诃子抑菌活性成分筛选和总鞣质含量测定新方法

为了建立一种HPLC检测抑菌活性成分诃子总鞣质含量的新方法,在HPLC条件:流动相为乙腈-0.05%磷酸溶液梯度洗脱,检测波长为270 nm,流速为1 m L/min,柱温为30℃,色谱柱为Sepax Sapphire C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)下利用诃子鞣质中含量最高的成分诃子酸对药材中总鞣质进行含量测定。诃子酸在相应浓度内与色谱峰面积呈良好线性关系,平均加样回收率在97.22%~101.38%之间,RSD为1.62%。研究结果表明,该方法与比色法相比操作更简单,结果更准确。利用HPLC法来测定抑菌成分诃子总鞣质含量,可以更准确地对诃子进行质量控制。     

煎煮时间对三果汤化学成分及抗疲劳作用的影响CSCD

探究煎煮时间对三果汤成分转化及抗疲劳作用的影响。采用HPLC法跟踪煎煮过程中三果汤的成分变化,通过偏最小二乘判别分析(partial least squares discriminant analysis,PLS-DA)筛选出12个差异成分,其中已鉴定的有7个,它们在煎煮过程中的含量变化为:没食子酸、诃子次酸增加,诃子酸、诃黎勒酸、没食子酸乙酯、鞣花酸降低,柯里拉京先增加后降低。抗疲劳评价实验中,小鼠游泳时间及11种疲劳相关指标测定结果显示,煎煮时间越长,三果汤抗疲劳能力越强。差异化合物中与抗疲劳药效相关性最大的为没食子酸和诃子次酸。说明煎煮会促使三果汤大分子鞣质水解成没食子酸和诃子次酸,且这种水解有利于抗疲劳作用的发挥。     

比色法结合HPLC指纹图谱法用于诃子质量控制研究

采用比色法与HPLC指纹图谱法对诃子进行质量控制,建立了诃子中的主要药效成分总鞣质含量测定方法以及诃子的HPLC指纹图谱质量控制方法。结果诃子的总鞣质含量达到20.6%,生成的对照指纹图谱与各图谱相似度≥0.94。本实验建立的评价方法能够快速、准确、简便、全面地评价中药诃子质量,在一定程度上弥补药典中对诃子的质量控制不足之处。     

不同产地丹参药材HPLC指纹图谱分析及4种菲醌类成分含量的比较

对7个产地丹参(Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge.)药材进行了HPLC分析并确定了其指纹图谱的共有模式谱,在此基础上比较了7个产地丹参药材中4种菲醌类成分(二氢丹参酮Ⅰ、丹参酮Ⅰ、隐丹参酮和丹参酮ⅡA)的相对含量。结果表明:来源于不同产地的丹参药材的HPLC图谱均有21个峰,其中有8个共有峰;各共有峰的相对保留时间基本相同,RSD值均小于0.086%;但相对峰面积差异明显。以4号峰(二氢丹参酮Ⅰ)为参照峰,初步构建了丹参药材的HPLC指纹图谱的共有模式谱,7个产地丹参药材的HPLC指纹图谱与共有模式谱的相似性良好,相似度值为0.916～0.973。不同产地丹参药材中4种菲醌类成分的相对含量有明显差异,其中,河南产药材中4种菲醌类成分含量均最高,而河北产药材中均最低;此外,不同产地丹参药材中4种成分的组成比例也有明显差异。根据实验结果,建议将丹参药材的HPLC指纹图谱的共有模式谱作为丹参药材质量控制和真伪辨别的标准之一。     

马鞭草药材UPLC指纹图谱建立及指标性成分的测定CSCD

建立马鞭草药材指纹图谱,并对4种有效成分的含量进行测定,为马鞭草药材质量控制提供参考。采用超高效液相色谱(UPLC)法建立马鞭草药材指纹图谱,并利用高分辨质谱对共有峰进行指认,以15批马鞭草药材指纹图谱共有峰的相对峰面积为变量,进行化学计量学分析,并对15批马鞭草药材有效成分戟叶马鞭草苷、马鞭草苷、毛蕊花糖苷和异毛蕊花糖苷的含量进行测定。结果显示,马鞭草药材指纹图谱有16个共有峰,并指认出其中6个成分,聚类分析(HCA)和主成分分析(PCA)将15批药材分为3类,正交偏最小二乘法-判别式分析(OPLS-DA)共筛选出7个VIP>1.0的差异性成分。含量测定结果显示,不同产区的马鞭草药材戟叶马鞭草苷、马鞭草苷、毛蕊花糖苷和异毛蕊花糖苷的含量存在较大的差异。该方法能有效分析不同产地马鞭草药材的质量差异,为不同产地马鞭草药材质量的评价提供参考。     

不同规格青皮药材UPLC特征图谱和多指标成分含量对比研究CSCD

建立个青皮、四花青皮超高效液相色谱(UPLC)特征图谱,结合多成分含量测定,为完善不同规格青皮药材的质量控制提供参考。采用Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.8μm)色谱柱,流动相为乙腈-0.1%甲酸溶液,流速为每分钟0.30 mL,梯度洗脱,检测波长为275 nm,柱温为40℃,进样量为1μL;建立15批个青皮和15批四花青皮的特征图谱,通过对照品比对并结合光谱分析,对共有峰进行鉴定;借助中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统对15批个青皮和15批四花青皮的特征图谱进行相似度评价,通过聚类分析(HCA)、主成分分析(PCA)和正交偏最小二乘法-判别分析(OPLS-DA)比较两种规格青皮的差异,寻找差异性成分;并对两种规格青皮药材5种有效成分含量进行对比研究。结果显示,个青皮和四花青皮特征图谱均有7个共有峰,指认出其中5个峰,分别为辛弗林、芸香柚皮苷、橙皮苷、川陈皮素和橘皮素;HCA和PCA将青皮药材按规格不同大致分为两类,OPLS-DA发现3个差异性标志物,分别为峰1(辛弗林)、峰4和峰2(橙皮苷)。含量测定研究结果显示,个青皮中辛弗林和橙皮苷的含量高于四花青皮,四花青皮中川陈皮素的含量高于个青皮,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。该方法可以有效鉴别不同规格的青皮药材质量的差异性,为其质量控制提供参考。     

化学模式识别分析白及不同采收期次生代谢产物动态变化特征

为研究白及栽培品不同采收期特征差异次生代谢产物及其动态变化规律。采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)建立白及指纹图谱并测定gastrodin、militarine含量,利用主成分分析(PCA)及最小偏二乘分析(PLS-DA)对指纹图谱进行化学模式识别,从16个共有峰中识别7个特征化学成分为不同采收季节主要特征差异成分。利用高效液相-高分辨质谱技术(HPLC-HRMS)鉴定为葡萄糖苷类成分(gastrodin)、苄酯类成分(blestroside、militarine、gymnosideⅤ)以及菲类成分(4-甲氧基菲-2,7-二醇、benzylhydrophenanthrene 3、coelonin)。结果显示7个主要差异成分随季节呈现不同动态变化规律,gastrodin和militarine在不同采收期含量差异较大。本研究为指导白及采收时期及内在质量评价提供理论依据。     

不同生境及采样部位对南方红豆杉活性成分含量的影响

采用HPLC法,对采自浙江、福建和江西7个产地以及不同坡向(阴坡和阳坡)、不同坡位(高、中、低坡位)的野生南方红豆杉[Taxus wallichiana var.mairei (Lemée et Lévl.)L.K.Fu et Nan Li]枝叶中紫杉醇、7-木糖紫杉醇和三尖杉宁碱含量进行了分析,并比较了南方红豆杉不同部位(茎皮和枝叶)和不同冠层中3种成分的含量;在此基础上对3种成分含量与环境因子(包括地理、气候及土壤因子)的相关性进行了分析.结果表明:采自阳坡的枝叶中3种成分的含量明显高于阴坡,不同坡向间紫杉醇和7-木糖紫杉醇含量差异显著(P＜0.05).采自不同坡位的枝叶中3种成分的含量均有一定差异,其中采自低坡位的枝叶中3种成分的含量均最高.不同产地间紫杉醇含量有极显著差异(P＜0.01)、7-木糖紫杉醇和三尖杉宁碱含量则有显著差异(P＜0.05);总体上看,采自福建建阳和江西景德镇的枝叶中3种成分的含量相对较高.南方红豆杉茎皮中3种成分的含量显著高于其枝叶;高冠层枝叶中3种成分的含量均高于低冠层枝叶,不同冠层间紫杉醇和7-木糖紫杉醇含量差异显著(P＜0.05).相关性分析结果表明:南方红豆杉中三尖杉宁碱含量与土壤中全N和土壤有机质含量呈极显著或显著的负相关性,与其他因子的相关性均不显著;而紫杉醇和7-木糖紫杉醇含量与所有因子均无显著的相关性;海拔与3种成分的含量均呈不显著的负相关性,提示低海拔可能有利于南方红豆杉中3种成分的合成及积累.     

基于UPLC的梅花多成分含量测定及不同花期的质量分析

为了比较不同花期梅花药材质量的差异,采集了45批不同花期的梅花药材,采用UPLC法建立了一种同时测定梅花药材中9个成分含量的方法,在此基础上结合化学计量学分析,通过聚类分析(cluster analysis, HCA)、主成分分析(principal component analysis, PCA)和正交偏最小二乘法-判别式分析(orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis, OPLS-DA)等对45批梅花药材进行不同花期鉴别和分类。研究结果显示：所建立的方法能够使样品中的各指标成分达到良好分离,新绿原酸、绿原酸等酚酸类成分含量随着生长期的增长而减少;而金丝桃苷、异槲皮苷、芦丁、槲皮素-3-O-新橙皮苷等黄酮类成分则是盛花期含量高于其他时期。从HCA和PCA分析中可发现45批梅花样品可明显区分为2类,从OPLS-DA分析结果可得出新绿原酸、绿原酸、隐绿原酸是区分不同生长期贡献较大的3种成分,可作为指导梅花药材质量控制的关键成分,从而进一步对三种花期进行区分。由此可见,本研究建立的UPLC方法准确度良好,结合化学计量分析,该...     

鲜鱼腥草UPLC特征图谱及5种指标成分含量测定研究

为建立鲜鱼腥草药材UPLC特征图谱及5种指标成分含量同时测定的方法,本研究采用UPLC技术,以乙腈∶0.1%磷酸水溶液为流动相梯度洗脱,流速0.3 mL/min,检测波长分别为254和326 nm,同时测定不同产地16批鲜鱼腥草药材中新绿原酸、绿原酸、隐绿原酸、金丝桃苷、槲皮苷含量及特征图谱,采用超高效液相色谱-质谱(UPLC-MS)对共有峰进行了指认。实验结果显示,本研究建立的特征图谱及含量测定方法符合方法学要求,5种指标成分的含量均有不同程度的差异;特征图谱共标定了7个共有峰,指认了其中5个峰;不同产地鲜鱼腥草药材与对照特征图谱的相似度在0.890～0.999之间;聚类分析和主成分分析均可将16批鲜鱼腥草分为3类,不同类别间质量存在差异;主成分综合得分结果表明浙江金华种植的鲜鱼腥草质量最优,其次是四川彭州、广汉、绵阳等地。结果表明本研究建立的UPLC特征图谱及5种指标成分含量同时测定方法可用于鲜鱼腥草药材质量的综合评价。     

不同成熟度老鹰茶中酚类化合物含量及抗氧化活性研究

为了探究两种不同成熟度老鹰茶中酚类化合物含量及抗氧化活性的差异,以对其进行辨识及质量评价,该研究利用液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)法测定老鹰茶中15种酚类化合物,采用DPPH自由基清除率、ABTS⁺自由基清除率、Fe³⁺还原能力评价两种茶叶抗氧化能力,再通过数据统计分析探讨两种老鹰茶酚类化合物含量及抗氧化活性的差异,并进一步探索老鹰茶中不同酚类化合物对于抗氧化的贡献。结果表明:(1)嫩叶茶中儿茶素、对香豆酸、异槲皮苷、金丝桃苷、烟花苷、紫云英苷、山奈酚、槲皮素、阿福豆苷含量显著高于老叶茶,其中儿茶素、异槲皮苷、紫云英苷平均含量比老叶茶分别高1 039.43、169.12、257.35 mg·100 g^-1。聚类分析(HCA)、主成分分析(PCA)、正交偏最小二乘判别分析(OPLS-DA)均可将二者区分。(2)方差分析(ANOVA)结果显示在抗氧化能力上,二者在DPPH自由基清除率、ABTS⁺自由基清除率、Fe³⁺还原能力之间具有显著性差异,嫩叶茶优于老叶茶。(3)偏最小二乘回归分析(PLSR)法提示老鹰茶中的异槲皮苷、儿茶素、紫云英苷、绿原酸、金丝桃苷、对香豆酸、山奈酚是其发挥抗氧化效能的主要酚类化合物。该研究结果可为老鹰茶的质量控制及应用推广提供一定的参考。     

紫外指纹图谱结合化学计量学对黄精基原植物的鉴别

运用紫外光谱技术结合化学计量学,建立快速鉴别不同基原黄精的方法。通过单因素实验确定黄精最佳提取溶剂、时间和用量,制备测试液,采用紫外光谱技术建立3种基原黄精的紫外指纹图谱,光谱数据转化后进行主成分(PCA)和系统聚类分析(HCA)。该方法重现性、精密度、稳定性较好,结果表明不同种类黄精紫外指纹图谱具有指纹特性,3种基原植物黄精紫外光谱图在210 nm、220 nm、280 nm附近差异明显;聚类分析和主成分分析三维投影图反映出不同种类黄精的化学成分积累具有差异,能较好地区分滇黄精(Polygonatumkingianum)、黄精(P.sibiricum)与多花黄精(P.cyrtonema)。紫外光谱结合化学计量学能快速鉴别不同种类黄精,可作为黄精的鉴别和质量控制新方法,为黄精临床应用、资源开发及黄精属植物分类提供辅助方法。     

ICP-MS法测定广西金樱根及炮制品中22种金属元素

为建立广西金樱根药材中22种金属元素的电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)分析方法,该文对不同产地药材及其炮制品中金属元素含量进行比较分析,评价其药材的质量和优选适当的炮制方法。同时,采用 ICP-MS 法测定22种金属元素含量,绘制其特征金属元素柱状图谱,并采用系统聚类分析和主成分分析对金樱根药材不同产地、不同炮制品的45个样品进行判别研究。结果表明:广西金樱根不同产地药材及其炮制品的45个样品中金属元素含量存在一定差异,其中Al元素含量偏高,经聚类分析和主成分分析将产地分为三类,主成分分析特征元素为Al、Pb、Ba、Zn、As、Sr。该研究通过金属元素在不同产地金樱根及炮制品中的变化规律,发现金樱根醋炙的炮制方法最优,为金樱根的临床安全应用及质量控制提供了理论依据和方法学参考。     

芦荟的HPLC指纹图谱建立、化学模式识别分析及其含量测定

采用Phenomenex C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm),以甲醇-乙腈-0.3％磷酸水为流动相进行梯度洗脱,建立芦荟的指纹图谱.运用化学模式识别方法对不同产地芦荟药材质量控制方法进行评价.结果表明:12批芦荟HPLC指纹图谱共标定23个共有峰,并通过对照品指认其中6个成分;除了广西的3批药材之外,...     

Key taste components in two wild edible Boletus mushrooms using widely targeted metabolomics

Compounds from wild edible mushrooms has been reported to exert biological activities and contribute to the different flavors of mushrooms in our diet. Wild edible Boletus mushrooms are popular in Southwest China. In this study, we performed ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS) based on widely targeted metabolomics analysis to identify key components. A total of 194 metabolites (113 upregulated, 81 downregulated) divided into 11 groups (49 metabolites in group lipids, 34 in amino acids and derivatives, 30 in organic acids, 18 in phenolic acids, 16 in nucleotides and derivatives, 13 in alkaloids, 6 in flavonoids, 3 in lignans and coumarins, 3 in tannins, 2 in terpenoids, and 20 in others) were found among Boletus bainiugan compared with B. subsplendidus. Through clustering analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), and orthogonal signal correction and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), different metabolites from fruiting bodies were clearly identified. Significant differences were observed in the metabolites between Boletus bainiugan and B. subsplendidus. These metabolites are involved in important biological functions. Our results provide new insights into important metabolites and theoretical basis for the taste difference of two wild edible Boletus mushrooms.     

基于多元统计分析的酒制前后女贞子成分差异分析

为探究酒制对女贞子化学成分的影响,采用UPLC-Orbitrap-MS技术结合多元统计分析对生女贞子、酒女贞子差异性化学成分进行研究。基于分子网络技术、主成分分析(PCA)模型和正交偏最小二乘法-判别分析(OPLS-DA)模型筛选女贞子酒制前后出现差异的主要化学成分。共鉴定出42种化学成分,结果显示PCA,OPLS-DA可将女贞子与酒女贞子完全区分开来,OPLS-DA筛选出VIP>1的22个酒制前后出现差异的主要化学成分。本研究建立了一种新的数据处理策略,以系统识别生女贞子和酒女贞子的化学成分,筛选女贞子酒制前后的差异性成分,为进一步研究女贞子酒制增效物质基础及原理提供坚实的基础。     

Quality Evaluation of Potentilla fruticosa L. by High Performance Liquid Chromatography Fingerprinting Associated with Chemometric Methods

The present study was performed to assess the quality of Potentilla fruticosa L. sampled from distinct regions of China using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fingerprinting coupled with a suite of chemometric methods. For this quantitative analysis, the main active phytochemical compositions and the antioxidant activity in P. fruticosa were also investigated. Considering the high percentages and antioxidant activities of phytochemicals, P. fruticosa samples from Kangding, Sichuan were selected as the most valuable raw materials. Similarity analysis (SA) of HPLC fingerprints, hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), principle component analysis (PCA), and discriminant analysis (DA) were further employed to provide accurate classification and quality estimates of P. fruticosa. Two principal components (PCs) were collected by PCA. PC1 separated samples from Kangding, Sichuan, capturing 57.64% of the variance, whereas PC2 contributed to further separation, capturing 18.97% of the variance. Two kinds of discriminant functions with a 100% discrimination ratio were constructed. The results strongly supported the conclusion that the eight samples from different regions were clustered into three major groups, corresponding with their morphological classification, for which HPLC analysis confirmed the considerable variation in phytochemical compositions and that P. fruticosa samples from Kangding, Sichuan were of high quality. The results of SA, HCA, PCA, and DA were in agreement and performed well for the quality assessment of P. fruticosa. Consequently, HPLC fingerprinting coupled with chemometric techniques provides a highly flexible and reliable method for the quality evaluation of traditional Chinese medicines.     

Hydrolyzable tannins (chebulagic acid and punicalagin) target viral glycoprotein-glycosaminoglycan interactions to inhibit herpes simplex virus 1 entry and cell-to-cell spread

Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) is a common human pathogen that causes lifelong latent infection of sensory neurons. Non-nucleoside inhibitors that can limit HSV-1 recurrence are particularly useful in treating immunocompromised individuals or cases of emerging acyclovir-resistant strains of herpesvirus. We report that chebulagic acid (CHLA) and punicalagin (PUG), two hydrolyzable tannins isolated from the dried fruits of Terminalia chebula Retz. (Combretaceae), inhibit HSV-1 entry at noncytotoxic doses in A549 human lung cells. Experiments revealed that both tannins targeted and inactivated HSV-1 viral particles and could prevent binding, penetration, and cell-to-cell spread, as well as secondary infection. The antiviral effect from either of the tannins was not associated with induction of type I interferon-mediated responses, nor was pretreatment of the host cell protective against HSV-1. Their inhibitory activities targeted HSV-1 glycoproteins since both natural compounds were able to block polykaryocyte formation mediated by expression of recombinant viral glycoproteins involved in attachment and membrane fusion. Our results indicated that CHLA and PUG blocked interactions between cell surface glycosaminoglycans and HSV-1 glycoproteins. Furthermore, the antiviral activities from the two tannins were significantly diminished in mutant cell lines unable to produce heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate and could be rescued upon reconstitution of heparan sulfate biosynthesis. We suggest that the hydrolyzable tannins CHLA and PUG may be useful as competitors for glycosaminoglycans in the management of HSV-1 infections and that they may help reduce the risk for development of viral drug resistance during therapy with nucleoside analogues.     

HPLC特征图谱结合含量测定的白芍及其炮制品的质量对比研究

建立白芍、炒白芍、酒白芍、硫熏白芍HPLC特征图谱,并结合多成分含量测定,为白芍、炒白芍、酒白芍和硫熏白芍的质量控制提供参考。采用Intersustain C₁₈(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)色谱柱,流动相为乙腈-0.1%醋酸水溶液,流速为每分钟1 mL,梯度洗脱,检测波长为230 nm,柱温为30℃,进样量为10μL。14批白芍、炒白芍、酒白芍和硫熏白芍的特征图谱,标定了6个共有峰,并均被指认,分别为没食子酸、儿茶素、芍药内酯苷、芍药苷、1,2,3,4,6-五没食子酰葡萄糖和苯甲酰芍药苷,而硫熏白芍标定7个共有峰,峰7为白芍硫熏后产生;且各色谱谱峰有较好的分离,但不同炮制品特征图谱存在一定差异;含量测定结果显示,白芍炒制、酒制及硫熏后,6种成分均有不同程度的变化;借助中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统和SIMCA-P13.0软件对14批白芍、炒白芍、酒白芍和硫熏白芍进行相似度和正交偏最小二乘判别(OPLS-DA)分析,所建立的白芍和炮制品及硫熏品的质量评价方法稳定性、重复性好,可用于白芍、炒白芍、酒白芍和硫熏白芍的质量控制和评价。     

Determination of differences in the nonvolatile metabolites of pine-mushrooms (Tricholoma matsutake Sing.) according to different parts and heating times using 1H NMR and principal component analysis.

The differences in the nonvolatile metabolites of pine-mushrooms (Tricholoma matsutake Sing.) according to different parts and heating times were analyzed by applying principal component analysis (PCA) to 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy data. The 1H NMR spectra and PCA enabled the differences of nonvolatile metabolites among mushroom samples to be clearly observed. The two parts of mushrooms could be easily discriminated based on PC 1, and could be separated according to different heattreated times based on PC 3. The major peaks in the 1H NMR spectra that contributed to differences among mushroom samples were assigned to trehalose, succinic acid, choline, leucine/isoleucine, and alanine. The content of trehalose was higher in the pileus than in the stipe of all mushroom samples, whereas succinic acid, choline, and leucine/isoleucine were the main components in the stipe. Heating resulted in significant losses of alanine and leucine/isoleucine, whereas succinic acid, choline, and trehalose were the most abundant components in mushrooms heat-treated for 3 min and 5 min, respectively.