接枝淀粉载体固定化糖化酶的研究

合成了淀粉接枝丙烯腈及烯酰胺的两亲性高分子化合物,并以此为载体,用物理吸附方法固定化了糖化酶,最适偶联条件研究表明：缓冲液的浓度,ＰＨ值及吸附时间和加酶量都对固定化酶活力,比活有一定的影响,有最适固定化条件下,固定化酶的活力为１５００Ｕ／ｇ干胶,蛋白载量为２５ｍｇ／ｇ干胶,比活为６０Ｕ／ｍｇ蛋白,比天然酶的比活提高６倍,最适反应温度比天然酶提高１０℃。无底物存在下,固定化酶在５５℃的半衰期为２４ｈ     

固定化酶和细胞中应用的新载体

自固定化技术兴起以来 ,其载体的研究就广受关注 ,也取得了不少成就 ,但在实际应用中还有许多问题需要解决 ,如使用寿命较短 ,操作半衰期不够长 ;载体价格较高 ,而且对底物和产物存在扩散阻力 ,所以许多学者仍一直在致力于新载体的研制和应用。固定化技术中所使用的载体可分为有机高分子载体、无机载体和复合载体[1] 。1　有机高分子载体材料1 1　天然高分子凝胶载体此类载体材料一般无毒性 ,传质性能好 ,但强度较低 ,在厌氧条件下易被微生物分解 ,寿命短。常见的有琼脂、海藻酸钠等 ,近来研究的比较热门的新载体是甲壳素和壳聚糖。1 1 1　…     

光交联聚氨酯作载体的固定化细胞产生a-淀粉酶的研究

将可光交联的聚氨酯预聚物与枯草杆菌细胞悬浮液混匀后经紫外光照射交联,制得固定化细胞,用于产生a-淀粉酶。探讨了交联和固定化条件对裁体结构和固定化细胞产酶性能的影响,研究了这种固定化细胞的使用特性。结果表明:光交联聚氨酯能有效地固定枯草杆菌细胞,进行正常增殖和产酶,改变交联和固定化条件能调节载体的孔容、孔径和比表面,从而调节固定化细胞的产酶性能和其它使用特性;枯草杆菌经光交联聚氮酯载体固定化后对温度和pH的适应性提高,在同样条件下,这种固定化细胞的产酶能力比游离细胞提高约30％,亦高于用k-角叉菜胶作载体的固定化细胞．     

接枝淀粉载体固定化糖化酶的研究

合成了淀粉接枝丙烯腈及丙烯酰胺的两亲性高分子化合物,并以此为载体,用物理吸附方法固定化了糖化酶。最适偶联条件研究表明：缓冲液的浓度,ｐＨ值及吸附时间和加酶量都对固定化酶活力,比活有一定的影响。在最适固定化条件下,固定化酶的活力为１５００Ｕ／ｇ干胶,蛋白载量为２５ｍｇ／ｇ干胶,比活为６０Ｕ／ｍｇ蛋白,比天然酶的比活（８．０Ｕ／ｍｇ蛋白）提高６倍。最适反应温度比天然酶提高１０℃（天然酶最适反应温度为５０℃）．无底物存在下,固定化酶在５５℃的半衰期为２４ｈ,而天然酶只有１ｈ;有底物存在下,固定化酶在５５℃的半衰期为２２０ｈ,４５℃的操作半衰期由外推法算得为６９天,而且该载体对糖化酶有一定的保护作用,当固定化酶在低于５５℃热处理一段时间后,对酶活力有激活作用,酶活力最大可提高４０％。该载体合成简单,固定化方法简单,步骤少,因而为工业上应用提供了一种新的可能性。     

不同载体固定化胰蛋白酶的条件研究

试验分别选用壳聚糖、复合硅胶、阴离子交换树脂为载体制备固定化胰蛋白酶,通过正交试验优化确定不同载体的酶固定条件。研究表明,三种载体固定胰蛋白酶时的酶活回收率依次为81.9%、80.1%、44.8%。     

固定化酶的微环境效应—载体离子基团性质的影响

作者合成了阴离子型和阳离子型葡聚糖,以此为载体,用CNBr活化其剩余羟基,固定化了葡萄糖淀粉酶和葡萄糖异构酶。就离子型载体对固定化酶的蛋白载量、最适pH和热稳定性等的影响做了考察。发现固定化酶的蛋白载量不仅与载体的电性质有关,也与酶分子自身的电性质有关。当载体电性质与酶蛋白电性质相反时,固定化酶的蛋白载量增加,热稳定性提高、载体电性质与酶蛋白电性质相同时,固定化酶的蛋白载量不变或下降,其热稳定性不变。作者还发现当离子型载体孔度和体系缓冲液浓度一定时,酶分子能否进入多孔性载体内部,对其最适pH是否变化影响极大。若酶分子仅被连接在载体的外表层,其最适pH不发生变化,反之亦然。作者还观察到当多糖类载体引入氨基或羧基后,大大增强了其抵抗微生物侵蚀的能力。     

磁性聚乙二醇载体固定化葡萄糖淀粉酶的研究

以磁性聚乙二醇为载体,通过吸附-交联法固定化糖化酶.研究了戊二醛浓度、pH值及加酶量对酶固定化的影响.并对固定化酶的最适温度、最适pH、米氏常数、热稳定性及操作稳定性等进行了探讨.     

聚苯乙烯树脂固定化D-海因酶的初步研究

D-海因酶广泛用于D-氨基酸的制备研究和生产中,目前已有许多固定化D-海因酶及含D-海因酶细胞的研究报道。尝试了不同功能基团的聚苯乙烯树脂进行D-海因酶的固定化,结果表明功能基为伯氨基和仲氨基效果较好,并选取聚苯乙烯树脂D92进行了固定化D-海因酶的研究。采用该树脂制备固定化酶的最优条件是：酶质量浓度6mg／mL、温度25℃、固化时间12h。所得固定化酶的最适作用温度45℃,最适作用pH为8.5,且作用温度及适宜pH较广,Km为游离酶的1,8倍,且储存稳定性、操作稳定性较好。45℃下半衰期为11d。     

血清蛋白与4,5-二溴荧光素相互作用及其分析应用的研究

在 0 .10mol/mL的醋酸溶液中 ,4,5 二溴荧光素能与血清蛋白形成稳定的复合物 ,最大吸收波长 482nm ,与试剂比较 ,红移了 12nm。据此建立了测定血清蛋白的方法 ,用于BSA和HSA的测定 ,分别在 2～ 14mg·L-1有线性关系 ,表观摩尔吸光系数分别为 3.12× 10 5L·mol-1·cm-1和 3.2 7× 10 5L·mol-1·cm-1。应用该法测定了人血清样品总蛋白含量 ,结果令人满意。     

Preparation,characterization and in-vitro evaluation of sustained release protein-loaded nanoparticles based on biodegradable polymers

Controlled drug delivery technology of proteins/peptides from biodegradable nanoparticles has emerged as one of the eminent areas to overcome formulation associated problems of the macromolecules. The purpose of the present investigation was to develop protein-loaded nanoparticles using biodegradable polymer poly l-lactide-co-glycolidic acid (PLGA) with bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a model protein. Despite many studies available with PLGA-based protein-loaded nanoparticles, production know-how, process parameters, protein loading, duration of protein release, narrowing polydispersity of particles have not been investigated enough to scale up manufacturing of protein-loaded nanoparticles in formulations. Different process parameters such as protein/polymer ratio, homogenizing speed during emulsifications, particle surface morphology and surface charges, particle size analysis and in-vitro protein release were investigated. The in-vitro protein release study suggests that release profile of BSA from nanoparticles could be modulated by changing protein-polymer ratios and/or by varying homogenizing speed during multiple-emulsion preparation technique. The formulation prepared with protein-polymer ratio of 1:60 at 17,500 rpm gave maximum protein-loading, minimum polydispersion with maximally sustained protein release pattern, among the prepared formulations. Decreased (10,000 rpm) or enhanced (24,000 rpm) homogenizing speeds resulted in increased polydispersion with larger particles having no better protein-loading and -release profiles in the present study.     

蛋白质与邻二氮菲相互作用的单扫描极谱法研究

在pH 4.7的HAc-NaAc缓冲溶液中,邻二氮菲与蛋白质相互作用,使邻二氮菲在-0.99 V (vs.SCE)处的还原峰电流下降,电流降低值与所加的蛋白质(人血清白蛋白、牛血清白蛋白、溶菌酶)的量在一定范围内呈线性关系,线性范围分别为2.0～22,2.0～20,4.0～26 mg/L;检测限分别为1.0,1.0,2.0 mg/L。应用该方法测定了人血清中白蛋白的含量,其结果令人满意。     

Doxorubicin hinders DNA condensation promoted by the protein bovine serum albumin (BSA)

In this work, we have studied the interaction between the anticancer drug doxorubicin (doxo) and condensed DNA, using optical tweezers. To perform this task, we use the protein bovine serum albumin (BSA) in the working buffer to mimic two key conditions present in the real intracellular environment: the condensed state of the DNA and the abundant presence of charged macromolecules in the surrounding medium. In particular, we have found that, when doxo is previously intercalated in disperse DNA, the drug hinders the DNA condensation process upon the addition of BSA in the buffer. On the other hand, when bare DNA is firstly condensed by BSA, doxo is capable to intercalate and to unfold the DNA condensates at relatively high concentrations. In addition, a specific interaction between BSA and doxo was verified, which significantly changes the chemical equilibrium of the DNA–doxo interaction. Finally, the presence of BSA in the buffer stabilizes the double‐helix structure of the DNA–doxo complexes, preventing partial DNA denaturation induced by the stretching forces.     

Sensitive determination of protein based on the fluorescence enhancement effect of terbium (III)–epinephrine–protein–sodium dodecylsulfate system

It was found that the fluorescence of Tb³⁺–epinephrine (E) complex can be enhanced by both bovine serum albumin (BSA) and sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS), and stabilized by ascorbic acid (AA). It is considered that the fluorescence enhancement of the Tb³⁺–E–BSA–AA–SDS system originates not only from the hydrophobic microenvironment provided by BSA–SDS, but also from the energy transfer from BSA to Tb³⁺ in this system. Therefore, a new fluorescence method for the determination of protein concentrations as low as 1.3 × 10^?9 g mL^?1 BSA is established using Tb³⁺–epinephrine complex as probe. The method has been applied for the determination of BSA and human serum albumin in actual samples, and the results obtained are satisfactory. Compared with other fluorescence methods, this method is simpler and more sensitive for the determination of protein. The mechanism of the fluorescence enhancement of the system is studied in detail. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Molecular interactions of thymol with bovine serum albumin: Spectroscopic and molecular docking studies

Thymol is the main monoterpene phenol present in the essential oils which is used in the food industry as flavoring and preservative agent. In this study, the interaction of thymol with the concentration range of 1 to 6 μM and bovine serum albumin (BSA) at fixed concentration of 1 μM was investigated by fluorescence, UV‐vis, and molecular docking methods under physiological‐like condition. Fluorescence experiments were performed at 5 different temperatures, and the results showed that the fluorescence quenching of BSA by thymol was because of a static quenching mechanism. The obtained binding parameters, K, were in the order of 10⁴ M^?1, and the binding number, n, was approximately equal to unity indicating that there is 1 binding site for thymol on BSA. Calculated thermodynamic parameters for enthalpy (ΔH), entropy (ΔS), and Gibb's free energy (ΔG) showed that the reaction was spontaneous and hydrophobic interactions were the main forces in the binding of thymol to BSA. The results of UV‐vis spectroscopy and Arrhenius' theory showed the complex formation in the interaction of thymol and BSA. Negligible conformational changes in BSA by thymol were observed in fluorescence experiments, and the same results were also obtained from UV‐vis studies. Results of molecular docking indicated that the subdomain IA of BSA was the binding site for thymol.     

牛血清白蛋白对超氧化物歧化酶的化学修饰

目的：通过化学修饰提高超氧化歧化酶（SOD）的稳定性,考察金属离子在不同浓度下对SOD活性的影响。方法：用戊二醛作为交联剂,用牛血清白蛋白（BSA）将牛红细胞超氧化物歧化酶进行化学修饰,得到SOD的修饰酶。对比研究三种SOD：修饰酶,混合酶及天然酶的理化性质。结果：修饰酶等电点降低,对温度、pH的稳定性较天然酶有很大提高,对胰蛋白酶和胃蛋白酶也表现出很强的耐水解性。二价离子Mg^2 、Mn^2 对天种SOD活力均有不同程度的抵制作用,Ca^2 、Zn^2 、Cu^2 对修饰酶活力有激活作用,一价离子K^ 对三种OSD活力均无明显影响.结论:修饰酶较天然酶的稳定性有很大的提高,加入Ca^2 、Zn^2 、Cu^2 可提高修饰酶的活力。     

Composite surface for blocking bacterial adsorption on protein biochips

The design and fabrication of protein biochips requires characterization of blocking agents that minimize nonspecific binding of proteins or organisms. Nonspecific adsorption of Escherichia coli, Listeria innocua, and Listeria monocytogenes is prevented by bovine serum albumin (BSA) or biotinylated BSA adsorbed on SiO(2) surfaces of a biochip that had been modified with a C(18) coating. Biotinylated BSA forms a protein-based surface that in turn binds streptavidin. Because streptavidin has multiple binding sites for biotin, it in turn anchors other biotinylated proteins, including antibodies. Hence, biotinylated BSA simultaneously serves as a blocking agent and a foundation for binding an interfacing protein, avidin or streptavidin, which in turns anchors biotinylated antibody. In our case, the antibody is C11E9, an IgG-type antibody that binds Listeria spp. Nonspecific adsorption of another bacterium, Escherichia coli, is also minimized due to the blocking action of the BSA. The blocking characteristics of BSA adsorbed on C(18)-derivatized SiO(2) surfaces for construction of a protein biochip for electronic detection of pathogenic organisms is investigated.     

A simple hydrogenase-linked assay for ferredoxin and flavodoxin.

Ferredoxin or flavodoxin mediates electron flow from H₂-hydrogenase to metronidazole[1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole] to cause the reduction of the latter compound. The reduction of metronidazole in solution is irreversible because the reduced compound further decomposes. Since metronidazole loses its absorption peak at 320 nm upon reduction, the rate of reduction can be monitored spectrophotometrically. When a solution of metronidazole at 0.1 to 0.5 mm is supplemented with ferredoxin- andflavodoxin-free hydrogenase and placed under H₂, the rate of metronidazole reduction is proportional to the amount of ferredoxin or flavodoxin added. This forms the basis for an assay that can measure 10 to 1000 ng of ferredoxin or 100–1000 ng of flavodoxin/ml of assay mixture.