Cruoricaptor ignavus gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel bacterium of the family Flavobacteriaceae isolated from blood culture of a man with bacteraemia

A Gram-reaction-negative bacterium, strain IMMIB L-12475^T, was isolated from blood cultures of a human with septicaemia. The yellowish orange pigmented strain contained flexirubin pigment. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain IMMIB L-12475^T belonged to the family Flavobacteriaceae, forming a distinct phyletic line that is distantly related (79.1–89.4% sequence similarity) to described genera of this family. Membership to the family was confirmed by a fatty acid profile consisting of branched-chain and 3-hydroxy fatty acids with major amounts of iso-C_17:0 3-OH and iso-C_15:0, by the presence of menaquinone MK-6 as the only respiratory quinone and a polyamine pattern that contained sym-homospermidine as major component. The phospholipids consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine and an unknown phospholipid. The genomic DNA mol% G+C content was 45.6%. The distant phylogenetic position as compared to other representative of the family and the significant phenotypic properties such as pigment composition, morphology, and physiology support the proposal of a novel genus and species Cruoricaptor ignavus gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain is IMMIB L-12475^T (=DSM 25479^T = CCUG 62025^T).     

Oceanobacillus halophilum sp. nov. Isolated from a Mangrove Forest Soil

A halophilic, aerobic bacterium, designated GD01^T, was isolated from a mangrove forest soil near the South China Sea. Cells of strain GD01^T were Gram staining positive, oxidase positive, and catalase positive. The strain was rod shaped and motile by means of peritrichous flagella and produced ellipsoidal endospores. The strain was able to grow with NaCl at concentrations of 0.5–12 % (optimum 3–5 %, w/v), at temperatures of 20–50 °C (optimum 30 °C), and at pH 6.0–8.5 (optimum pH 7.0). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain GD01^T formed a cluster with O. profundus DSM 18246^T (96.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), O. caeni KCTC 13061^T (95.4 %), and O. oncorhynchi JCM 12661^T (94.5 %). The G+C content of strain GD01^T was 38.7 mol%. The major respiratory quinone was MK-7. The major cellular fatty acids (>5 %) were anteiso-C_15:0, iso-C_16:0 (13.7 %), anteiso-C_17:0 (12.6 %), iso-C_15:0 (9.9 %), iso-C_14:0 (9.5 %), and C_16:0 (5.0 %). The polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, glycolipid, four unknown lipids, and four unknown phospholipids. Based on phenotypic characteristics, chemotaxonomic features, and phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, the strain was identified to represent a distinct novel species in the genus Oceanobacillus, and the name proposed is Oceanobacillus halophilum sp. nov. with type train GD01^T (=CCTCC AB 2012863^T = KCTC 33101^T).     

Luteolibacter cuticulihirudinis sp. nov., isolated from Hirudo medicinalis

A Gram-negative, coccoid shaped bacterium isolated from the outer surface of the medicinal leech Hirudo medicinalis was characterized. The 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison revealed that the bacterium was closely related to species of the genus Luteolibacter. Luteolibacter pohnpeiensis was the most closely related species (94.6 % sequence similarity), followed by Luteolibacter luojiensis (93.4 %) and Luteolibacter algae (93.3 %). Chemotaxonomic data (major ubiquinone: MK-9; major polar lipids: phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol; and major fatty acids: iso-C_14:0, C_16:0, iso-C_16:1, and anteiso-C_15:0) supported the affiliation of the isolate to the genus Luteolibacter. DNA–DNA hybridizations with the type strain of L. pohnpeiensis was 31 % (reciprocal value 30 %). A phenotypic differentiation of strain E100^T from L. pohnpeiensis and the other Luteolibacter species was possible by several physiological tests. We conclude Strain E100^T represents a novel species, for which we propose the name Luteolibacter cuticulihirudinis sp. nov. with the type strain E100^T (=CCM 8400^T = LMG 26924^T).     

Lysobacter thermophilus sp. nov., isolated from a geothermal soil sample in Tengchong, south-west China

A Gram-negative and aerobic bacterium, designated YIM 77875^T, was isolated from a geothermal soil sample collected at Rehai National Park, Tengchong, Yunnan Province, south-west China. Bacterial growth occurred from 37 to 65 °C (optimum 50 °C), pH 6.0–8.0 (optimum pH 7.0) and 0–1 % NaCl (w/v). Cells were rod-shaped and colonies were convex, circular, smooth, yellow and non-transparent. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain YIM 77875^T belongs to the genus Lysobacter. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values between strain YIM 77875^T and other species of the genus Lysobacter were all below 94.7 %. The polar lipids of strain YIM 77875^T were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and five unknown phospholipids. The predominant respiratory quinone was Q-8 and the G+C content was 68.8 mol%. Major fatty acids were iso-C_16:0, iso-C_15:0 and iso-C_11:0. On the basis of the morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, as well as genotypic data, strain YIM 77875^T represents a novel species, Lysobacter thermophilus sp. nov., in the genus Lysobacter. The type strain is YIM 77875^T (CCTCC AB 2012064^T = KCTC 32020^T).     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Luteimonas aestuarii</Emphasis> sp. nov., isolated from tidal flat sediment

A novel bacterium B9^T was isolated from tidal flat sediment. Its morphology, physiology, biochemical features, and 16S rRNA gene sequence were characterized. Colonies of this strain are yellow and the cells are Gram-negative, rod-shaped, and do not require NaCl for growth. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity indicated that strain B9^T is associated with the genus Lysobacter (≤ 97.2%), Xanthomonas (≤ 96.8%), Pseudomonas (≤ 96.7%), and Luteimonas (≤ 96.0%). However, within the phylogenetic tree, this novel strain shares a branching point with the species Luteimonas composti CC-YY255^T (96.0%). The DNA-DNA hybridization experiments showed a DNA-DNA homology of 23.0% between strain B9^T and Luteimonas mephitis B1953/27.1^T. The G+C content of genomic DNA of the type strain is 64.7 mol% (SD, 1.1). The predominant fatty acids are iso-C_11:0, iso-C_15:0, iso-C_16:0, iso-C_17:0, iso-C_17:0 ω9c, and iso-C_11:0 3-OH. Combined analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences, fatty acid profile, and results from physiological and biochemical tests indicated that there is genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of the isolate from other Luteimonas species. For these reasons, strain B9^T was proposed as a novel species, named Luteimonas aestuarii. The type strain of the new species is B9^T (= KCTC 22048^T, DSM 19680^T).     

Cohnella plantaginis sp. nov., a novel nitrogen-fixing species isolated from plantain rhizosphere soil

A novel bacterium capable of fixing nitrogen was isolated from plantain rhizosphere soil in China. The isolate, designated YN-83^T, is Gram-positive, aerobic, motile and rod-shaped (0.4–0.6 μm × 1.9–2.6 μm). Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain YN-83^T was a member of the genus Cohnella. High similarity of 16S rRNA gene sequence was found between YN-83^T and Cohnella ginsengisoli DSM18997^T (97.99%), whereas the similarity was below 96.0% between YN-83^T and the other Cohnella species. DNA–DNA relatedness between strain YN-83^T and C. ginsengisoli DSM18997^T was 27.4 ± 6.2%. The DNA G+C content of strain YN-83^T was 59.3 mol%. The predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-7 and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C_15:0 (44.3%), iso-C_15:0 (11.3%), iso-C_16:0 (18.6%) and C_16:0 (7.7%). The polar lipids of strain YN-83^T consist of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, lyso- phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannosides. On the basis of phenotypic and chemotaxonomic properties, 16S rRNA gene sequence, G+C content and DNA–DNA hybridization, strain YN-83^T represents a novel species of the genus Cohnella, for which the name Cohnella plantaginis sp. nov. (type strain YN-83^T = DSM 25424^T = CGMCC 1.12047^T) is proposed.     

Winogradskyella jejuensis sp. nov., a marine bacterium isolated from a brown alga Carpopeltis affinis

A Gram-negative, orange-pigmented, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain CP32^T was isolated from a brown alga Carpopeltis affinis collected on the coast of Jeju Island, Republic of Korea. The isolate grew at 10–37°C (optimum 25°C) and at pH 6.5–9.5 (optimum pH 7.0). The 16S rRNA gene sequence of the isolate showed much similarity with the type strains of recognized species of the genus Winogradskyella (94.0–96.6%). The most closely related species were Winogradskyella echinorum KMM 6211^T, Winogradskyella ulvae KMM 6390^T, Winogradskyella thalassocola KMM 3907^T, Winogradskyella poriferorum UST030701-295^T, and Winogradskyella eximia KMM 3944^T. The major respiratory quinone was menaquinone-6 (MK-6) and the predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C_15:1 G (24.8%), iso-C_15:0 (23.4%), and iso-C_17:0 3-OH (11.6 %). The DNA G+C content was 33.3 mol%. The polar lipid profile was composed of phosphatidylethanolamine, two aminolipids, and five unknown lipids. On the basis of phenotypic features, and the result of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain CP32^T (=KCTC 23835^T =JCM 18454^T) represents a novel species of the genus Winogradskyella, for which the name Winogradskyella jejuensis sp. nov. is proposed.     

Dyella jejuensis sp. nov., isolated from soil of Hallasan Mountain in Jeju Island

A novel bacterium, designated JP1^T, was isolated from soil of Hallasan Mountain in Jeju Island. The isolate was a Gramnegative, aerobic, motile and rod-shaped (0.2–0.4 × 1.2–2.0 μm) bacterium. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain JP1^T was closely related to Dyella koreensis with 97.6% similarity. Growth of strain JP1^T occurred at 10–37°C, pH 5–7 and 0–1% (w/v) NaCl. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain JP1^T was 62.1 mol%. The major fatty acids were iso-C_16:0, iso-C_17:1 ω9c, and iso-C_15:0. The predominant quinone was ubiquinone-8. The major polar lipids of strain JP1^T were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, unidentified aminolipids and unidentified aminophospholipids. The DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain JP1^T and previously reported Dyella species were <10%. Based on phenotypic, genotypic, and phylogenetic distinctness, strain JP1^T represents a novel species in the genus Dyella, for which the name Dyella jejuensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is JP1^T (=KACC 17701^T =JCM 19615^T).     

Paenibacillus pinihumi sp. nov., a cellulolytic bacterium isolated from the rhizosphere of Pinus densiflora

A novel cellulolytic bacterium, strain S23^T, was isolated from the rhizosphere of the pine trees in Daejeon, Republic of Korea. This isolate was Gram-positive, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped, catalase-negative, oxidase-positive, motile by means of peritrichous flagella, and tested positive for alkaline phosphatase, esterase lipase, leucine arylamidase, α-galactosidase, and β-galactosidase activities. The DNA G+C content was 49.5 mol%. The main cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C_15:0 (51.9%), iso-C_16:0 (14.7%), and iso-C_15:0 (13.2%). The major isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone 7 (MK-7). Diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall pepti-doglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that this strain clustered with Paenibacillus species. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values between S23^T and other Paenibacillus species were between 89.9% and 95.9%, and S23^T was most closely related to Paenibacillus tarimensis SA-7-6^T. On the basis of phylogenetic and phenotypic properties of strain S23^T, the isolate is considered as a novel species belonging to the genus Paenibacillus. Therefore, the name, Paenibacillus pinihumi sp. nov., is proposed for the rhizosphere isolate; the type strain is S23^T (=KCTC 13695^T =KACC 14199^T =JCM 16419^T)     

Ferruginibacter profundus sp. nov., a novel member of the family Chitinophagaceae,isolated from freshwater sediment of a reservoir

A Gram-negative, aerobic, non-motile, and rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain DS48-5-3^T, was isolated from a 48 m sediment sample taken from Daechung Reservoir, Republic of Korea. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence studies showed a clear affiliation of this strain to the Bacteroidetes, notably most closely related to Ferruginibacter alkalilentus HU1-GD23^T, Ferruginibacter lapsinanis HU1-HG42^T and Ferruginibacter yonginensis HME8442^T, showing 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to the type strains of these species of 95.2–96.4 % similarity. The predominant ubiquinone was identified as MK-7. The major fatty acids were identified as iso-C_15:0, iso-C_17:0 3-OH, and iso-C_15:1 G. The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain DS48-5-3^T was determined to be 37.2 %. On the basis of polyphasic evidence, it is proposed that strain DS48-5-3^T should belong to a novel species, for which the name Ferruginibacter profundus sp. nov. (type strain DS48-5-3^T = KCTC 32478^T = JCM 19431^T), is proposed.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Antarcticimonas flava</Emphasis> gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from Antarctic coastal seawater

A marine bacterium, designated IMCC3175^T, was isolated from a seawater sample collected off the Antarctic coast. The strain was Gram-negative, obligately aerobic, carotenoid pigment-containing, and rod-shaped bacterium that divided by binary fission. As determined by 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons, the most closely related genera were Formosa (92.9∼93.3%), Bizionia (91.6∼93.2%), Gaetbulibacter (91.5∼92.8%), Sediminibacter (92.7%), Yeosuana (92.6%), Subsaximicrobium (92.1∼92.2%), and Gillisia (89.5∼92.2%). Phylogenese analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the strain formed a monophyletic clade together with the genera Sediminibacter and Subsaximicrobium but represented an independent phyletic line in this clade of the family Flavobacteriaceae. The DNA G+C content of the strain was 37.3 mol%. The major respiratory quinone was MK-6 and the predominant cellular fatty acids were C_16:1 ω7c and/or iso-C_15:0 2-OH (12.8%), anteiso-C_15:0 (9.4%), and iso-C_16:1 (9.4%). Low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, formation of a distinct phylogenetic branch, and several phenotypic characteristics, including a narrow range of temperature and salinity for growth, differentiated strain IMCC3175^T from other related genera in the family Flavobacteriaceae. Therefore the name Antarcticimonas flava gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed, with strain IMCC3175^T (=KCCM 42713^T =NBRC 103398^T) as the type strain.     

Hymenobacter qilianensis sp. nov., isolated from a subsurface sandstone sediment in the permafrost region of Qilian Mountains,China and emended description of the genus Hymenobacter

A red–pink, Gram-negative, rod-shaped, non-motile, non-spore-forming bacterium, designated strain DK6-37 was isolated from the permafrost region of Qilian Mountains in northwest of China. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing indicated that this isolate represents a novel member of the genus Hymenobacter, with low sequence similarities (<97 %) to recognized Hymenobacter species. Optimum growth was observed at 28 °C, pH 7.0 and 0 % NaCl. The strain was found to contain MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone. The polar lipids were identified as phosphatidylethanolanmine, two unknown aminophospholipids, one unknown aminolipid and three unknown polar lipids. The major fatty acids were identified as summed feature 3 (C_16:1 ω7c/C_16:1 ω6c as defined by MIDI), summed feature 4 (anteiso-C_17:1 B/iso-C_17:1 I), C_16:1 ω5c, iso-C_17:0 3-OH, iso-C_15:0 and C_18:0. The DNA G + C content was determined to be 67.4 mol %. On the basis of the polyphasic evidence presented, it is proposed that strain DK6-37 represents a novel species of the genus Hymenobacter, for which the name Hymenobacter qilianensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is DK6-37^T (= CGMCC 1.12720^T = JCM 19763^T).     

Pseudoxanthomonas gei sp. nov., a novel endophytic bacterium isolated from the stem of Geum aleppicum

A Gram stain-negative, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped, non-motile and deep-yellow-coloured bacterial strain, designated ZFJR-3^T, was isolated from the stem of Geum aleppicum Jacq. collected from Taibai Mountain in Shaanxi Province, north-west China, and characterized by using a polyphasic approach. The novel isolate grew optimally at 25–28 °C and in the absence of NaCl. Flexirubin-type pigments were produced. The predominant respiratory quinone was ubiquinone-8 (Q-8) and the major cellular fatty acids were iso-C_15:0 (29.2 %), iso-C_16:0 (18.5 %), summed feature 9 (comprising iso-C_17:1 ω9c and/or C_16:0 10-methyl; 8.8 %), C_16:1 ω7c alcohol (8.8 %), iso-C_11:0 3-OH (6.9 %) and iso-C_11:0 (6.8 %). The DNA G+C content was 66.1 mol %. The only polyamine was spermidine and the major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain ZFJR-3^T belongs to the genus Pseudoxanthomonas and was most closely related to Pseudoxanthomonas yeongjuensis KCTC 22757^T (16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, 99.0 %) and Pseudoxanthomonas sacheonensis KCTC 22080^T (98.0 %). The levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with respect to other Pseudoxanthomonas species with validly published names were less than 96.5 %. DNA–DNA relatedness values for strain ZFJR-3^T with respect to its closely related neighbours P. yeongjuensis KCTC 22757^T and P. sacheonensis KCTC 22080^T were 48.7 and 36.3 %, respectively. Based on the phenotypic, phylogenetic and genotypic data, strain ZFJR-3^T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Pseudoxanthomonas, for which the name Pseudoxanthomonas gei sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is ZFJR-3^T (=CCTCC AB 2013020^T =KCTC 32298^T).     

Thermus tengchongensis sp. nov., isolated from a geothermally heated soil sample in Tengchong, Yunnan, south-west China

A Gram-stain negative aerobic bacterium, designated YIM 77924^T, was isolated from a geothermally heated soil sample collected at Rehai National Park, Tengchong, Yunnan province, south-west China. Growth was found to occur from 55 to 75 °C (optimum 65 °C), pH 6.0–8.0 (optimum pH 7.0) and 0–1 % NaCl (w/v). Cells were observed to be rod-shaped and the colonies convex, circular, smooth, yellow and non-transparent. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain YIM 77924^T belongs to the genus Thermus. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values between strain YIM 77924^T and other species of the genus Thermus were all below 97 %. The polar lipids of strain YIM 77924^T were determined to be aminophospholipid, phospholipid and glycolipid. The predominant respiratory quinone was determined to be MK-8 and the G+C content was 66.64 mol%. The major fatty acids identified were iso-C_16:0, iso-C_15:0, iso-C_17:0 and C_16:0. On the basis of the morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics as well as genotypic data, strain YIM 77924^T is proposed to represent a novel species, Thermus tengchongensis sp. nov., in the genus Thermus. The type strain is YIM 77924^T (=KCTC 32025^T = CCTCC AB2012063^T).     

Lysinibacillus mangiferahumi sp. nov., a new bacterium producing nematicidal volatiles

A Gram-positive bacterium, designated M-GX18^T, was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of mango (Guangxi Province, China). The isolate produced nematicidal volatile compounds with activities against the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. The organism was motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive, spore-forming and rod shaped. The predominant menaquinone was MK-7 and the major cellular fatty acid profiles were iso-C_15:0, anteiso-C_15:0 and iso-C_16:0. The DNA G+C content was 38.9%. A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that this organism represented a new species of the genus Lysinibacillus. Strain M-GX18^T exhibited high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with its closest neighbors Lysinibacillus sphaericus (98.5%), Lysinibacillus fusiformis (98.1%) and Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus (98.6%). The physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic data, including DNA–DNA hybridization relatedness data, indicate that strain M-GX18^T can be distinguished from all the related species of the genus Lysinibacillus. Therefore, on the basis of the polyphasic taxonomic data presented, a new species of the genus Lysinibacillus, Lysinibacillus mangiferahumi, with the type strain M-GX18^T (=DSM 24076^T = CCTCC AB 2010389^T) is proposed.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Bacillus berkeleyi</Emphasis> sp. nov., isolated from the sea urchin <Emphasis Type="Italic">Strongylocentrotus intermedius</Emphasis>

A bacterial strain, designated KMM 6244^T, was isolated from the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic investigation. The bacterium was found to be heterotrophic, aerobic, non-motile and spore-forming. Comparative phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing placed the marine isolate in the genus Bacillus. The nearest neighbor of strain KMM 6244^T was Bacillus decolorationis LMG 19507^T with a 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 98.0%. Sequence similarities with the other recognized Bacillus species were less than 96.0%. The results of the DNA–DNA hybridization experiments revealed a low relatedness (37%) of the novel isolate with the type strain of B. decolorationis LMG 19507^T. Strain KMM 6244^T grew at 4–45°C and with 0–12% NaCl. It produced catalase and oxidase and hydrolyzed aesculin, casein, gelatin and DNA. The predominant fatty acids were anteiso-C_15:0, iso-C_15:0, anteiso-C_17:0, C_15:0, iso-C_16:0 and iso-C_14:0. The DNA G + C content was 39.4 mol%. A combination of phylogenetic, genotypic and phenotypic data clearly indicated that strain KMM 6244^T represents a novel species in the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus berkeleyi sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is KMM 6244^T (KCTC 12718^T = LMG 26357^T).     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Bacillus rhizosphaerae</Emphasis> sp. nov., an novel diazotrophic bacterium isolated from sugarcane rhizosphere soil

A Gram-positive, non-pigmented, rod-shaped, diazotrophic bacterial strain, designated SC-N012^T, was isolated from rhizosphere soil of sugarcane and was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. The strain exhibited phenotypic properties that included chemotaxonomic characteristics consistent with its classification in the genus Bacillus. Sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene of SC-N012^T revealed the closest match (98.9% pair wise similarity) with Bacillus clausii DSM 8716^T. However, DNA–DNA hybridization experiments indicated low levels of genomic relatedness (32%) with this strain. The major components of the fatty acid profile are iso-C_15:0, anteiso-C_15:0, iso-C_17:0 and anteiso-C_17:0. The diagnostic cell-wall diamino acid was meso-diaminopimelic acid. The G+C content of the genomic DNA is 43.0 mol%. The lipids present in strain SC-N012^T are diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol and two unknown phospholipids. Their predominant respiratory quinone was MK-7. Studies of DNA-DNA relatedness, morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic analyses and phylogenetic data based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing allowed strain SC-N012^T to be described as members of novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus rhizosphaerae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SC-N012^T (=DSM 21911^T = NCCB 100267^T).     

Flavobacterium aquaticum sp. nov., a member of the Bacteroidetes isolated from a freshwater reservoir

A novel bacterial strain, designated ARSA-111^T, was isolated from a freshwater reservoir in Cheonan, Korea. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences suggested that the isolate belonged to the genus Flavobacterium of phylum Bacteroidetes. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain ARSA-111^T showed a high degree of sequence similarity to those of Flavobacteium cheonanense KACC 14972^T (97.3%), F. aquatile JCM 20475^T (97.1%), and other type strains of the genus Flavobacterium (< 97.0%). The phylogenetic tree and network analysis (i.e. median-joining) based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain ARSA-111^T is most closely related to F. aquatile JCM 20475^T. DNA-DNA hybridization experiment revealed 70% of genomic relatedness among strain ARSA-111^T, F. aquatile JCM 20475^T and F. cheonanense KACC 14972^T. The isolate had iso-C_15:1, iso-C_15:0, and iso-C_15:0 3-OH as predominant cellular fatty acids and MK-6 as a predominant menaquinone. The genomic DNA G+C content of the isolate was 35.6 mol%. On the basis of these data, strain ARSA-111^T is considered to be a novel species of the genus Flavobacterium, for which the name Flavobacterium aquaticum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is strain ARSA-111^T (=KACC 14973^T =KCTC 23185^T = JCM 17070^T).     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Marinobacterium marisflavi</Emphasis> sp. nov., Isolated from a Costal Seawater

A marine bacterium designated strain IMCC4074^T was isolated from surface seawater collected off Incheon Port, the Yellow Sea, and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomy. The strain was Gram-negative, chemoheterotrophic, slightly halophilic, strictly aerobic, and motile rods. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons, the strain was most closely related to Marinobacterium litorale KCTC 12756^T (93.9%) and shared low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with members of the genus Marinobacterium (91.8–93.9%) and the genus Neptunomonas (93.4%) in the order Oceanospirillales. Phylogenetic analyses showed that this marine isolate formed an independent phyletic line within the genus Marinobacterium clade. The DNA G+C composition of the strain was 56.0 mol% and the predominant constituents of the cellular fatty acids were C_16:0 (28.0%), C_16:1 ω7c and/or iso-C_15:0 2-OH (19.3%), C_18:1 ω7c (17.8%), and C_17:1 cyclo (12.5%), which differentiated the strain from other Marinobacterium species. Based on the taxonomic data collected in this study, only a distant relationship could be found between strain IMCC4074^T and other members of the genus Marinobacterium, thus the strain represents a novel species of the genus Marinobacterium, for which the name Marinobacterium marisflavi sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Marinobacterium marisflavi is IMCC4074^T (= KCTC 12757^T = LMG 23873^T). The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain IMCC4074^T is EF468717. An erratum to this article can be found at