抗CEA免疫毒素的表达、纯化、复性与生物学活性的研究

以抗癌胚抗原（Carcinoembryonic antigen, CEA）单链抗体与假单胞菌外毒素（Pseudomonas exotoxin A, PEA）的截短和修饰形式PE38/KDEL构建重组免疫毒素CEA/PE38/KDEL,并在大肠杆菌菌株BL21(DE3)-star中表达。采用镍离子螯合层析法纯化变性的包涵体样品,并用连续梯度透析的方法对纯化后的包涵体进行复性。采用流式细胞术鉴定复性产物与靶细胞的结合活性,结果表明免疫毒素CEA/PE38/KDEL具有与靶细胞特异性结合的活性。以MTT法检测免疫毒素对肿瘤细胞的体外杀伤活性,结果表明该免疫毒素对SW1116和CNE_2细胞具有特异性杀伤活性。证明了经包涵体复性的抗CEA免疫毒素CEA/PE38/KDEL对表达CEA抗原的肿瘤细胞具有良好的结合和杀伤活性。     

人Fas抗原及其变异体的结构与功能

Fas(Apo-1/CD95)属TNFR／NGFR家族,为“死亡受体”,因为其介导凋亡的作用倍受人们关注。目前对Fas抗原及其基因的结构与功能研究已较为清楚,Fas的变异体及Fas基因突变的形成和功能研究也取得一定的进展。     

泛素系统及其功能研究

泛素系统是目前已知的最重要的、有高度选择性的蛋白质降解途径,它由泛素、多种酶、26s蛋白酶体等组成。除了有降解蛋白的功能外,泛素系统还有多种功能。本文较系统地介绍了泛素系统的作用机制及功能。     

Mn-SOD与抗癌胚抗原单链抗体基因的融合及高效表达

将Mn-SOD与抗癌胚抗原(CEA)单链抗体基因(ScFv gene)融合,重组到含T7启动子的表达载体pET-22b(+)中,构建表达质粒pETMnSOD-ScFv,并转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),进行高效表达,表达物占菌体可溶性总蛋白的24%。SDSPAGE和蛋白质印迹图谱显示表达物分子量为45kD与融合基因编码蛋白质的理论值相符。该蛋白质在大肠杆菌中为分泌型表达有利于纯化。RIA测定表明表达产物能特异性的与抗原CEA结合,同时邻苯三酚法测定也表明表达产物具有SOD酶的活性,该融合蛋白为分泌CEA肿瘤的靶向性治疗提供新的途径。     

前列腺干细胞抗原(PSCA)的表达及其特异结合肽的筛选

通过反转录 PCR从人前列腺癌细胞中克隆了前列腺干细胞抗原 (PSCA)基因 ,在大肠杆菌中利用pQE30载体对截断型PSCA基因进行了可溶性表达。蛋白纯化后 ,利用噬菌体随机展示 12肽库筛选了PSCA蛋白的特异结合肽 ,通过与EGFP蛋白的耦联表达验证了结合肽的特异性。此特异结合肽的获得 ,为进一步研究针对PSCA的前列腺癌靶向免疫治疗奠定了基础     

泛素系统及其功能研究

泛素系统是目前已知的最重要的、有高度选择性的蛋白质降解途径,它由泛素、多种酶、26s蛋白酶体等组成。除了有降解蛋白的功能外,泛素系统还有多种功能。本文较系统地介绍了泛素系统的作用机制及功能 。     

A549肺癌细胞株中癌睾丸抗原的表达及生物学意义研究

目的:癌睾丸抗原(cancer-testis antigen,CTA)是一类主要表达于睾丸组织和癌组织,并具有较强诱导体液和细胞免疫应答能力的抗原,可以作为抗肿瘤的理想靶分子。本研究探讨了A549肺癌细胞系中CTA的表达情况及其生物学意义。方法:本研究中选取了A549肺癌细胞株,运用RT-PCR的方法检测了其中九种常见CTA的表达情况,进一步通过AV-PI双染法观察了表柔比星,紫杉醇,卡铂,伊立替康,依托泊苷五种化疗药物对A549细胞的凋亡作用及其调控CTA表达的情况。另外用转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)处理A549细胞,验证了TGF-β1促进细胞生长的作用,进一步检测此时CTA的表达调控。结果:结果显示MAGEA1,MAGEA3,MAGEC1,HCA661在A549细胞系中稳定表达,表柔比星能够强烈诱导细胞发生凋亡,其诱导作用岁浓度增高而增强。表柔比星下调了MAGEA1,MAGEA3,MAGEC1的表达,对HCA661的表达无影响。TGF-β1增强了肿瘤细胞增殖能力,与此同时下调HCA661的表达,对MAGEA1,MAGEA3,MAGEC1的表达无影响。结论:MAGEA1,MAGEA3,MAGEC1,HCA661在肺癌细胞系A549中稳定表达。TGF-β1作用48小时,使HCA661的表达下调,MAGEA1,MAGEA3,MAGEC1的表达无变化。表柔比星作用48小时,使MAGEA1,MAGEA3,MAGEC1的表达下调,HCA661表达无影响,卡铂,紫杉醇,伊立替康,依托泊苷对CTA的表达无调控,为进一步明确CTA的表达调控机制奠定了研究基础,同时为将HCA661作为临床中诊断与治疗的新靶点提供了可行性。     

一氧化氮的生物学作用简介

一氧化氮的生物学作用简介冯群先沈士弼（南京中医药大学生化教研室,南京２１００２９）（南京医科大学生化教研室）关键词一氧化氮（ＮＯ）,生物学作用一氧化氮（ＮＯ）是无色、透明的气体,一旦与空气接触即显棕褐色。汽车排出的废气及吸烟者的烟雾中均含有ＮＯ,它能...     

滋养层细胞表面主要组织相容性复合体抗原的研究进展

胎盘滋养层是直接与母体接触的与母体基因型不同的胎儿组织，滋养层细胞是否表达主要组织相容性复合体(MHC)抗原以及表达何种MHC抗原对于妊娠成功与否至关重要.非经典MHCⅠ类抗原发现较晚，其中HLA-G在滋养层细胞表达，可以保护带有父方同种异体抗原的胎儿免受母体免疫系统的杀伤.经典MHCⅠ类抗原有多种亚型，不同亚型在滋养层细胞的表达有所不同.MHCⅡ类抗原在妊娠维持过程中表达极弱，新近的研究资料表明，滋养层细胞CⅡTA在MHCⅡ类基因表达调控中起主要作用.     

A549肺癌细胞株中癌睾丸抗原的表达及生物学意义研究

目的：癌睾丸抗原（Gancer．testisantigen,CTA）是一类主要表达于睾丸组织和癌组织,并具有较强诱导体液和细胞免疫应答能力的抗原,可以作为抗肿瘤的理想靶分子。本研究探讨了A549肺癌细胞系中CTA的表达情况及其生物学意义。方法：本研究中选取了A549肺癌细胞株,运用RT-PCR的方法检测了其中九种常见CTA的表达情况,进一步通过AV—PI双染法观察了表柔比星,紫杉醇,卡铂,伊立替康,依托泊苷五种化疗药物对A549细胞的凋亡作用及其调控CTA表达的情况。另外用转化生长因子β1（TGF-β1）处理A549细胞,验证了TGF-β1促进细胞生长的作用,进一步检测此时CTA的表达调控。结果：结果显示MAGEAl。MAGEA3,MAGECl,HCA661在A549细胞系中稳定表达,表柔比星能够强烈诱导细胞发生凋亡,其诱导作用岁浓度增高而增强。表柔比星下调了MAGEAl,MAGEA3,MAGECl的表达,对HCA661的表达无影响。TGF-β1增强了肿瘤细胞增殖能力,与此同时下调HCA661的表达,对MAGEAI,MAGEA3,MAGECI的表达无影响。结论：MAGEAl,MAGEA3,MAGECl,HCA661在肺癌细胞系A549中稳定表达。TGF-β1作用48小时,使HCA661的表达下调,MAGEAl,MAGEA3,MAGECl的表达无变化。表柔比星作用48小时,使MAGEAl,MAGEA3,MAGECl的表达下调,HCA661表达无影响,卡铂,紫杉醇,伊立替康,依托泊苷对CTA的表达无调控,为进一步明确CTA的表达调控机制奠定了研究基础,同时为将HCA661作为临床中诊断与治疗的新靶点提供了可行性。     

抗癌胚抗原单链抗体基因与核心链霉亲和素基因融合在昆虫细胞中的表达

将抗癌胚抗原单链抗体基因与核心链霉亲和素基因融合插入昆虫杆状病毒供体质粒 pFastBacHTa中 ,在粉纹夜蛾Tn 5B1 4细胞中进行表达。SDS PAGE分析结果表明 ,表达产物分子量为 4 1kD左右 ,Western印迹分析结果表明 ,以HRP标记的生物素进行蛋白质印迹在 4 1kD处可见表达条带 ,表明融合蛋白能特异性的与生物素结合 ,放射免疫分析表明重组杆状病毒表达产生的ScFv CS蛋白能特异性结合癌胚抗原     

人癌胚抗原单链抗体基因的构建和筛选

从分泌抗癌胚抗原(carcinoembryoni antigen, CEA)单抗的杂交瘤细胞株C50中提取总RNA, 逆转录成cDNA, PCR扩增分别得到抗体轻、重链可变区基因, 再利用两对PCR引物合成和扩增得到全单链抗体基因. 将含轻、重链可变区序列的DNA片段克隆于含噬菌体基因Ⅲ的噬菌粒pCANTAB5. 重组克隆在噬菌体表面表达基因Ⅲ与单链抗体的融合蛋白. 表达具抗原结合活性的单链抗体的重组噬菌体可以通过亲和筛选的方法筛选得到并富集. 利用该方法我们可以从许多分泌不同抗体的杂交瘤细胞RNA中快速克隆和筛选功能性抗体可变区基因.     

非小细胞肺癌中肿瘤标志物CEA、SCC、NSE表达水平的临床分析

目的分析和探讨肿瘤标志物CEA、SCC、NSE在非小细胞肺癌临床预诊中的价值。方法对83例非小细胞肺癌患者和50例健康人进行肿瘤标志物CEA、SCC、NSE检测,从非小细胞肺癌不同分期、不同病理类型及综合阳性率等方面进行观察分析。结果非小细胞肺癌组CEA阳性率各期均在50%以上,NSE阳性率随肿瘤分期递增,平均为51.8%,二者的测定值Ⅲb、Ⅳ期均明显高于Ⅱ、Ⅲa期(P<0.01);SCC阳性率25%~33.3%,测定值各期差异不显著(P>0.05)。CEA以腺癌阳性率最高,测定值腺癌组明显高于其他组(P<0.01);SCC鳞癌组的阳性率和测定值均高于其他组(P<0.05);NSE鳞癌和大细胞未分化癌阳性率均在50%以上,测定值鳞癌、大细胞未分化癌和其他类型明显高于腺癌组(P<0.01)。不同病理类型综合阳性率的表达:有一项以上阳性者鳞癌为71.1%,腺癌为81.3%,大细胞未分化癌为80%,其他类型为100%。结论CEA、SCC、NSE三者联合检测综合阳性率明显提高。NSE敏感性高,特异性差,可作为肺癌早期诊断的辅助手段。     

A novel bioassay for the monitoring of carcinoembryonic antigen in human biofluid using polymeric interface and immunosensing method

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is a member of a family of cell surface glycoproteins. Recognition of CEA is needed to monitor the physiological status of the patient for treatment and also it is important to assess the severity of the disease. In this work, we reported a novel sandwich‐type electrochemical immunosensor based on gold nanoparticles functionalized cysteamine‐glutaraldehyde (AuNPs‐CysA‐GA) and it successfully designed to detection of the CEA biomarker in a human plasma sample. The AuNPs‐CysA‐GA provides a large surface area for the effective immobilization of CEA antibody, as well as it ascertains the bioactivity and stability of immobilized CEA antigens. Biotinylated‐anti‐CEA antibody (Ab1) was immobilized on the surface of glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified AuNPs‐CysA‐GA. Also, secondary antibody (HRP‐Ab2) was costed immobilized to complete the sandwich part of immunosensor. Field emission scanning electron microscope (FE‐SEM and EDS), was employed to monitor the sensor fabrication procedure. The immunosensor was used for the detection of CEA using differential pulse voltammetry (DPVs) technique. The proposed interface led to enhancement of accessible surface area for immobilizing high amount of anti‐CEA antibody, increasing electrical conductivity, boosting stability, and biocompatibility. Finally, the low limit of quantitation (LLOQ) of the proposed immunosensor was obtained as 7 ng/mL with the linear range of 0.001‐5 μg/L. The proposed immunoassay was successfully applied for the monitoring of the CEA in unprocessed human plasma samples. Obtained results paved that the proposed bioassay can be used as a novel bioassay for the clinical diagnosis of cancer based on CEA monitoring.     

Isolation of carcinoembryonic antigen N-terminal domains (N-A1) from soluble aggregates

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was identified as a prominent tumor-associated antigen in human colorectal cancer and it is still intensively investigated. However, its physiological role remains unclear. The CEA molecule is composed of seven highly hydrophobic, immunoglobulin-like domains, six of which contain a single disulphide bridge. The production of recombinant protein containing Ig-like domains in bacterial expression systems often results in partial degradation or insolubility due to aggregation hampering the analysis of their native structure and function. Here, we present a new method of expression and purification of CEA N-terminal domains (N-A1) fused to MBP in Escherichia coli. In order to optimize the expression and purification of CEA N-A1 domains we evaluated bacteria cultivation conditions, the length of N-A1 domains, fusion systems (GST- and MBP-tag), IPTG concentrations and protein purification conditions. We have found that MBP-N-A1 fusion protein digested with TEV protease forms soluble aggregates composed of N-A1 domains and incompletely digested MBP-N-A1 fusion protein. Using 1.25 M guanidinium chloride (GdmCl) as a component of the elution buffer we were able to achieve an almost complete dissociation of the aggregates. The dissociation was monitored by circular dichroism and fluorescence measurements. The CD spectra and Ellman's assay suggest that the conformation of N-A1 domains and their disulphide bonds are correct.     

Induction of tumor-specific T-cell responses by vaccination with tumor lysate-loaded dendritic cells in colorectal cancer patients with carcinoembryonic-antigen positive tumors

Background Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most effective antigen-presenting cells. In the last decade, the use of DCs for immunotherapy of cancer patients has been vastly increased. High endocytic capacity together with a unique capability of initiating primary T-cell responses have made DCs the most potent candidates for this purpose. Although DC vaccination occasionally leads to tumor regression, clinical efficacy, and immunogenicity of DCs in clinical trials has not been yet clarified. The present study evaluated the safety and effectiveness of tumor-lysate loaded DC vaccines in advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) patients with carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) positive tumors. Results Six patients HLA-A*0201-positive were vaccinated with autologous DCs loaded with tumor lysates (TL) together with tetanus toxoid antigen, hepatitis B, and influenza matrix peptides. Two additional patients were injected with DCs that were generated from their sibling or parent with one haplotype mismatch. All patients received the vaccines every 2 weeks, with a total of three intra-nodal injections per patient. The results indicated that DC vaccination was safe and well tolerated by the patients. Specific immune responses were detected and in some patients, transient stabilization or even reduction of CEA levels were observed. The injection of haplotype mismatched HLA-A*0201-positive DCs resulted in some enhancement of the anti-tumor response in vitro and led to stabilization/reduction of CEA levels in the serum, compared to the use of autologous DCs. Conclusion Altogether, these results suggest that TL-pulsed DCs may be an effective vaccine method in CRC patients. Elimination of regulatory mechanisms as well as adjustment of the vaccination protocol may improve the efficacy of DC vaccination. An erratum to this article can be found at     

PARP的生物学与病理学功能

PARP1是真核细胞内具有多聚腺苷酸二磷酸核糖基（PAR）催化活性的蛋白酶,目前发现18个具有该活性的蛋白．多聚腺苷酸二磷酸核糖基化反应是细胞内进行的翻译后修饰,该修饰作用于许多蛋白,涉及到染色体的稳定,DNA损伤修复,基因转录,细胞的增长,死亡和凋亡等方面．在生理病理方面与炎症,肿瘤,衰老等疾病相关联．本文针对以上方面进行了总结和讨论．     

前蛋白转化酶枯草溶菌素9的生物学功能

前蛋白转化酶枯草溶菌素9(proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9,PCSK9)基因属于前蛋白转化酶(PC)家族,是一个新发现不久的与胆固醇代谢相关基因.近年来,PCSK9在其生物学效应及疾病中的作用越来越受到重视.大量的研究表明,除通过调节低密度脂蛋白受体(LDLR)影响胆固醇代谢外,PCSK9还参与细胞凋亡,促进肝发育、再生,促进神经系统发育,影响神经系统分化并且与炎症过程以及糖尿病相关.本文对PCSK9功能方面最新研究进展进行了综述。