制干枣品种品质性状的因子分析与综合评价

综合评价制干枣主要栽培品种的品质,为制干枣品种选择和生产利用提供科学依据。应用SPSS统计分析软件,采用因子分析对13个制干枣品种的品质性状进行了比较和排序。结果表明：（1）在13个制干枣品种中,制干率和干枣含糖量差别较小,而单果质量、果实整齐度、果皮韧性和汁液差异相对较大;各品质因子间既相互独立又存在着不同程度的相关。（2）在9个品质性状指标中,单果质量、制干率、干枣口感、干枣含糖量和果皮韧性等5个指标起决定作用。（3）因子分析结果表明,制干品质综合性状优良的品种是相枣和板枣,临汾团枣、洪赵小枣和中阳木枣相对较差,其它品种居中,这一结果与感官评价的结果基本一致。本研究表明：应用因子分析可以较好地用于制干枣品种品质性状的综合评价。     

猕猴桃品种‘金桃’采收指标与果实软熟品质相关性研究

分别对河南省27个果园的中华猕猴桃（Actinidia chinensis Planch.）品种‘金桃’果实的5项采收生理指标及果实软熟时的8项品质性状进行测定,采用主成分分析法对果实软熟时的品质指标进行综合评分,并对果实的采收生理指标、果实软熟品质指标及综合分值间进行相关性分析。结果显示,采收时的生理指标（干物质、色度角、硬度和可溶性固形物）均与果实软熟品质综合分值间呈极显著相关,其中干物质相关系数最高,为0.437。干物质与体现果实软熟品质的关键指标（可溶性固形物、总糖和糖酸比）均呈极显著性相关。研究结果表明‘金桃’果实采收时,干物质含量是果实软熟时品质的重要评价指标,而可溶性固形物和色度角是评判采收期的辅助指标。     

NAA对解放钟枇杷果实品质影响初报

在枇杷盛花期和幼果期使用不同浓度的萘乙酸(NAA)处理解放钟枇杷,分析其对果实品质的影响。结果表明:盛花期喷布20mg/L NAA对提高枇杷果实品质有一定效果,而幼果期喷布15~50mg/L NAA对提高枇杷果实品质作用不大。     

Fine mapping of QTLs of chromosome 2 affecting the fruit architecture and composition of tomato

Negative correlations between quality traits and fruit size may hamper the breeding of fresh market tomato varieties for better organoleptic qualities. In a recent QTL analysis, QTLs with large effects on fruit weight, locule number and several quality traits were detected in the distal 50 cM of chromosome 2, but favorable alleles for fruit weight and locule number were unfavorable to quality traits. Substitution mapping was undertaken to determine whether the effects were due to a single QTL or to several tightly linked QTLs. Several chromosomal segments were characterized using near-isogenic lines. Five of them appeared to be involved in one or several traits. Considering the five segments from the top to the bottom of the region, the QTLs detected in each segment controlled the variation of: (1) fruit weight, (2) soluble solids content and dry matter weight, (3) fruit weight, (4) locule number and (5) fruit weight, dry matter weight, total sugars, titratable acidity and soluble solids content. This last cluster illustrates an antagonism between fruit weight and four quality traits, as favorable alleles are not conferred by the same parent in both cases. Nevertheless, several antagonistic QTLs were separated from each other in the first four segments, holding the promise for marker-assisted improvement of fruit quality traits without compromising the fruit size.     

水分对有机基质栽培番茄生理特性、品质及产量的影响

以"齐粉"番茄品种为试材,研究了不同相对含水量对有机基质栽培番茄生长、生理特性、产量、品质和水分利用率的影响.结果表明:随着有机基质相对含水量的升高,番茄株高、茎粗、节间长和单株叶面积极显著增加,叶片色素含量、水势、渗透势及根系活力和果实产量显著增加,而番茄果实品质和水分利用率显著降低.从果实产量、品质和水分利用率方面综合考虑,80%基质相对含水量处理的果实产量达26 kg.m-2以上,可作为番茄有机基质栽培水分管理的量化指标;如果仅考虑果实品质,则50%基质相对含水量可以作为水分管理指标.     

不同季节施用KClO3化学调控剂对龙眼促花与果实品质的影响*

在茂名市水果科学研究所实验基地试验研究了不同季节施用以KClO₃为主要成份的龙眼促花调控剂对龙眼促花和果实质量影响的效应。结果表明:按龙眼树冠直径每米施药量180g处理,不同季节施药的促花效果存在显著差别,干旱少雨季节促花效果较佳,湿润多雨季节促花效果较差,促花效果与气候条件、龙眼树体长势及枝梢老熟程度有密切关系;不同季节成熟收获的龙眼果实质量存在一定差异,反季节与正造栽培收获的龙眼相比,可食率提高,果核变小,但糖份含量等品质指标则较差,其中以春末夏初收获的果实个大肉厚,外观较佳,市场销售价较高,因此夏末至秋初干燥季节施药处理、春末夏初收获龙眼的调控方案较适合茂名等冬暖的地区。     

西番莲采后品质劣变及贮藏保鲜技术研究进展

西番莲(Passiflora caerulea)是一种营养丰富的热带亚热带特色水果,采后易发生果实品质劣变现象,是制约采后西番莲果实保鲜期的重要因素。本文就西番莲采后果实褶皱及失重、果皮色泽变化、营养物质含量减少和采后病害发生等品质劣变机理,及其低温、热处理、包装、1-MCP、多糖和化学保鲜剂等西番莲果实采后保鲜技术的国内外相关研究进行综述,以期为维持西番莲果实贮藏品质、延长果实保鲜期提供指导。     

外源5-氨基乙酰丙酸对设施番茄果实发育及糖酸品质的影响北大核心CSCD

番茄果实糖酸类物质的含量及比例直接影响其风味品质,前期研究表明,适宜浓度的外源5-氨基乙酰丙酸(ALA)能够促进果实的成熟并提高其芳香品质。该试验为探究外源ALA对番茄果实发育及其糖酸品质的影响,以番茄‘原味1号’(Solanum lycopersicum cv.Yuanwei No.1)品种为试材,于第4穗果授粉后10 d果实表面喷施0、100和200 mg·L^(-1)的ALA溶液,分析ALA对番茄果实形态、果皮色泽及果实不同部位组织中糖、酸类物质组分及含量的影响。结果表明:(1)外源ALA溶液能显著促进番茄果实横径、纵径的增加,提高果实单果重,还显著降低果实硬度,促进果实软化,提升果实口感,并提高了果实V_(C)和可溶性固形物含量。(2)果实不同部位组织(包括果肉、小柱和隔膜)糖类物质组分含量测定结果显示,外源ALA处理能够显著提高果实可溶性总糖含量(包括果糖、葡萄糖和蔗糖),并有利于糖类物质向果肉中积累。(3)在有机酸类物质中,除酒石酸含量增加外,外源ALA处理均能不同程度地降低果实各部位组织中酸类物质含量,从而显著提高番茄果实果肉部位糖酸比,提升果实糖酸品质。研究发现,在番茄果实发育过程中外源施用200 mg·L^(-1) ALA不仅能够促进果实发育及着色,提高单果重,提升果实的外观品质,还有利于果实糖酸品质的形成。     

Influence of Scion/Rootstock reciprocal effects on post-harvest and metabolomics regulation in stored peaches

Peach is an important stone fruit crop cultivated at commercial scale in Pakistan. While, appropriate selection of rootstock has significant impact on the quality of peach fruit. Therefore, in the current study the influence of three rootstocks viz. ‘GF-677′, ‘Peshawar Local’ and ‘Swat Local’ were evaluated on the quality of ‘Flordaking’ peaches following cold storage during two consecutive years. The fruit from these rootstocks were kept at 0 °C for five weeks were studied for various fruit physical (weight loss, colour, firmness) and biochemical (pH, soluble solids content (SSC), titratable acidity (TA), SSC:TA ratio, fruit juice pH, sugars (total, reducing and non-reducing sugars), ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and free radicals scavenging activities) were evaluated. During both years, fruit harvested form trees grafted on ‘GF-677′ exhibited reduced fruit weight loss, changes in Chroma (C*) and highest fruit firmness, Lightness (L*), ascorbic acid contents and radical scavenging activities as compared to fruit harvested from tree grafted on other rootstocks. In conclusion, the post-harvest quality of scion ‘Flordaking’ peach fruit was significantly influenced and best quality can be obtained when it is grafted on ‘GF-677′ rootstock.     

套袋对越冬番茄果实微环境及产量和品质的影响

以‘L402’番茄为试材,研究了不同材质果袋内微环境变化规律及其对果实膨大与品质的影响.结果表明：套袋可改变番茄果实发育的微环境,促进果实发育,使果实提早成熟,增加单果质量.硫酸纸袋内光照、湿度介于塑料袋与无纺布袋之间,除上午温度低于塑料袋外,下午及夜间的温度均较高,其收获时单果质量较对照增加了15.34%.但套袋果实的可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、维生素C含量和糖酸比值均低于对照,说明套袋影响了果实营养品质,降低了果实风味.由于套袋阻隔了果实与农药的直接接触,除无纺布袋内果实毒死蜱含量高于对照外,硫酸纸袋及塑料袋处理的番茄果实毒死蜱残留量及高效氯氰菊酯残留量均显著低于对照.     

QualiTree, a virtual fruit tree to study the management of fruit quality. I. Model development

This article presents QualiTree, a generic fruit tree model that can simulate the effects of various cultivation practices on the development and within-tree variability of fruit quality. These practices include fruit thinning, summer and winter pruning, irrigation and tree training. Combining both agronomic and physiology viewpoints, the model describes the tree as a set of objects??fruiting units organised into a tree architecture and viewed in detail, and other compartments viewed globally??that exchange carbon and are the targets of physiological functions that can be changed by cultivation practices. The complex effect of shoot removal on tree behaviour was subjected to a special modelling effort using the coordination theory. QualiTree combines existing models of fruit quality development and simple carbon allocation functions. Though parsimonious, it is able to express a high degree of variability of fruit quality criteria. Future developments of QualiTree relative to an extension of the range of fruit quality criteria and the effects of cultivation practices are also discussed.     

苦瓜主要品质性状的遗传变异、相关和通径分析

对23份苦瓜材料的10个品质性状进行了研究。结果表明,苦瓜维生素C、还原糖、有机酸、果瘤、果色、果刺和苦味遗传变异系数大,遗传力高;水分含量遗传变异系数很小;风味遗传变异系数较小,遗传力低。苦瓜4个内在营养品质之间相关性小,而4个外观品质性状之间关系密切。两个味觉品质与4个内在营养品质之间相关性小,但与4个外观品质之间关系密切。内在营养品质与外观品质之间有一定关系。通径分析提出通过降低果实的苦味和有机酸含量来提高风味品质;通过水分含量和果瘤两性状的直接选择来实现对维生素C的间接选择。     

Spatial and temporal variations in mango colour,acidity, and sweetness in relation to temperature and ethylene gradients within the fruit

Managing fruit quality is complex because many different attributes have to be taken into account, which are themselves subjected to spatial and temporal variations. Heterogeneous fruit quality has been assumed to be partly related to temperature and maturity gradients within the fruit.     

Prediction of Apple Fruit Quality by Soil Nutrient Content and Artificial Neural Network

The effect of soil nutrient content on fruit yield and fruit quality is very important. To explore the effect of soil nutrients on apple quality we investigated 200 fruit samples from 40 orchards in Feng County, Jiangsu Province. Soil mineral elements and fruit quality were measured. The effect of soil nutrient content on fruit quality was analyzed by artificial neural network (ANN) model. The results showed that the prediction accuracy was highest (R²= 0.851, 0.847, 0.885, 0.678 and 0.746) in mass per fruit (MPF), hardness (HB), soluble solids concentrations (SSC), titratable acid concentration (TA) and solid-acid ratio (SSC/TA), respectively. The sensitivity analysis of the prediction model showed that soil available P, K, Ca and Mg contents had the greatest impact on the quality of apple fruit. Response surface method (RSM) was performed to determine the optimum range of the available P, K, Ca, and Mg contents in orchards In Feng County, which were 10∼20 mg⋅kg⁻¹, 170∼200 mg⋅kg⁻¹, 1000∼1500 mg⋅kg⁻¹, and 80∼200 mg⋅kg⁻¹, respectively. The research also concluded that improving the content of available P and available Ca in orchard soil was crucial to improve apple fruit quality in Feng County, Jiangsu Province.     

两大优势产区‘富士’苹果园土壤养分与果实品质关系的多变量分析

探讨环渤海湾和黄土高原两大苹果产区土壤养分对‘富士’苹果品质的影响,筛选不同产区影响果实品质特性的主要土壤养分因子,明确优质‘富士’苹果的土壤养分含量指标等,为两大苹果产区果园合理施肥、提高果实品质等提供理论依据.于2010—2011年分别在我国环渤海湾和黄土高原两大苹果产区各选择22个县,每个县3片果园,共计132个乔砧‘富士’苹果园,对每个果园的土壤养分含量和果实品质指标进行调查和分析,应用偏最小二乘回归方法筛选不同产区影响果实品质的主要土壤养分因子,并建立果实品质因素与土壤养分含量关系的回归方程,线性规划求解不同产区优质‘富士’苹果的土壤养分含量优化方案.结果表明: 环渤海湾产区的土壤碱解氮、有效磷、钙、铁和锌含量极显著高于黄土高原产区,而土壤pH,有效钾含量显著低于黄土高原产区;黄土高原产区的果实可溶性固形物含量显著高于环渤海湾产区,而固酸比显著低于环渤海湾产区.土壤有效硼含量对两产区果实单果质量影响的正效应最大,而土壤总氮与两产区果实硬度呈负效应;环渤海湾产区的果实可溶性固形物含量主要受土壤总氮和有效硼的负、正效应影响,黄土高原产区主要受土壤有效钙和碱解氮正、负效应的影响.环渤海湾产区优质乔砧‘富士’苹果的土壤养分含量需求为高的土壤有效硼和pH,适宜的土壤有效钾;黄土高原产区为低的土壤全氮,高的碱解氮、有效钾和有效铁,适宜的土壤有效锌和硼.环渤海湾产区优质乔砧‘富士’苹果的土壤养分管理技术措施为增加土壤有效硼含量和调高土壤pH、调整土壤有效钾含量;而黄土高原产区为提高土壤碱解氮、有效钾和有效铁含量,降低果园土壤pH,适当调整土壤有效锌和有效硼含量.     

龙眼果实品质评价理化指标体系的构建

为了解龙眼果实成熟品质的构成因素及其相互关系,构建科学的品质评价体系,本研究以30个龙眼品种为试材,观察、测定了43个品质相关的理化指标,综合运用多种统计方法,对果实不同类型品质进行评价,构建预测模型,提出综合品质类型可用的判别公式。结果表明,(1)筛选出构成龙眼果实表观性状、经济性状、内在品质和综合品质的公因子成分及其解释指标。(2)建立了4种类型品质的评价模型及其评价指标库,据此计算出的品质预测值与其因子分析综合评分均极显著相关,具有较好的预测效果。(3)依据综合品质评分将30个品种分成3类:低糖大果型、高糖中果型、高糖小果型,依据自然属性和应用价值2类评价指标,对分类结果分别进行了自身验证和交叉验证判别分析,结果表明都具有较高的判别准确率,价值评估方法基本能够满足自然分类和应用分类的共同需要。总之,龙眼果实综合品质评价指标包括果肉葡萄糖含量、可溶性固形物(TSS)含量、果肉流汁、肉厚率、果肉质地、可食率和单果重,达到7个指标全优可以作为龙眼新品种选育的一个重要目标。     

中华猕猴桃若干经济性状的统计相关研究

本文运用相关系数及聚类分析方法对湖北中华猕猴桃四十二个株系或品系的十五个经济性状之间的相关性进行了统计分析。结果表明:1)果实重量和大小与果实品质无显著相关;2)果肉颜色,果实风味及可溶性固形物含量之间显著相关;3)果实形状与果实被毛状况及果顶凸起程度显著相关,而与果重和果实品质无显著相关。文中讨论了这种统计学相关性在中华猕猴桃育种中的实践意义,可为目前中华猕猴桃育种工作提供参考。     

云南不同栽培区域油梨果实品质差异分析

以云南9个不同栽培区域‘哈斯’(Hass)油梨果实为试材,在同一条件下分别观测油梨果实主要内在与外观品质,分析云南不同栽培区域油梨果实主要品质差异,为探索云南油梨栽培适宜生态区域提供借鉴。结果表明：(1)油梨果实外观品质以单果重、种子重量、可食率变异系数较大,分别达到31.31%、38.09%和8.08%,并以LJ产区的油梨单果重和可食率最大;油梨果肉内在品质中以脂肪、可溶性蛋白、维生素C(Vc)含量变异系数较大,分别为37.57%、22.42%和17.89%,脂肪含量以BS产区最高,可溶性蛋白和Vc含量均以BN产区最高。(2)油梨果实Vc、总黄酮、脂肪含量以及单果果肉重、果实纵径等显著受到树龄和气候因子的综合影响。其中：树龄与脂肪、可溶性固形物、Vc、总黄酮含量呈正相关关系,与单果果肉重呈显著负相关关系;经度与脂肪、可溶性固形物、干物质、可溶性蛋白含量呈正相关关系;纬度与可溶性固形物、果肉密度、种子长度呈正相关关系,与Vc、总黄酮含量呈显著负相关关系;海拔与脂肪、可溶性固形物、Vc、总黄酮含量呈正相关关系;年平均气温与果肉密度、单果重、单果果肉重、果实纵径呈正相关关系;年平均降雨量与...     

柑橘采后品质变化及保鲜技术研究进展

柑橘Citrus spp.是中国南方重要的热带、亚热带果树,其果实具有较高营养价值。然而,柑橘果实采后容易发生腐烂、失水、营养损失和病害,导致果实品质劣变,商品价值降低。本文就柑橘果实采后外观色泽,果实水分,果肉糖、酸、维生素C含量变化,果实病害青霉病、褐斑病、枯水病、油斑病发生,以及低温贮藏、热处理、短波紫外线(UV-C)照射、化学保鲜剂、生物技术保鲜等保鲜技术的研究进展进行综述,为提高柑橘保鲜效果、保持柑橘果实采后品质、延长果实保鲜期提供科学依据与生产实践指导。     

Perfect syncarpy in apple (Malus x domestica 'Summerland McIntosh') and its implications for pollination, seed distribution and fruit production (Rosaceae: Maloideae)

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The gynoecium of the domestic apple, Malus x domestica, has been assumed to be imperfectly syncarpic, whereby pollination of each stigmatic surface can result in fertilization within only one of the five carpels. Despite its implied effect on fruit quantity and quality, the resulting influence of flower form on seed set and distribution within the apple fruit has seldom been investigated. Instead, poor fruit quality is usually attributed to problems with pollination, such as low bee numbers and/or ineffective pollinators within apple agro-ecosystems. The objective of this study was to determine the true nature of gynoecial structure and its influence on fruit production in the apple cultivar 'Summerland McIntosh'. METHODS: A stigma-excision method was used to determine the effects of uneven pollination among the five stigmas on fruit quantity (as measured by fruit set), and quality (seed number and distribution). In addition, flowers were examined microscopically to determine pollen tube pathways. KEY RESULTS: Fruit set, seed number, seed distribution, and the microscopic examination of flower gynoecial structure reported in this study indicated that the gynoecium of the cultivar Summerland McIntosh is perfectly syncarpic and not imperfectly syncarpic as previously thought. CONCLUSIONS: Pollination levels among the five stigmas need not be uniform to obtain full seed development within Summerland McIntosh fruit; even if one stigmatic surface is adequately pollinated, a full complement of seeds is likely. The importance of perfect syncarpy in recognizing true causes of poor fruit quality in apple is discussed.