利用PCR方法从人染色体DNA中扩增G-CSF基因

利用PCR技术从染色体基因组DNA中扩增大DNA片段具有相当大的难度。本试验采用碱变性模板以及热启动等方法,成功地扩增出1.5kb的人基因组DNA,并讨论了影响扩增大DNA片段特异性和产量的因素。     

一种适于PCR反应的快速提取食用菌基因组DNA的方法

目的:建立一种以食用菌菌丝体和子实体为原材料的快速提取其基因组DNA的方法,从而提高基因组DNA的提取效率,为食用菌分子生物学提供便利.方法:分别以平菇黑平王的菌丝体和子实体为材料,快速提取其基因组DNA,并以此为模板进行ITS序列扩增.结果:采用方法提取的基因组DNA结构完整,无明显拖尾现象,浓度大约为10ng/μl,以此为模板能够获得预期的ITS条带.结论:该方法具有简便、快速、经济、无污染等优点,提取的基因组DNA适用于PCR反应等分子生物学研究,提高了提取效率,可作为高通量的提取方法.     

丝状真菌PCR模板DNA的快速制备方法

以尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)为材料,旨为建立沸水浴获得PCR模板DNA的新方法。】取少量真菌菌丝置于一定体积50 mmol/L Na OH溶液中沸水浴10 min,再加入1/10体积1 mol/L Tris-HCl(p H8.0)缓冲液,12 000 r/min离心后,上清用作PCR的DNA模板。结果显示,该方法扩增效率高,扩增条带清晰,且Taq酶适应性强,适合快速制备丝状真菌的模板DNA。该方法经济、简单、快速、安全高效,可用于丝状真菌转化子的高通量筛选和菌株的快速鉴定。     

一种简单、有效的适于PCR操作的放线菌DNA提取方法

目的:利用改良酶法发展了一种从微量(几百微升)发酵液中快速安全的提取放线菌基因组DNA的方法。方法:利用溶菌酶破壁,蛋白酶K和SDS除蛋白,成功提取较高质量的放线菌基因组DNA,所得的DNA可作为PCR反应的模板进行16SrRNA等基因有效扩增。结果:能从海绵和土壤分离的放线菌中成功提取基因组DNA。结论:该方法操作简单、费用低廉、不使用酚、氯仿等有毒害作用有机试剂,非常适于长期从事放线菌操作的研究人员。为大量放线菌菌株的快速鉴别、高通量筛选和系统分类研究创造了条件。     

一种简便快速的制备水稻基因组DNA PCR模板的方法

目的：发展一种简便快速的制备水稻基因组DNA PCR模板的方法。方法：用枪头捣碎水稻叶片代替液氮研磨法提取水稻基因组DNA作PCR模板,在去污剂SDS和表面活性剂TrionX-100的存在下在沸水中煮沸10min,然后取上清扩增微管蛋白（TubA1）基因内含子。结果：发现在利用煮沸法提取水稻基因组DNA的过程中,用枪头捣碎叶片可代替液氮碾磨,加入0.1%表面活性剂TrionX-100煮沸叶片对制备模板有促进效果,得到了预期的PCR片断。结论：该方法快速、简便、经济,具有良好的重复性与特异性,便于自动化。     

一种快速、经济提取外周凝血基因组DNA 方法的建立

目的:建立一种经济、快速且高质量提取人体外周凝血DNA的方法。方法:摸索最佳的匀浆条件,对外周凝血块进行匀浆,采用KI法对匀浆液进行基因组DNA的提取,通过凝胶电泳、单重PCR和多重PCR检测凝血基因组DNA的提取产量和质量,并分别与常规的凝血基因组DNA提取方法,即蛋白酶K消化法,以及提取抗凝血基因组DNA的KI法进行比较分析。结果:最佳的匀浆条件为:39000 rmp,15秒。在此条件下提取的基因组DNA完整性好,纯度和产量与蛋白酶K消化法提取凝血DNA和KI法提取抗凝血DNA的结果相比,没有统计学差异。单重PCR和多重PCR也获得了理想的扩增结果。结论:与常规的外周凝血提取方法相比(蛋白酶K消化法),本方法节省了时间和成本,能快速、经济、有效地提取外周凝血基因组DNA,可用于后续的科研和临床诊断需要,解决了部分科研机构血液基因组DNA的样本来源问题。     

一种快速、经济提取外周凝血基因组DNA方法的建立

目的：建立一种经济、快速且高质量提取人体外周凝血DNA的方法。方法：摸索最佳的匀浆条件,对外周凝血块进行匀浆,采用Ⅺ法对匀浆液进行基因组DNA的提取,通过凝胶电泳、单重PCR和多重PCR检测凝血基因组DNA的提取产量和质量。并分别与常规的凝血基因组DNA提取方法,即蛋白酶K消化法,以及提取抗凝血基因组DNA的Ⅺ法进行比较分析。结果：最佳的匀浆条件为：39000map,15秒。在此条件下提取的基因组DNA完整性好,纯度和产量与蛋白酶K消化法提取凝血DNA和KI法提取抗凝血DNA的结果相比,没有统计学差异。单重PCR和多重PCR也获得了理想的扩增结果。结论：与常规的外周凝血提取方法相比（蛋白酶K消化法）,本方法节省了时间和成本,能快速、经济、有效地提取外周凝血基因组DNA,可用于后续的科研和临床诊断需要,解决了部分科研机构血液基因组DNA的样本来源问题。     

一种用于PCR扩增的丝状真菌DNA快速提取方法

丝状真菌在工业、农业、医药以及基础生物学研究中具有重要作用。利用遗传转化技术对丝状真菌进行菌株改良和基因功能分析, 也越来越受到重视。然而, 丝状真菌DNA提取方法繁琐、费时, 难以满足利用PCR技术高通量筛选转化子的需要。本文以曲霉菌为例建立了一种快速提取丝状真菌DNA的实验方法, 微波处理置于10 × TE buffer中的菌丝即可得到DNA。RAPD试验和PCR扩增证明, 该方法提取的DNA能够达到PCR扩增的要求。研究结果为高通量快速筛选丝状真菌转化子奠定了基础。     

一种提取蜘蛛基因组DNA的有效方法

介绍了用尿素法提取蜘蛛基因组DNA。通过与其他DNA提取方法相比较,证明尿素法具有可在室温条件下进行、DNA得率高、完整性好、简单快速等优点。以提取的DNA为模板进行PCR扩增,获得预期大小的、高重复、高GC含量的编码蜘蛛牵引丝蛋白基因的DNA片段。     

一种高效快速的鱼类标本基因组DNA提取方法

以95%酒精保存的黄鳝(M onopterus albus)和斑鳢(Channa maculates)标本为材料,采用先沉降DNA再去除杂质的方法从鱼类标本中提取基因组DNA。基因组DNA的琼脂糖凝胶电泳和紫外分光光度法检测以及PCR扩增结果显示,本方法提取的鱼类基因组DNA的电泳主带清晰明亮;A260/A280值在1.7830-2.0144之间;PCR扩增产物条带清晰明亮,且单一整齐没有拖带,表明本方法可从酒精保存的鱼类标本中提取比较纯净的DNA,能够满足一般分子生物学试验需要。与传统苯酚/氯仿法相比,本方法操作简单快速,避免了苯酚等物质对后续实验的影响,可作为一种常规动物组织DNA提取方法。     

Isolation and PCR Amplification of Genomic DNA from Market Samples of Dry Tea

A simple procedure for DNA isolation from processed dried commercial samples of tea is described. The method involves a modified CTAB procedure employing extensive washing, use of 1% PVP to remove polyphenolics and a single phenol:chloroform extraction step. The average yield ranges from 164–494 g/g tea sample for various market samples. The DNA obtained from 11 different brands of tea using this procedure were consistently amplifiable (using both RAPD primers as well as defined sequences as primers) and digestible with restriction endonucleases.     

Use of Repetitive DNA Sequences and the PCR To Differentiate Escherichia coli Isolates from Human and Animal Sources

The rep-PCR DNA fingerprint technique, which uses repetitive intergenic DNA sequences, was investigated as a way to differentiate between human and animal sources of fecal pollution. BOX and REP primers were used to generate DNA fingerprints from Escherichia coli strains isolated from human and animal sources (geese, ducks, cows, pigs, chickens, and sheep). Our initial studies revealed that the DNA fingerprints obtained with the BOX primer were more effective for grouping E. coli strains than the DNA fingerprints obtained with REP primers. The BOX primer DNA fingerprints of 154 E. coli isolates were analyzed by using the Jaccard band-matching algorithm. Jackknife analysis of the resulting similarity coefficients revealed that 100% of the chicken and cow isolates and between 78 and 90% of the human, goose, duck, pig, and sheep isolates were assigned to the correct source groups. A dendrogram constructed by using Jaccard similarity coefficients almost completely separated the human isolates from the nonhuman isolates. Multivariate analysis of variance, a form of discriminant analysis, successfully differentiated the isolates and placed them in the appropriate source groups. Taken together, our results indicate that rep-PCR performed with the BOX A1R primer may be a useful and effective tool for rapidly determining sources of fecal pollution.     

一种高效的植物DNA提取和PCR扩增体系建立

报道一种高效简易的植物DNA提取和PCR扩增体系。该体系仅需一步即可提取DNA,扩增时延长PCR预变性时间便能获得较好的目的基因扩增结果。本体系具有较高的实验稳定性和较好的物种适用性,将大大提高植物分子生物学实验和基于分子标记辅助的植物育种实验效率,节省科研成本。     

Rapid and Economic DNA Extraction from a Single Salmon Egg for Real-Time PCR Amplification

Salmon eggs are common in Japanese sushi and other seafood products; however, certain fish eggs are used as counterfeit salmon eggs which are found in foods and processed products. This study develops a simple, rapid, and cost-effective method for DNA extraction, filtration (FT) and dilution (DL) protocols from a single salmon egg with good DNA quality for real-time PCR amplification. The DNA amount, DNA quality, and real-time PCR performance for different dilutions and different lengths of PCR amplicons were evaluated and compared with the common Qiagen tissue kit (QTK) and Chelex-100-based (CX) protocols. The extracted DNA from a single salmon egg using the FT or DL protocol can be applied in phylogenic research, food authentication and post-marketing monitoring of genetically modified (GM) food products.     

Locked Nucleic Acid Pentamers as Universal PCR Primers for Genomic DNA Amplification

Background

Multiplexing technologies, which allow for simultaneous detection of multiple nucleic acid sequences in a single reaction, can save a lot of time, cost and labor compared to traditional single reaction detection methods. However, the multiplexing method currently used requires precise handiwork and many complicated steps, making a new, simpler technique desirable. Oligonucleotides containing locked nucleic acid residues are an attractive tool because they have strong affinities for their complementary targets, they have been used to avoid dimer formation and mismatch hybridization and to enhance efficient priming. In this study, we aimed to investigate the use of locked nucleic acid pentamers for genomic DNA amplification and multiplex genotyping.

Results

We designed locked nucleic acid pentamers as universal PCR primers for genomic DNA amplification. The locked nucleic acid pentamers were able to prime amplification of the selected sequences within the investigated genomes, and the resulting products were similar in length to those obtained by restriction digest. In Real Time PCR of genomic DNA from three bacterial species, locked nucleic acid pentamers showed high priming efficiencies. Data from bias tests demonstrated that locked nucleic acid pentamers have equal affinities for each of the six genes tested from the Klebsiella pneumoniae genome. Combined with suspension array genotyping, locked nucleic acid pentamer-based PCR amplification was able to identify a total of 15 strains, including 3 species of bacteria, by gene- and species-specific probes. Among the 32 species used in the assay, 28 species and 50 different genes were clearly identified using this method.

Conclusion

As a novel genomic DNA amplification, the use of locked nucleic acid pentamers as universal primer pairs in conjunction with suspension array genotyping, allows for the identification of multiple distinct genes or species with a single amplification procedure. This demonstrates that locked nucleic acid pentamer-based PCR can be utilized extensively in pathogen identification.     

Enhancement of PCR Amplification of Moderate GC-Containing and Highly GC-Rich DNA Sequences

PCR is a commonly used and highly efficient technique in biomolecular laboratories for specific amplification of DNA. However, successful DNA amplification can be very time consuming and troublesome because many factors influence PCR efficiency. Especially GC-rich DNA complicates amplification because of generation of secondary structures that hinder denaturation and primer annealing. We investigated the impact of previously recommended additives such as dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), magnesium chloride (MgCl₂), bovine serum albumin (BSA), or formamide. Furthermore, we tested company-specific substances as Q-Solution, High GC Enhancer, and Hi-Spec; various actively promoted polymerases as well as different PCR conditions for their positive effects on DNA amplification of templates with moderate and extremely high CG-content. We found considerable differences of specificity and quantity of product between different terms. In this article, we introduce conditions for optimized PCR to help resolve problems amplifying moderate to high GC-rich templates.     

Oligoribonucleotide (ORN) Interference-PCR (ORNi-PCR): A Simple Method for Suppressing PCR Amplification of Specific DNA Sequences Using ORNs

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of multiple templates using common primers is used in a wide variety of molecular biological techniques. However, abundant templates sometimes obscure the amplification of minor species containing the same primer sequences. To overcome this challenge, we used oligoribonucleotides (ORNs) to inhibit amplification of undesired template sequences without affecting amplification of control sequences lacking complementarity to the ORNs. ORNs were effective at very low concentrations, with IC₅₀ values for ORN-mediated suppression on the order of 10 nM. DNA polymerases that retain 3′–5′ exonuclease activity, such as KOD and Pfu polymerases, but not those that retain 5′–3′ exonuclease activity, such as Taq polymerase, could be used for ORN-mediated suppression. ORN interference-PCR (ORNi-PCR) technology should be a useful tool for both molecular biology research and clinical diagnosis.     

牛微量白细胞样品的处理及其Y染色体特异DNA的扩增

本文建立了牛微量白细胞样品的处理及其Ｙ染色体特异ＤＮＡ的扩增的方法。采集成年公牛全血,用ＥＤＴＡ抗凝血。分离白细胞,用０．１４５ｍｏｌ／ＬＮａＣｌ洗净,用０．１４５ｍｏｌ／ＬＮａＣｌ稀释,计数。分别将０．５、５０、５００细胞在含１０ｍｍｏｌ／ＬＴｒｉｓ－ＨＣｌ、５０ｍｍｏｌ／ＬＫＣｌ、２ｍｍｏｌ／ＬＭｇＣｌ２、０．４５％ＮＰ－４０、０．４５％Ｔｗｅｅｎ－２０、０．１ｍｇ／ｍＬ蛋白酶Ｋ、总体积２０μ     

A Simple Method of Genomic DNA Extraction from Human Samples for PCR-RFLP Analysis

Isolation of DNA from blood and buccal swabs in adequate quantities is an integral part of forensic research and analysis. The present study was performed to determine the quality and the quantity of DNA extracted from four commonly available samples and to estimate the time duration of the ensuing PCR amplification. Here, we demonstrate that hair and urine samples can also become an alternate source for reliably obtaining a small quantity of PCR-ready DNA. We developed a rapid, cost-effective, and noninvasive method of sample collection and simple DNA extraction from buccal swabs, urine, and hair using the phenol-chloroform method. Buccal samples were subjected to DNA extraction, immediately or after refrigeration (4–6°C) for 3 days. The purity and the concentration of the extracted DNA were determined spectrophotometerically, and the adequacy of DNA extracts for the PCR-based assay was assessed by amplifying a 1030-bp region of the mitochondrial D-loop. Although DNA from all the samples was suitable for PCR, the blood and hair samples provided a good quality DNA for restriction analysis of the PCR product compared with the buccal swab and urine samples. In the present study, hair samples proved to be a good source of genomic DNA for PCR-based methods. Hence, DNA of hair samples can also be used for the genomic disorder analysis in addition to the forensic analysis as a result of the ease of sample collection in a noninvasive manner, lower sample volume requirements, and good storage capability.     

一种经济快速提取丝状真菌基因组DNA的方法

以螺旋木霉(Trichoderma SpiraleXX)、小克银汉霉(Cunninghamella phaeospora MK)和卵形孢球托霉(Gongronella butleri XT)3种丝状真菌为材料,采用改进的CTAB法提取基因组DNA.方法改进后无需液氮、聚乙烯砒咯烷酮(PVP)和NaAc等试剂,过程简洁,且所需菌体量少,提取的DNA纯度较好,适用于一次微量提取多个样品的基因组DNA.此方法得到的基因组DNA可用于PCR扩增.