61, 3.31 and 2.57 μM, respectively, beside a cyclostatic activity TGI (MG-MID) 9.54, 8.51, 24.0, 19.9 and 8.71 μM, respectively. Two compounds 2g and 2k showed more potent anti-inflammatory activity than celecoxib at 5 h in carrageenan-induced rat paw edema bioassay. These compounds (2g and 2k) proved to have superior gastrointestinal safety profiles as compared to celecoxib, when tested for their ulcerogenic effects. Compounds 2g and 2k showed no inhibition against the enzymatic activity of bovine COX-2 (in vitro).