Pacificamonas flava gen. nov., sp. nov., a Novel Member of the Family Sphingomonadaceae Isolated from the Southeastern Pacific

Strain JLT2015^T was isolated from surface seawater of the Southeastern Pacific. The strain was Gram-negative, aerobic, motile by gliding, and rod shaped. The dominant fatty acids were C_18:1ω7c, C_16:0, and C_16:1ω7c. The major respiratory ubiquinone was Q-10, and the predominant polyamine pattern was spermidine. The components of the polar lipid profile were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, and sphingoglycolipid. The DNA G+C content was 64.2 %. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed strain JLT2015^T belonged to belong to the family Sphingomonadaceae, exhibiting 94.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Novosphingobium pentaromativorans. On the basis of the taxonomic data presented, together with phylogenetic and genetic characteristics, strain JLT2015^T is considered to represent a novel genus, for which the name Pacificamonas flava gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Pacificamonas flava is JLT2015^T (=LMG27364^T = CGMCC1.12401^T).     

Sphingobacterium pakistanensis sp. nov., a novel plant growth promoting rhizobacteria isolated from rhizosphere of Vigna mungo

The taxonomic status of a bacterium, strain NCCP-246^T, isolated from rhizosphere of Vigna mungo, was determined using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. The strain NCCP-246^T can grow at 16–37 °C (optimum 32 °C), at pH ranges of 6–8 (optimum growth occurs at pH 7) and in 0–4 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis based upon on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison revealed that strain NCCP-246^T belonged to genus Sphingobacterium. Strain NCCP-246^T showed highest similarity to the type strain of Sphingobacterium canadense CR11^T (97.67 %) and less than 97 % with other species of the genus. The DNA–DNA relatedness value of strain NCCP-246^T with S. canadense CR11^T and Sphingobacterium thalpophilum JCM 21153^T was 55 and 44.4 %, respectively. The chemotaxonomic data revealed the major menaquinone as MK-7 and dominant cellular fatty acids were summed feature 3 [C_16:1 ω7c/C_16:1 ω6c] (37.07 %), iso-C_15:0 (28.03 %), C_16:0 (11.85 %), C_17:0 cyclo (8.84 %) and C_14:0 (2.42 %). The G+C content of the strain was 39.2 mol%. On the basis of DNA–DNA hybridization, phylogenetic analyses, physiological and, biochemical data, strain NCCP-246^T can be differentiated from the validly named members of genus Sphingobacterium and thus represents as a new species, for which the name, Sphingobacterium pakistanensis sp. nov. is proposed with the type strain NCCP-246^T (= JCM18974 ^T = KCTC 23914^T).     

Roseibacterium beibuensis sp. nov., a Novel Member of Roseobacter Clade Isolated from Beibu Gulf in the South China Sea

A novel aerobic, bacteriochlorophyll-containing bacteria strain JLT1202r^T was isolated from Beibu Gulf in the South China Sea. Cells were gram-negative, non-motile, and short-ovoid to rod-shaped with two narrower poles. Strain JLT1202r^T formed circular, opaque, wine-red colonies, and grew optimally at 3–4?% NaCl, pH 7.5–8.0 and 28–30?°C. The strain was catalase, oxidase, ONPG, gelatin, and Voges–Proskauer test positive. In vivo absorption spectrum of bacteriochlorophyll a presented two peaks at 800 and 877?nm. The predominant cellular fatty acid was C_18:1 ω7c and significant amounts of C_16:0, C_18:0, C_10:0 3-OH, C_16:0 2-OH, and 11-methyl C_18:1 ω7c were present. Strain JLT1202r^T contained Q-10 as the major respiratory quinone and the genomic DNA G+C content was 76.3?mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences of various species with validly published names showed that strain JLT1202r^T fell within the genus Roseibacterium, family Rhodobacteraceae, sharing the highest similarity with Roseibacterium elongatum OCh 323^T (97.9?% similarity), followed by Dinoroseobacter shibae DFL 12^T (95.4?% similarity). The phylogenetic distance of pufM genes between strain JLT1202r^T and R. elongatum OCh 323^T was 9.4?%, suggesting that strain JLT1202r^T was distinct from the only strain of the genus Roseibacterium. Based on the variabilities of phylogenetic and phenotypic characteristics, strain JLT1202r^T stands for a novel species of the genus Roseibacterium and the name R. beibuensis sp. nov. is proposed with JLT1202r^T as the type strain (=JCM 18015^T?=?CGMCC 1.10994^T).     

Two novel species Enterococcus lemanii sp. nov. and Enterococcus eurekensis sp. nov., isolated from a swine-manure storage pit

A polyphasic taxonomic study using morphological, biochemical, chemotaxonomic and molecular genetic methods was performed on six strains of unknown Gram-positive, nonspore-forming, facultative anaerobic coccus-shaped bacteria isolated from a swine-manure storage pit. On the basis of the 16S rRNA, RNA polymerase α-subunit (rpoA) and 60 kDa chaperonin (cpn60) gene sequence analyses, it was shown that all the isolates were enterococci but formed two separate lines of descent. Pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons demonstrated that the two novel organisms were most closely related to each other (97.9 %) and to Enterococcus aquimarinus (97.8 %). Both organisms contained major amounts of C_16:0, C_16:1 ω7c, C_16:1 ω7c, and C_18:1 ω7c/12t/9t as the major cellular fatty acids. Based on biochemical, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic evidence, the names Enterococcus lemanii sp. nov. (type strain PC32^T = CCUG 61260^T = NRRL B-59661^T) and Enterococcus eurekensis sp. nov. (type strain PC4B^T = CCUG 61259^T = NRRL B-59662^T) are proposed for these hitherto undescribed species.     

Flavobacterium arsenitoxidans sp. nov., an arsenite-oxidizing bacterium from Thai soil

An arsenite-oxidizing bacterium, strain S2-3H^T, was isolated from arsenic-contaminated soil sample collected from Dantchaeng district, Suphanburi province, Thailand and was characterized based on polyphasic taxonomic study. The strain was observed to be a Gram-stain negative, aerobic, yellow pigmented, non-spore forming and rod-shaped bacterium. Major menaquinone was MK-6. Iso-C_15:0, iso-C_15:0 3OH, C_16:1 ω7c/C_16:1 ω6c, C_16:0, iso-C_17:0 3OH, and C_16:0 3OH were the predominant cellular fatty acids. The polar lipid profile consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, unidentified phospholipids and unidentified aminophospholipids. The DNA G+C content was 37.0 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA sequence showed that strain S2-3H^T is affiliated to the genus Flavobacterium, and is closely related to F. defluvii KCTC 12612^T (97.0 %) and F. johnsoniae NBRC 14942^T (97.0 %). The strain S2-3H^T could be clearly distinguished from the related Flavobacterium species by its physiological and biochemical characteristics as well as its phylogenetic position and DNA–DNA relatedness. Therefore, the strain represents a novel species of the genus Flavobacterium, for which the name Flavobacterium arsenitoxidans sp. nov. (type strain S2-3H^T = KCTC 22507^T = NBRC 109607^T = PCU 331^T = TISTR 2238^T) is proposed.     

Wangella harbinensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a new member of the family Micromonosporaceae

A novel endophytic actinomycete, designated strain NEAU-J3^T, was isolated from soybean root (Glycine max (L.) Merr) and characterized using a polyphasic approach. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences suggested that strain NEAU-J3^T fell within the family Micromonosporaceae. The strain was observed to form an extensively branched substrate mycelium, which carried non-motile oval spores with a smooth surface. The cell walls of strain NEAU-J3^T were determined to contain meso-diaminopimelic acid and galactose, ribose and glucose were detected as whole-cell sugars. The major menaquinones were determined to be MK-9(H₄) and MK-9(H₆). The phospholipids detected were phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine. The major cellular fatty acids were determined to be C_16:0, C_18:1 ω9c, C_18:0, C_17:0, C_17:1 ω7c, anteiso-C_17:0, C_16:1 ω7c and C_15:0. The DNA G + C content was 62.5 mol%. On the basis of the morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, phylogenetic analysis and characteristic patterns of 16S rRNA gene signature nucleotides, strain NEAU-J3^T is considered to represent a novel species of a new genus within the family Micromonosporaceae, for which the name Wangella harbinensis gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Wangella harbinensis is strain NEAU-J3^T (=CGMCC 4.7039^T = DSM 45747^T).     

Pelagibacterium nitratireducens sp.nov., A Marine Alphaproteobacterium Isolated from the East China Sea

A Gram-negative, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming aerobic bacterium, motile with a single polar flagellum, strain JLT2005^T, was isolated from surface seawater collected from the East China Sea and formed ivory white colonies on a rich organic medium. The strain was positive for catalase, oxidase, and urease. It grew in the presence of 0–12 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 5 %), at 20–35 °C (optimum 25 °C), or at pH 6–10 (optimum pH 9). The major fatty acids (>10 %) were C_18:1ω7c, C_19:0ω8c cyclo, C_16:0, and C_18:0. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, and five unidentified glycolipids. Ubiquinone-10 and Ubiquinone-11 were present as the major quinones. The DNA G+C content was 74.3 mol%. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain JLT2005^T belongs to the genus Pelagibacterium in the family Hyphomicrobiaceae, class Alphaproteobacteria. The closest neighbors were Pelagibacterium halotolerans B2^T (98.7 % similarity) and Pelagibacterium luteolum 1_C16_27^T (97.1 % similarity). DNA–DNA relatedness values of strain JLT2005^T with P. halotolerans B2^T and with P. luteolum 1_C16_27^T were 31.6 and 25 %. Evidence from genotypic, chemotaxonomic, and phenotypic data shows that strain JLT2005^T represents a novel species of the genus Pelagibacterium, for which the name Pelagibacterium nitratireducens sp. nov is proposed. The type strain is JLT2005^T (=CGMCC 1.10829^T =JCM 17767^T).     

Erratum to: Two novel species Enterococcus lemanii sp. nov. and Enterococcus eurekensis sp. nov., isolated from a swine-manure storage pit

A polyphasic taxonomic study using morphological, biochemical, chemotaxonomic and molecular genetic methods was performed on six strains of an unknown Gram-positive, nonspore-forming, facultative anaerobic coccus-shaped bacterium isolated from a swine-manure storage pit. On the basis of 16S rRNA, RNA polymerase-subunit (rpoA), and the 60-kilodalton chaperonin (cpn60) gene sequence analyses, it was shown that all the isolates were enterococci but formed two separate lines of descent. Pairwise 16S rRNA sequence comparisons demonstrated that the two novel organisms were most closely related to each other (97.9 %) and to Enterococcus aquimarinus (97.8 %). Both organisms contained major amounts of C_16:0, C_16:1 ω7c, and C_18:1 ω7c/12t/9t as the major cellular fatty acids. Based on biochemical, chemotaxonomic, and phylogenetic evidence, the names Enterococcus lemanii sp. nov. (type strain PC32^T = CCUG 61260^T = NRRL B-59661^T) and Enterococcus eurekensis sp. nov. (type strain PC4B^T = CCUG 61259^T = NRRL B-59662^T) are proposed for the hitherto undescribed species.     

Nocardia bhagyanesis sp. nov., a novel actinomycete isolated from the rhizosphere of Callistemon citrinus (Curtis), India

A novel actinomycete strain, designated VRC07^T, was isolated from a Callistemon citrinus rhizosphere sample collected from Hyderabad, India. Its taxonomic status was determined by using polyphasic approach. It is a Gram-positive, aerobic, non-motile, weakly acid-fast strain. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain VRC07^T is a member of the genus Nocardia. The highest levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity was found between the strains Nocardia niwae W9241^T (99.6 %), Nocardia amikacinitolerans W9988^T (99.3 %) and Nocardia arthritidis IFM 10035^T (98.9 %); similarity to other type strains of the genus Nocardia was below 98.7 %. The organism had chemical and morphological features consistent with its classification in the genus Nocardia such as meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell wall peptidoglycan. Arabinose and galactose as the diagnostic sugars. Diagnostic polar lipids were phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol, and phosphatidylglycerol. The predominant menaquinone was MK-8(H_{4, ω-cycl}). The major fatty acids were C_16:0, C_18:0, C_{18:1 w9c}, C_{18:0 10-methyl TBSA} and sum in feature 3 (16:1 w7c/16:1 w6c). The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 68.5 mol%. The DNA–DNA relatedness data, together with phenotypic differences clearly distinguished the isolate from its closest relatives. On the basis of these phenotypic and genotypic data, the isolate represents a novel species, for which the name Nocardia bhagyanesis sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain is VRC07^T (=KCTC 29209^T = MTCC 11725^T = ATCC BAA-2548).     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Vibrio injenensis</Emphasis> sp. nov., isolated from human clinical specimens

Vibrio species are well known as motile, mostly oxidase-positive, facultative anaerobic Gram-negative bacteria. They are abundant in aquatic environments and are a common cause of human infections including diarrhea, soft tissue diseases, and bacteremia. Here, two Gram-negative bacteria, designated M12-1144^T and M12-1181, were isolated from human clinical specimens and identified using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Phylogenetic study based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that the isolates belong to the genus Vibrio, and are closely related to Vibrio metschnikovii KCTC 32284^T (98.3%) and Vibrio cincinnatiensis KCTC 2733^T (97.8%). The major fatty acids were summed feature 3 (C_16:1 ω7c/C_16:1 ω6c, 38.0%), C_16:0 (23.0%), and summed feature 8 (C_18:1 ω7c or C_18:1 ω6c, 19.3%) and major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, and phosphatidylethanolamine. The G + C content of the genomic DNA was determined to be 44.1 mol%. DNA–DNA relatedness between the two newly isolated strains and V. metschnikovii KCTC 32284^T and V. cincinnatiensis KCTC 2733^T was between 42.6 to 47.5%. The similarities of genome-to-genome distance between M12-1144^T and related species ranged from 18.4-54.8%. Based on these results, a new species of the genus Vibrio, Vibrio injenensis is proposed. The type strain is M12-1144 ^T(=KCTC 32233^T =JCM 30011^T).     

Description of Niveispirillum fermenti gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from a fermentor in Taiwan,transfer of Azospirillum irakense (1989) as Niveispirillum irakense comb. nov., and reclassification of Azospirillum amazonense (1983) as Nitrospirillum amazonense gen. nov

A taxonomic study was carried out on a novel aerobic bacterial strain (designated CC-LY736^T) isolated from a fermentor in Taiwan. Cells of strain CC-LY736^T were Gram-stain negative, spiral-shaped and motile by means of a monopolar flagellum. Strain CC-LY736^T shared the greatest degree of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Azospirillum irakense DSM 11586^T (97.2 %), Rhodocista centenaria JCM 21060^T (96.3 %) and Rhodocista pekingensis JCM 11669^T (96.1 %). The major fatty acids were C_16:0, C_16:1 ω5c, C_19:0 cyclo ω8c, C_18:1 ω7c/C_18:1 ω6c, C_16:0 3-OH and C_18:1 2-OH. The predominant polar lipids included phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidyldimethylethanolamine and two unidentified glycolipids. The common major respiratory quinone was ubiquinone Q-10 and predominant polyamines were sym-homospermidine and putrescine. The DNA G+C content of strain CC-LY736^T was 67.6 ± 0.1 mol %. During phylogenetic analysis, strain CC-LY736^T formed a unique phyletic lineage associated with Rhodocista species. However, the combination of genetic, chemotaxonomic and physiological data clearly indicated that strain CC-LY736^T was a novel representative of the family Rhodospirillaceae. Based on the polyphasic comparison, the name Niveispirillum fermenti gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain of the type species is CC-LY736^T (= BCRC 80504^T = LMG 27263^T). In addition, the reclassifications of Azospirillum irakense as Niveispirillum irakense comb. nov. (type strain KBC1^T = ATCC 51182^T = BCRC 15764^T = CIP 103311^T), and Azospirillum amazonense as Nitrospirillum amazonense gen. nov., sp. nov. (type strain Am14^T = ATCC 35119^T = BCRC 14279^T = DSM 3787^T) are proposed based on the polyphasic taxonomic data obtained in this study.     

Gordonia jinhuaensis sp. nov., a novel actinobacterium,isolated from a VBNC (viable but non-culturable) state in pharmaceutical wastewater

A Gram-stain positive, aerobic, non-motile and rod-shaped actinobacterial strain, designated as ZYR 51^T, was isolated from pharmaceutical wastewater in Jinhua city, Zhejiang province, Eastern China. Isolation was aided by using a resuscitation-promoting factor, suggesting the strain was recovered from a viable but non-culturable state. Strain ZYR 51^T was characterized by a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Growth was found to occur at 10–45 °C, pH 6.0–10.0 and 0–9 % NaCl (w/v). Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, phylogenetic analysis clearly demonstrated that strain ZYR 51^T belongs to the genus Gordonia and showed low level similarities (below 97 %) with all other members of this genus. The strain was found to possess meso-diaminopimelic acid (meso-DAP), along with MK-9(H₂) as the predominant menaquonine. Mycolic acids were found to be present. C_16:0 (34.9 %), 10-methyl C_18:0 (30.3 %), iso-C_18:0(8.2 %), and summed feature 3 (C_16:1 ω6c and/or C_16:1ω7c as define by MIDI; 18.8 %) were identified as the major cellular fatty acids. The polar lipid profile of strain ZYR 51^T was found to consist of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannosides and some unknown lipids. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain ZYR 51^T was determined to be 67.7 mol%. The combined genotypic and phenotypic data showed that the strain represents a novel species of the genus Gordonia, for which the name Gordonia jinhuaensis sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain is ZYR 51^T (=CGMCC 1.12827^T = NBRL B-59111^T = NBRC 110001^T).     

Bacillus abyssalis sp. nov., isolated from a sediment of the South China Sea

A Gram-positive bacterium, designated SCSIO 15042^T, was isolated from a sediment of the South China Sea and was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. The isolate grew at 20–60 °C, pH 6.0–10.0 and it could grow with up to 10 % (w/v) NaCl. The cell-wall diamino acid was found to be meso-diaminopimelic acid. Polar lipids were found to be diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine and an unknown polar lipid. The only menaquinone was determined to be MK-7. The major fatty acids were identified as C_16:1 ω7c/C_16:1 ω6c, C_16:0, iso-C_15:0, anteiso-C_15:0, and iso-C_16:0. The DNA G+C content of strain SCSIO 15042^T was determined to be 43.1 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences affiliated strain SCSIO 15042^T to the genus Bacillus. Levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities between strain SCSIO 15042^T and Bacillus herbersteinensis D-1-5a^T, Bacillus infantis SMC 4352-1^T, Bacillus novalis LMG 21837^T and Bacillus drentensis LMG 21831^T were 96.2, 96.2, 96.1 and 96.1 %, respectively. Based on the evidence of the present polyphasic study, strain SCSIO 15042^T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus abyssalis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SCSIO 15042^T (=DSM 25875^T = CCTCC AB 2012074^T = NBRC 109102^T).     

Alishewanella solinquinati sp. nov., Isolated from Soil Contaminated with Textile Dyes

A novel Gram-negative, motile, rod-shaped, facultative anaerobic bacterial strain, KMK6^T, was isolated from soil contaminated with textile dyes from an industrial estate located at Ichalkaranji, Maharashtra, India, and its taxonomical position was established by using a polyphasic approach. The major cellular fatty acids included C_17:1ω8c, summed feature 3 (C_16:1ω7c and/or iso-C_15:0 2-OH), C_17:0, C_16:0, and C_18:1ω7c. The DNA G+C content of strain KMK6^T was 48.8 mol %. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis confirmed its placement in the genus Alishewanella, and exhibited sequence similarity levels of below 97 % to the type strains of validly published Alishewanella species. On the basis of genotypic and phenotypic evidence, strains KMK6^T is considered to be a novel species of the genus Alishewanella, for which we propose that strain KMK6^T (=NCIM 5295^T =BCRC 17848^T) is assigned to a novel species, Alishewanella solinquinati sp. nov.     

Halomonas zhaodongensis sp. nov., a slightly halophilic bacterium isolated from saline–alkaline soils in Zhaodong, China

A slightly halophilic bacterium (strain NEAU-ST10-25^T) was isolated from saline–alkaline soils in Zhaodong City, Heilongjiang Province, China. The strain is a Gram-negative, aerobic motile rod. It accumulates poly-β-hydroxyalkanoate and produces exopolysaccharide. It produces beige-yellow colonies. Growth occurs at NaCl concentrations (w/v) of 0–15 % (optimum 3 %), at temperatures of 4–60 °C (optimum 35 °C) and at pH 6–12 (optimum pH 9). Its G+C content is 53.8 mol%. Phylogenetic analyses based on the separate 16S rRNA gene and concatenation of the 16S rRNA, gyrB and rpoD genes indicate that it belongs to the genus Halomonas in the class Gammaproteobacteria. The most phylogenetically related species is Halomonas alkaliphila DSM 16354^T, with which strain NEAU-ST10-25^T showed 16S rRNA, gyrB and rpoD gene sequence similarities of 99.2, 82.3 and 88.2 %, respectively. The results of DNA–DNA hybridization assays showed 60.47 ± 0.69 % DNA relatedness between strain NEAU-ST10-25^T and H. alkaliphila DSM 16354^T, 42.43 ± 0.37 % between strain NEAU-ST10-25^T and Halomonas venusta DSM 4743^T and 30.62 ± 0.43 % between strain NEAU-ST10-25^T and Halomonas hydrothermalis DSM 15725^T. The major fatty acids are C_18:1 ω7c (62.3 %), C_16:0 (17.6 %), C_16:1 ω7c/C_16:1 ω6c (7.7 %), C_14:0 (2.9 %), C_12:0 3-OH (2.8 %), C_10:0 (2.1 %) and C_18:1 ω9c (1.6 %) and the predominant respiratory quinone is ubiquinone 9 (Q-9). The proposed name is Halomonas zhaodongensis, NEAU-ST10-25^T (=CGMCC 1.12286^T = DSM 25869^T) being the type strain.     

Coralslurrinella hongkonensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel bacterium in the family Psychromonadaceae, isolated from the coral Platygyra carnosus

A novel bacterial strain, JLT2006^T, was isolated from the scleractinian coral Platygyra carnosus, located in Hong Kong, China. Cells of this strain were Gram-negative, rod-shaped or oval-shaped and motile by the means of polar flagella. They formed faint-yellow, round colonies on marine agar medium. Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that the strain JLT2006^T belonged to the class Gammaproteobacteria and was most closely related to Alteromonas-like bacteria of the genera Psychromonas, Pseudoalteromonas, Moritella, Shewanella and Ferrimonas, with less than 93 % sequence similarity. The predominant fatty acids were identified as C18:1ω7c/C18:1ω6c (23.0 %), C16:1ω7c/C16:1ω6c (18.2 %) and C16:0 (16.4 %). The quinone was menaquinone-7 (100 %). The polar lipids were determined to be phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phospholipid, glycolipid and lipid. The genomic DNA G+C content was 40.3 mol%. Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence as well as the physiological and biochemical features that separate the strain JLT2006^T from other recognized bacteria, a novel species of a new genus with the name Coralslurrinella hongkonensis gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is JLT2006^T (=JCM 18796^T = CGMCC 1.10992^T).     

Parendozoicomonas haliclonae gen. nov. sp. nov. isolated from a marine sponge of the genus Haliclona and description of the family Endozoicomonadaceae fam. nov. comprising the genera Endozoicomonas,Parendozoicomonas, and Kistimonas

Two Gram-stain-negative, facultative anaerobic, motile, rod-shaped strains, S-B4-1U^T and JOB-63a, forming small whitish transparent colonies on marine agar, were isolated from a sponge of the genus Haliclona. The strains shared 99.7% 16S rRNA gene sequence identity and a DNA-DNA hybridization value of 100%, but were differentiated by genomic fingerprinting using rep-PCRs. 16S rRNA gene sequence phylogeny placed the strains as a sister branch to the monophyletic genus Endozoicomonas (Oceanospirillales; Gammaproteobacteria) with 92.3–94.3% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Endozoicomonas spp., 91.9 and 92.1% to Candidatus Endonucleobacter bathymodiolin, and 91.9 to 92.1% to the type strains of Kistimonas spp. Core genome based phylogeny of strain S-B4-1U^T confirmed the phylogenetic placement. Major fatty acids were summed feature 3 (C_16:1 ω7c/C_16:1 ω6c) and 8 (C_18:1 ω7c/C_18:1 ω6c) followed by C_10:0 3-OH, C_16:0, and C_18:0. The G + C content was 50.1–51.4 mol%. The peptidoglycan diamino acid of strain S-B4-1U^T was meso-diaminopimelic acid, the predominant polyamine spermidine, the major respiratory quinone ubiquinone Q-9; phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylserine were major polar lipids. Based on the clear phylogenetic distinction, the genus Parendozoicomonas gen. nov. is proposed, with Parendozoicomonas haliclonae sp. nov. as type species and strain S-B4-1U^T (= CCM 8713^T = DSM 103671^T = LMG 29769^T) as type strain and JOB-63a as a second strain of the species. Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence phylogeny of the Oceanospirillales within the Gammaproteobacteria, the Endozoicomonaceae fam. nov. is proposed including the genera Endozoicomonas, Parendozoicomonas, and Kistimonas as well as the Candidatus genus Endonucleobacter.     

Sphingomonas gimensis sp. nov., a novel Gram-negative bacterium isolated from abandoned lead–zinc ore mine

A novel bacterial strain designated 9PNM-6^T was isolated from an abandoned lead–zinc ore mine site in Meizhou, Guangdong Province, China. The isolate was found to be Gram-negative, rod-shaped, orange-pigmented, strictly aerobic, oxidase- and catalase-positive. Growth occurred at 0–4 % NaCl (w/v, optimum, 0 %), at pH 6.0–8.0 (optimum, pH 7.0) and at 15–32 °C (optimum, 28–30 °C). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities showed that strain 9PNM-6^T belongs to the genus Sphingomonas, with the highest sequence similarities with Sphingomonas jejuensis NBRC 107775^T (99.7 %), Sphingomonas koreensis KCTC 2882^T (95.1 %) and Sphingomonas dokdonesis KCTC 12541^T (95.1 %). The chemotaxonomic characteristics of strain 9PNM-6^T were consistent with those of the genus Sphingomonas. The predominant respiratory quinone was identified as ubiquinone Q-10, the major polyamine as sym-homospermidine, and the major cellular fatty acids as C_18:1 ω7c, C_16:0, C_16:1 ω7c and/or C_16:1 ω6c and C_14:0 2-OH. The major polar lipids are sphingoglycolipid, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatideylcholine, an unidentified phospholipid and four unidentified aminolipids. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain 9PNM-6^T was determined to be 69.2 ± 0.6 mol%. Based on comparative analyses of morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic data, and levels of DNA–DNA relatedness values, strain 9PNM-6^T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Sphingomonas, for which the name Sphingomonas gimensis sp. nov. (Type strain 9PNM-6^T = GIMCC 1.655^T = CGMCC 1.12671^T = DSM 27569^T) is proposed.     

Parvularcula oceanus sp. nov., isolated from deep-sea water of the Southeastern Pacific Ocean

A Gram-negative, aerobic, motile by single polar flagellum, short rod-shaped bacterium was isolated from a deep-seawater sample of the Southeastern Pacific Ocean. Growth was found to occur at 10–40 °C, at pH 4.0–10.0 and in the presence of 0–9.0 % (w/v) NaCl. The phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain JLT2013^T fell within a clade comprising species of the genus Parvularcula and formed a coherent cluster with Parvularcula lutaonensis CC-MMS-1^T (neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree) or Parvularcula dongshanensis SH25^T (maximum-likelihood and maximum-parsimony phylogenetic trees). Sequence similarity analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain JLT2013^T shows high sequence similarity to P. lutaonensis CC-MMS-1^T (96.7 %), P. dongshanensis SH25^T (96.0 %) and Parvularcula bermudensis HTCC2503^T (95.2 %). The major cellular fatty acids were identified as C_12:0 (34.3 %), summed feature 8 (C_18:1 ω7c and/or C_18:1 ω6c) (10.9 %), C_16:0 (10.0 %) and C_17:1 ω6c (7.2 %). The polar lipids were found to include diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, three sphingoglycolipids and three unknown glycolipids. Strain JLT2013^T was found to contain Q-10 as the predominant quinone. The DNA G+C content was determined to be 66.3 mol%. In the light of the phenotypic characteristics, chemotaxonomic features and phylogenetic evidence gathered in this study, strain JLT2013^T (=LMG 27362^T = CGMCC 1.12400^T) should be classified as a novel species in the genus Parvularcula, for which the name Parvularcula oceanus sp. nov. is proposed.     

Isolation and Characterization of Marine Nonylphenol-Degrading Bacteria and Description of Pseudomaricurvus alkylphenolicus gen. nov., sp. nov.

Two novel aerobic p-n-nonylphenol-degrading bacterial strains were isolated from seawater obtained from the coastal region of Ogasawara Islands, Japan. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that the strains are affiliated with the order Alteromonadales within the class Gammaproteobacteria. One isolate, strain KU41G2, is most closely related to Maricurvus nonylphenolicus (99.2 % similarity), and is tentatively identified as M. nonylphenolicus. The other isolate, strain KU41G^T, is also most closely related to M. nonylphenolicus; however, the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity was only 94.7 %. Cells of strain KU41G^T are Gram-negative rods with a single polar flagellum. The predominant respiratory lipoquinone was ubiquinone-8, and the major cellular fatty acids were C_17:1 ω8c (24.2 %); C_15:0 iso 2-OH; and/or C_16:1 ω7c (16.3 %), C_15:0 (10.3 %), C_11:0 3-OH (9.5 %), C_9:0 3-OH (6.7 %), C_10:0 3-OH (6.4 %), and C_18:1 ω7c (5.5 %). The DNA G+C content was 53.3 mol%. On the basis of physiological, chemotaxonomic, and phylogenetic data, strain KU41G^T is suggested to represent a novel species of a new genus, for which we propose the name Pseudomaricurvus alkylphenolicus gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain of P. alkylphenolicus is KU41G^T (=JCM 19135^T = KCTC 32386^T).