Enteric neurons and systemic signals couple nutritional and reproductive status with intestinal homeostasis

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Highlights? A metabolic behavior revealing a key homeostatic role for the invertebrate intestine ? Enteric neurons couple reproductive state with intestinal physiology ? An insulinergic brain-gut neuronal circuit adjusts feeding to nutritional conditions ? A vasopressin-like system of central neurons is essential for water homeostasis     

MicroRNA-133 Controls Brown Adipose Determination in Skeletal Muscle Satellite Cells by Targeting Prdm16

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Highlights? Satellite cells can differentiate into brown adipocytes ? MicroRNA-133 targets Prdm16 3′UTR and controls brown adipose determination ? MicroRNA-133 antagonism induces active brown adipocytes within regenerating muscle ? MicroRNA-133 antagonism impedes the development of obesity     

Development and Regeneration of Sox2+ Endoderm Progenitors Are Regulated by a HDAC1/2-Bmp4/Rb1 Regulatory Pathway

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Highlights? Hdac1/2 regulate development of Sox2+ endoderm progenitors ? Bmp4, Rb1, p21, and p16 are direct targets of Hdac1/2 in lung endoderm ? Increased Bmp4 suppresses Sox2 expression in lung endoderm ? Hdac1/2 are required for lung secretory epithelial regeneration     

Olig2 Targets Chromatin Remodelers to Enhancers to Initiate Oligodendrocyte Differentiation

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Highlights? Activation of the Brg1 chromatin-remodeling complex drives OPC differentiation ? Olig2 prepatterns and directs Brg1 targeting to oligodendrocyte-specific enhancers ? Functional and stage-dependent Olig2/Brg1 targeting in oligodendrocyte development ? Olig2/Brg1 targeting coupled with epigenetic marking defines oligodendrocyte identity     

Dynamic Chromatin Remodeling Mediated by Polycomb Proteins Orchestrates Pancreatic Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells

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Highlights? Pancreatic lineage progression is governed by PcG-dependent chromatin remodeling ? A temporal chromatin signature predicts regulators of pancreatic development ? Endocrine cells differentiated from hESCs in vivo are similar to native human islets ? In vitro-produced malfunctioning endocrine cells exhibit aberrant chromatin structure     

Secreted Frizzled-Related Protein 3 Regulates Activity-Dependent Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis

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Highlights? Wnt inhibitor sFRP3 exhibits activity-dependent expression in the adult hippocampus ? sFRP3 maintains quiescence of adult hippocampal radial glia-like neural stem cells ? sFRP3 inhibits maturation, dendritic development, and spinal formation of new neurons ? sFRP3 partially mediates activity-dependent adult hippocampal neurogenesis     

Adipose Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Regulates Metabolic Homeostasis through Angiogenesis

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Highlights? Two-way modulations of adipose VEGF were generated with aP2-Cre transgene ? Adipose VEGF KO reduces vasculature, increases hypoxia and inflammation in fat ? Adipose VEGF KO accelerates the development of metabolic disease in high-fat diet ? Induced adipose VEGF has opposite effect on fat and restores metabolic homeostasis     

PPARγ agonists induce a white-to-brown fat conversion through stabilization of PRDM16 protein

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Highlights? PPARγ full agonists induce a brown fat phenotype in subcutaneous WAT ? PRDM16 is required for the development of PPARγ agonist-inducible brow adipocytes ? PRDM16 and PPARγ agonists synergistically activate the brown fat gene program ? Browning effect is mediated through the enhanced stability of the PRDM16 protein     

Characterization and In Vivo Pharmacological Rescue of a Wnt2-Gata6 Pathway Required for Cardiac Inflow Tract Development

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Highlights? Wnt2 is required for atrial and inflow tract morphogenesis ? Wnt2 regulates expansion of secondary heart field progenitors ? Defects in Wnt2^?/? mutants can be rescued using Wnt signaling agonists ? Wnt2 cooperates with Gata6 to regulate cardiac inflow tract development     

EpCAM Is an Endoderm-Specific Wnt Derepressor that Licenses Hepatic Development

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Highlights? Endodermal EpCAM cell autonomously modulates the Wnt2bb-induced hepatic development ? EpCAM directly binds to Kremen1 and disrupts the Kremen1-Dkk2 interaction ? EpCAM derepresses Lrp6 and allows Lrp6 clustering into active signalosomes ? EpCAM licenses and cooperatively activates Wnt2bb signaling in the endoderm     

ANGUSTIFOLIA3 Signaling Coordinates Proliferation between Clonally Distinct Cells in Leaves

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Highlights? AN3 is produced specifically in mesophyll cells and moves into epidermal cells ? AN3 participates in the control of epidermal cell proliferation ? AN3 signaling is essential for normal leaf development ? AN3 movement does not require the action of the type II chaperonin complex     

Uncoupling VEGFA Functions in Arteriogenesis and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Specification

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Highlights? VEGFA short isoform supports endothelial/arterial development of the dorsal aorta ? ETO2 maintains high levels of VEGFA medium and long isoforms in the somites ? VEGFA medium isoform instructs the blood program in blood stem cell precursors ? ETO2 specifies blood stem cells in a non-cell-autonomous manner     

Microtubules Enable the Planar Cell Polarity of Airway Cilia

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Highlights? PCP proteins are asymmetric at apical junctions in the airways before ciliogenesis ? PCP protein asymmetry and cilium orientation emerge gradually during development ? Cilium misorientation correlates with loss of PCP protein asymmetry in PCP mutants ? Microtubules appear to organize cilium orientation and PCP protein asymmetry     

ATP alters the diffusion mechanics of MutS on mismatched DNA

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Highlights? The development and use of smFlow-FRET and smPolarization-TIRF microscopy ? Lesion-searching MutS rotationally diffuses in continuous contact with the DNA ? ATP-bound MutS spins freely and in discontinuous contact with the DNA backbone ? Direct visualization of multiple ATP-bound MutS clamps that diffuse along the DNA     

SIP1 Mediates Cell-Fate Decisions between Neuroectoderm and Mesendoderm in Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

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Highlights? Smad-interacting protein 1 (SIP1) regulates hESC differentiation ? SIP1 upregulation promotes neuroectodermal differentiation ? SIP1 inhibits mesendodermal and endodermal differentiation ? SMAD2/3 and NANOG/OCT4/SOX2 cooperatively regulate SIP1 expression     

Keeping cell identity in Arabidopsis requires PRC1 RING-finger homologs that catalyze H2A monoubiquitination

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Highlights? AtBMI1A/B proteins prevent misexpression of embryonic traits in somatic cells ? PRC2 and AtBMI1A/B proteins maintain cells in their differentiated state ? AtBMI1A/B proteins mediate H2A monoubiquitination     

Perivascular Nitric Oxide Activates Notch Signaling and Promotes Stem-like Character in PDGF-Induced Glioma Cells

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Highlights? Perivascular niche nitric oxide activates Notch in PDGF-induced gliomas ? Notch signaling drives tumor stem-like characteristics and reduces survival ? Loss of eNOS activity decreases tumor stem-like characteristics ? Suppressing eNOS activity prolongs survival in glioma-bearing mice     

Comprehensive Analysis of Silencing Mutants Reveals Complex Regulation of the Arabidopsis Methylome

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Highlights? Genome-wide single-nucleotide resolution methylation maps in 86 silencing mutants ? Complex interplays between different DNA methylation pathways ? Identification of novel regulators of DNA methylation