苦苣苔科植物远缘杂交亲和性初探

该研究对苦苣苔科的蛛毛苣苔属[Paraboea(C.B.Clarke)Ridley]、马铃苣苔属(Oreocharis Bentham)、报春苣苔属(Primulina Hance)、吊石苣苔属(Lysionotus D.Don)、台闽苣苔属(Titanotrichum Solereder)、半蒴苣苔属(Hemiboea C.B.Clarke)、长蒴苣苔属(Didymocarpus Wallich)、光叶苣苔属(Glabrella Mich.MollerW.H.Chen)进行属间远缘杂交,对马铃苣苔属的马铃苣苔组、川滇马铃苣苔组、大叶石上莲组进行组间远缘杂交,统计不同杂交组合的结实情况及播种后的种子萌发情况,以明确不同属(组)间远缘杂交亲和性,为通过远缘杂交进行苦苣苔科种质资源的创新奠定基础。结果表明:(1)不同属作为父本,与同一母本进行杂交,以及同一属内不同种作为父本,与同一母本进行杂交,结实情况差异显著。(2)不同属作为母本,与同一父本进行杂交,以及同一属内不同种作为母本,与同一父本进行杂交,结实情况同样存在显著差异。(3)相同两个种正反交杂交成功率也并不一致。(4)马铃苣苔属与半蒴苣苔属,报春苣苔属与吊石苣苔属,吊石苣苔属与报春苣苔属和半蒴苣苔属,光叶苣苔属与报春苣苔属和吊石苣苔属之间部分种进行远缘杂交能够正常结实,且杂交种子能够正常萌发。(5)马铃苣苔属内组间杂交无明显生殖隔离的现象。     

Filibryum (Hypnaceae), a new moss genus with a new species from East Asia

Filibryum, a new genus of the family Hypnaceae, is described to include three species from East Asia. Filibryum ogatae and F. yakoushimae are transferred to it from the genus Glossadelphus, while F. deguchianum is a newly described species. The genus is distinguished by the absence of a central strand in the stem, prorate leaf cells, and heteroblastic and deciduous stem leaves. Molecular data suggest that the genus is closely related to Taxiphyllum and the phylogenetic position of the new genus in the Hypnaceae is supported by an approximately unbiased (AU) test.     

A record of the Plain Tiger,Danaus chrysippus,in Turkey

Summary

In this publication, a subdivision of the genus Annenica O. Boettger, 1877 sensu Auct. is proposed. One result of our study is the recognition of the genus Sprattia O. Boettger, 1883 for most of the South Anatolian species of the former genus Armenica. The genus Astrogena Szekeres, 1970, which was synonymised by H. NORDSIECK (1975: 98) with Armenica is redefined and used as a subgenus of Armenica for some species. Extensive recent collections contain new species and subspecies of this genus, which are described here.     

On the Paleozoic bryozoans of the genus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Ascopora</Emphasis> Trautschold

Based on the study of the neotype and the astogeny of the type specimens of the species Ascopora nodosa (Fischer von Waldheim, 1837), the diagnosis and species composition of the genus Ascopora Trautschold, 1876 are emended. The genus Ascopora and three species out of the five included in this genus—A. nodosa (Fischer von Waldheim, 1837); A. sokolovae Schulga-Nesterenko, 1955; and A. latiaxis Schulga-Nesterenko, 1955—are described. A new genus, Tetrasella gen. nov., with the type species T. blanda sp. nov. is described. This genus comprises five species, transferred from the composition of the genus Ascopora. An emended diagnosis of the genus Ascoporella Krutchinina, 1986, is provided. This genus comprises nine species, of which two, A. lecta sp. nov. and A. mera sp. nov., are described as new species.     

Actinodontum,a new genus of Desmidiaceae (Streptophyta,Viridiplantae) from tropical Africa

A new desmid genus, Actinodontum Alfinito et Coesel, is described from mountain areas of tropical Africa. The newly described genus differs from the allied genus Actinotaenium by the presence of marked teeth at the base of each semicell that alternate with those on the other semicell. Morphology of the type species, Actinodontum lomaense (Alfinito et Mazzoni) Alfinito et Coesel, is dealt with in much detail. Cosmarium basituberculoides Bourrelly et Couté and Cosmarium elgonense Kusel-Fetzmann are transferred to the new genus. The geographical distribution of the genus Actinodontum is discussed.     

Oriental bamboo leafhoppers: A new genus and two new species of Mukariinae (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from Southwest China and notes on related group

A new genus, Tiaobeinia n. gen., and two new species, T. bisubula n. sp. and T. emeiensis n. sp., breeding on bamboo in Southwest China, are described and illustrated. Based on the nature of the face, the apical veins of forewing and hindwing, the hind femur macrosetal formula, the valve, the subgenital plate, and the style, this genus should belong to the subfamily Mukariinae. The related genus Ratfronta Chen & Li 1997, placed previously in subfamily Nirvaninae, is noted in the present paper. A new combination, F. grandis (Ishihara 1961) n. comb., transferred from the genus Mohunia Distant, is proposed. Keys to the species of the new genus Tiaobeinia and the genus Flatfronta are provided. The importance of those groups as pests on bamboo is briefly discussed.     

A new species of Clausia (Copepoda, Poecilostomatoida, Clausiidae) associated with the polychaete Arenicola brasilliensis Nonata in Korea

A new species of the genus Clausia associated with the polychaete Arenicola brasilliensis Nonata is described from intertidal sands in Korea. The new species, as a primitive member of the genus, has a large, non-transformed body and fully segmented rami on legs 1–4. This is the second record of Clausiidae in the Far Eastern seas. The genus Doviella Rocha, originally placed in the Clausidiidae, is synonymized with the genus Clausia in the Clausiidae.     

拟孢囊菌属放线菌的研究进展

拟孢囊菌属(Kibdelosporangium)是一个经典的丝状放线菌类群。自Shearer等于1986年建立该属以来,不断有新的菌株从不同生境中被纯培养分离得到,目前已有效发表8个种、2个亚种。拟孢囊菌属作为稀有放线菌属,是获得新型抗生素类次生代谢产物的重要资源。本文结合我们分离到的一株该属菌株的功能研究、基因组分析和相关文献资料,系统综述了拟孢囊菌属放线菌的建立、分类学特征、属内种的分布、活性次级代谢产物的发现以及其他功能应用和开发前景,以期为该属其他新分离菌株的分类鉴定、新颖次级代谢产物的发现、功能基因资源的挖掘与开发提供借鉴。     

Pameridea (Hemiptera: Miridae): Predaceous bugs specific to the highly viscid plant genus Roridula

Abstract. The South African genus Pameridea and its two species are redescribed. The tribe Pamerideini, founded for this genus only, is removed from synonymy with Mirini (subfamily Mirinae) and transferred to Dicyphini (subfamily Bryocorinae), falling as a synonym of the subtribe Dicyphina. The bugs live only on intensely viscid small shrubs of the genus Roridula. This plant genus is the only member of its family but the bug genus is closely related to two widespread tropical dicyphine genera.     

Chemical Constituents of Plants from the Genus Ixora

Ixora is a genus of ca. 400 species in the family Rubiaceae. Since the 1940s, eighty‐one compounds including phenolics, peptides, terpenoids, and sterols have been isolated from six species of the genus Ixora. Pharmacological studies have shown that these compounds and extracts from the Ixora genus have extensive activities, such as antitumor, chemoprotective, and antioxidant activities. In this review, we summarize the phytochemical progress and list the compounds isolated from the genus Ixora. The biological activities of this genus are also covered.     

Evaluation of Lespedeza germplasm genetic diversity and its phylogenetic relationship with the genus Kummerowia

The genetic diversity of the genus Lespedeza is not well known and the phylogenetic relationship of Lespedeza with the genus Kummerowia is unclear. We report the first study in which polymorphic expressed sequence tag-simple sequence repeat (EST-SSR) markers derived from Medicago, cowpea and soybean were used to assess the genetic diversity of the USDA Lespedeza germplasm collection and clarify its phylogenetic relationship with the genus Kummerowia. Phylogenetic analysis partitioned 44 Lespedeza accessions into three main groups some of which were species-specific and eight subgroups. This data set revealed some misidentified accessions, and indicated that the two species in the genus Kummerowia are closely related to the genus Lespedeza. Morphological reexamination was used to correct the misidentified accessions within the genus Lespedeza. Our results demonstrated that phylogenetic analysis with morphological reexamination provides a more complete approach to classify accessions in plant germplasm collection and conservation.     

Alavesia Waters and Arillo–a Cretaceous‐era genus discovered extant on the Brandberg Massif,Namibia (Diptera: Atelestidae)

Two new extant species of the fossil genus Alavesia Waters & Arillo (A. brandbergensis sp.n. and A. daura sp.n. ) are described from the Brandberg Massif, Namibia. The genus is reassigned to the family Atelestidae (subfamily Atelestinae) on the basis of male terminalia (elongate gonocoxal apodemes, ventral apodemes, subapical surstylus), female terminalia (absence of tergum 10) and a three‐articled stylus. This is the first record of Atelestidae from the Afrotropical Region. A genus‐level phylogeny of the Atelestidae is resolved, in which Alavesia is the sister genus to the remaining genera of the Atelestinae. The biogeographic history of the genus is briefly discussed, as is the significance of this and other relict Diptera on the Brandberg.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Ammostigmus</Emphasis>, a new genus of digger wasps of the subtribe Ammoplanina (Hymenoptera,Crabronidae) from southwestern India

A new pemphredonine genus, Ammostigmus (Hymenoptera, Crabronidae), is described from southwestern India. The new genus differs from the other genera of the subtribe Ammoplanina in the quadridentate apical margin of the clypeus, non-bilobed labrum, the presence of postspiracular carina and omaulus, and the absence of episternal sulcus. Phylogenetically the new genus is most closely related to the genus Protostigmus Turner, 1918.     

New data on the genus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Neostylopyga</Emphasis> Shelford, 1911 (Dictyoptera,Blattidae) with description of a new species from Laos

A new species of the genus Neostylopyga Shelford, 1911, N. laosana sp. n., is described from Laos, and the male genitalia are examined in detail. The type species of the genus Neostylopyga, N. rhombifolia (Stoll, 1813), is redescribed, and the taxonomic position of the genus is discussed.     

Molecular phylogeny of Alnus (Betulaceae), inferred from nuclear ribosomal DNA ITS sequences

The nuclear ITS region of 19 species of Alnus was amplified and sequenced. The inferred molecular phylogeny shows that all species of the genus Alnus form a monophyletic group close to Betula and that the fundamental dichotomy within the genus lies between the subgenera Alnaster and Gymnothyrsus, sensu Murai (1964). The subgenus Alnaster appears to be basal in the genus, based on archaism of morphological features, and branching close to the root of the trees due to low ITS divergence from genus Betula. The monophyly of the section Clethropsis is not supported by the present data: Alnus nepalensis is positioned in the subgenus Gymnothyrsus, away from A. nitida and A. maritima. Surprisingly, A. formosana sect. Japonicae is closely tied to A. maritima sect. Clethropsis, with which it shares few morphological traits, and is separate from A. japonica sect. Japonicae with which it shares many traits. An increase in substitution rate is noted in the group comprising A. formosana, A. maritima and A. nitida relative to the rest of the genus, which appears to have had, on the average, a very slow mutation rate. Alnus glutinosa, the designated type for the genus, appears to be representative of the genus both for morphological characters and evolutionary rate. North-East Asia is comforted in its position of origin of the genus since not only does it have the highest number of species and representatives in all deep branching lineages, there are also fewer transcontinental migrations when a North-East Asian ancestor is postulated than when a North American ancestor is postulated.     

Molecular phylogenetic relationships of China Seas groupers based on cytochrome <Emphasis Type="Italic">b</Emphasis> gene fragment sequences

The classification and evolutionary relationships are important issues in the study of the groupers. Cytochrome b gene fragment of twenty-eight grouper species within six genera of subfamily Epinephelinae was amplified using PCR techniques and the sequences were analyzed to derive the phylogenetic relationships of the groupers from the China Seas. Genetic information indexes, including Kimura-2 parameter genetic distance and T _S/T _V ratios, were generated by using a variety of biology softwares. With Niphon spinosus, Pagrus major and Pagrus auriga as the designated outgroups, phylogenetic trees, which invoke additional homologous sequences of other Epinephelus fishes from GenBank, were constructed based on the neighbor-joining (NJ), maximum-parsimony (MP), maximum-likelihood (ML) and minimum-evolution (ME) methods. Several conclusions were drawn from the DNA sequences analysis: (1) genus Plectropomus, which was early diverged, is the most primitive group in the subfamily Epinephelinae; (2) genus Variola is more closely related to genus Cephalopolis than the other four genera; (3) genus Cephalopolis is a monophyletic group and more primitive than genus Epinephelus; (4) Promicrops lanceolatus and Cromileptes altivelis should be included in genus Epinephelus; (5) there exist two sister groups in genus Epinephelus.