迷蚜蝇亚科中国二新纪录种记述(双翅目,食蚜蝇科)

记述中国黑龙江省帽儿山地区食蚜蝇科Syrphidae迷蚜蝇亚科Milesiinae中国2新纪录种:萨哈林丝蚜蝇Sericomyi asachalinica Stackelberg和姬丝蚜蝇Sericomyia dux(Stackelberg)。标本存于东北林业大学昆虫标本室。     

太白山木蚜蝇亚科二新种

本文中国木蚜蝇亚科二新种;即太白山木蚜蝇Ｘｙｌｏｔａ ｔａｂａｉｓｈａｎｅｎｓｉｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．及江氏铜木蚜蝇Ｃｈａｌｃｏｓｙｒｐｈｕｓ （ｘｙｌｏｔｉｎａ）ｊｉａｎｇｉ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ,模式标本保存于上海农学院昆虫标本室。     

中国斑胸蚜蝇属研究及一新种记述

斑胸蚜蝇属Spilomyia Meigen,1803多为大型种类,形态及行为上近似社会性的胡蜂.Hippa将其置于迷蚜蝇族Milesiini.斑胸蚜蝇属主要分布于全北区,东洋区有少数分布,已记载约38种,中国记载8种.本文描述1新种,中国斑胸蚜蝇属种类增加到9种.模式标本保存于陕西理工学院标本馆.文中给出中国已知种类及其检索表.双齿斑胸蚜蝇,新种Spilomyia bidentica sp.nov.(图1～6)♀ 体长15 mm,翅长11mm.雄性 未知.正模♀,辽宁北票大黑山,2012-08-02,霍科科采.副模1♀,辽宁北票大黑山,2012-08-02,霍科科采.新种外形上近似Spilomyia panfilovi Zimina,1952.但新种后足腿节端前腹侧具2齿突,与本属的其他种类明显区别.词源:新种种名源自拉丁词bi-(2个)和dentica(齿)组成,指后足腿节端部具2个齿.     

中国长吻蚜蝇属一新种记述(双翅目:蚜蝇科:迷蚜蝇亚科)

记述采自中国海南省的长吻蚜蝇属Lycastris 1新种:黄盾长吻蚜蝇L. flaviscutatis, sp. nov..新种模式标本保存于陕西理工学院陕西省资源生物重点实验室.     

长角蚜蝇属一新种记述：双翅目：食蚜蝇科

长角蚜蝇属一新种记述（双翅目：食蚜蝇科）李清西,何继龙新疆八一农学院植物保护系,新疆乌鲁木齐市８３００５２上海农学院园林环境科学系,上海市２０１１０１关键词食蚜蝇科,帽儿山长角蚜蝇,新种作者等在整理中国长角蚜蝇属标本时,发现了采自黑龙江的该属１新种。...     

漠尺蛾属研究及一新种记述(鳞翅目,尺蛾科,灰尺蛾亚科)

记述了漠尺蛾属Desertobia Viidalepp,1989的所有种类,共3种,包括1新种D.heloxylonia Xue,sp.nov.,提供了所有种类的成虫形态图.D.heloxylonia在新疆为害沙漠植物梭梭,详细描述了新种的外部形态特征、雌雄外生殖器特征、及鉴别特征,并描述了从卵至蛹的外部形态,附有形态及生态学照片.     

黄连木尺蛾

<正>黄连木尺蛾Culcula panterinaria(Bremer et Grey),鳞翅目,尺蛾科,又叫木橑尺蠖,幼虫危害黄连木、刺槐、核桃等。幼虫6龄,幼虫期约40d,老熟幼虫体长65～75mm,体色变化大,多与寄主植     

中国尺蛾科新记录属——泽尺蛾属及其一新记录种记述（鳞翅目：尺蛾科：灰尺蛾亚科）

系统修订了中国绮夜蛾属的种类,将中国记录的11种订正为10种。其中,原记录的白缘绮夜蛾A.nivipicta经鉴定为大理石绮夜蛾A.marmoralis的误订名,迭绮夜蛾A.disrupta被鉴定为斑绮夜蛾A.sexpunctata的同物异名。检视标本均存放于中国科学院动物研究所标本馆。     

太白山木蚜蝇亚科二新种(双翅目:食蚜蝇科)

本文记述中国木蚜蝇亚科二新种：即太白山木蚜蝇Xylotataibaishanensissp．nov．及江氏铜木蚜蝇Chalcosyrphus（Xylotina）Jiangisp．nov,模式标本保存于上海农学院昆虫标本室。     

Helminth species diversity of mammals: parasite species richness is a host species attribute

Studies investigating parasite diversity have shown substantial geographical variation in parasite species richness. Most of these studies have, however, adopted a local scale approach, which may have masked more general patterns. Recent studies have shown that ectoparasite species richness in mammals seems highly repeatable among populations of the same mammal host species at a regional scale. In light of these new studies we have reinvestigated the case of parasitic helminths by using a large data set of parasites from mammal populations in 3 continents. We collected homogeneous data and demonstrated that helminth species richness is highly repeatable in mammals at a regional scale. Our results highlight the strong influence of host identity in parasite species richness and call for future research linking helminth species found in a given host to its ecology, immune defences and potential energetic trade-offs.     

Population dynamics of species with gynogenetic sibling species

Models are formulated for the population dynamics of a monoecious or dioecious species with an all-female parthenogenetic sibling species which is also gynogenetic. Continuous, deterministic reproduction and mortality, a stationary age distribution, random mating, and limited sexual competence for all individuals are posited. It is also supposed that in the dioecious case males do not distinguish between true and gynogenetic females. Similarly, hermaphrodites do not differentiate hermaphrodites and gynogens. The model implies that extinction is highly likely in the dioecious situation, but much less so in the monoecious one. Empirical evidence is reviewed and related to the assumptions and conclusions.     

Phylogenetic species recognition and species concepts in fungi

The operational species concept, i.e., the one used to recognize species, is contrasted to the theoretical species concept. A phylogenetic approach to recognize fungal species based on concordance of multiple gene genealogies is compared to those based on morphology and reproductive behavior. Examples where Phylogenetic Species Recognition has been applied to fungi are reviewed and concerns regarding Phylogenetic Species Recognition are discussed.     

Exotic species richness and native species endemism increase the impact of exotic species on islands

Aim Exotic species pose one of the most significant threats to biodiversity, especially on islands. The impacts of exotic species vary in severity among islands, yet little is known about what makes some islands more susceptible than others. Here we determine which characteristics of an island influence how severely exotic species affect its native biota. Location We studied 65 islands and archipelagos from around the world, ranging from latitude 65° N to 54° S. Methods We compiled a global database of 10 island characteristics for 65 islands and determined the relative importance of each characteristic in predicting the impact of exotic species using multivariate modelling and hierarchical partitioning. We defined the impact of exotic species as the number of bird, amphibian and mammal (BAM) species listed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) as threatened by exotics, relative to the total number of BAM species on that island. Results We found that the impact of exotic species is more severe on islands with more exotic species and a greater proportion of native species that are endemic. Unexpectedly, the level of anthropogenic disturbance did not influence an island's susceptibility to the impacts of exotic species. Main conclusions By coupling our results with studies on the introduction and establishment of exotic species, we conclude that colonization pressure, or invasion opportunities, influences all stages of the invasion process. However, species endemism, the other important factor determining the impact of exotic species, is not known to contribute to introduction and establishment success on islands. This demonstrates that different factors correlate with the initial stages of the invasion process and the subsequent impacts of those invaders, highlighting the importance of studying the impacts of exotic species directly. Our study helps identify islands that are at risk of impact by exotics and where investment should focus on preventing further invasions.     

Distinguishing species

Given two organisms, how can one distinguish whether they belong to the same species or not? This might be straightforward for two divergent organisms, but can be extremely difficult and laborious for closely related ones. A molecular marker giving a clear distinction would therefore be of immense benefit. The internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) has been widely used for low-level phylogenetic analyses. Case studies revealed that a compensatory base change (CBC) in the helix II or helix III ITS2 secondary structure between two organisms correlated with sexual incompatibility. We analyzed more than 1300 closely related species to test whether this correlation is generally applicable. In 93%, where a CBC was found between organisms classified within the same genus, they belong to different species. Thus, a CBC in an ITS2 sequence-structure alignment is a sufficient condition to distinguish even closely related species.     

Predicting species establishment using absent species and functional neighborhoods

Species establishment within a community depends on their interactions with the local environment and resident community. Such environmental and biotic filtering is frequently inferred from functional trait and phylogenetic patterns within communities; these patterns may also predict which additional species can establish. However, differentiating between environmental and biotic filtering can be challenging, which may complicate establishment predictions. Creating a habitat‐specific species pool by identifying which absent species within the region can establish in the focal habitat allows us to isolate biotic filtering by modeling dissimilarity between the observed and biotically excluded species able to pass environmental filters. Similarly, modeling the dissimilarity between the habitat‐specific species pool and the environmentally excluded species within the region can isolate local environmental filters. Combined, these models identify potentially successful phenotypes and why certain phenotypes were unsuccessful. Here, we present a framework that uses the functional dissimilarity among these groups in logistic models to predict establishment of additional species. This approach can use multivariate trait distances and phylogenetic information, but is most powerful when using individual traits and their interactions. It also requires an appropriate distance‐based dissimilarity measure, yet the two most commonly used indices, nearest neighbor (one species) and mean pairwise (all species) distances, may inaccurately predict establishment. By iteratively increasing the number of species used to measure dissimilarity, a functional neighborhood can be chosen that maximizes the detection of underlying trait patterns. We tested this framework using two seed addition experiments in calcareous grasslands. Although the functional neighborhood size that best fits the community's trait structure depended on the type of filtering considered, selecting these functional neighborhood sizes allowed our framework to predict up to 50% of the variation in actual establishment from seed. These results indicate that the proposed framework may be a powerful tool for studying and predicting species establishment.