裂叶荆芥花穗腺鳞代谢规律研究

为揭示荆芥穗腺鳞在不同开花序列中数量性状及内含物的代谢规律,本实验通过对荆芥穗不同开花序列的萼片进行腺鳞密度及半径的测算,以腺鳞指数拟合评价其数量性状的动态变化;同时对不同开花序列腺鳞内含物中6种单萜类成分(β-月桂烯、d-柠檬烯、dl-薄荷酮、薄荷呋喃、胡薄荷酮、β-石竹烯)进行气相色谱检测与定量研究。结果显示:腺鳞的主要发生阶段为开花前期,并于开花期基本完成;荆芥穗开花后,腺鳞因受到外界因素的影响数量逐渐减少;以D10轮为界,腺鳞中对薄荷烷型单萜类成分的代谢过程存在明显的物候迭代规律,并致使胡薄荷酮在腺鳞内含物中蓄积。说明荆芥穗腺鳞于开花期基本完成其数量性状增长及内含物的合成,但薄荷酮、薄荷呋喃、β-石竹烯等化合物在开花后期仍处于旺盛代谢状态,并且其含量变化可直接造成荆芥穗药效性质的改变,因此D10轮可作为荆芥穗的采收节点。     

荆芥中总黄酮的微波提取及含量测定

中药荆芥原名假苏 ,始载于《本经》,列入下品 ,为唇形科植物裂叶荆芥 ( Schizonepeta tenuifolia〈 Benth〉Briq)和多裂叶荆芥的茎叶和花穗。民间用于治疗祛风、解表、透疹和止血。近年研究表明荆芥具有解热降温、镇静、镇痛、抗炎、止血、抑制心肌收缩、祛痰平喘、抗氧化等药理作用。目前从荆芥中分离得到的主要化学成分有酚类、酸类、黄酮类化合物 ,穗状花序含有单萜类化合物 ,荆芥挥发油主要含有胡薄荷酮和薄荷酮等化合物 ,具有特殊的香气[1] 。微波技术的应用 ,近年来得到很大发展。微波具有穿透力强、选择性高、加热效率高等特点。微…     

荆芥挥发油对脂多糖致抑郁样模型小鼠的抗抑郁作用研究

观察荆芥挥发油对脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide, LPS)诱导的抑郁样模型小鼠的抗抑郁作用,探究其对NOD样受体热蛋白3(NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing 3,NLRP3)炎症小体的影响。本研究采用腹腔注射LPS建立抑郁样小鼠模型,给药组分别灌胃给予荆芥挥发油和盐酸氟西汀,给药结束进行糖水偏好试验和飞溅试验,评价荆芥挥发油的抗抑郁作用;酶联免疫法(ELISA)检测小鼠血清白细胞介素-18(interleukin-18,IL-18)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor α,TNF-α)含量;尼氏染色观察小鼠海马组织CA3区神经元变化;蛋白质免疫印记法(Western blot)检测小鼠海马组织NLRP3、天冬氨酸特异性半胱氨酸蛋白酶(cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase, Caspase-1)、凋亡相关斑点样蛋白(apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD,ASC)及Iba-1蛋白表达水...     

黔产莪术不同炮制品中挥发油成分GC-MS分析

本研究利用GC-MS法分析比较不同炮制品的黔产莪术中挥发油含量及其化学成分的差别。本实验通过水蒸气蒸馏法提取不同炮制类型的黔产莪术中挥发油类成分,采用GC-MS法对黔产莪术挥发油的化学成分进行分析,通过标准谱库检索分析计算,确定黔产莪术挥发油中所含的主要成分,并比较四者所含化学成分的异同。结果显示,从4种饮片中共检测出78种化学成分,其中鲜品莪术挥发油中有58个化学成分,生切饮片挥发油中有53个化学成分,蒸制饮片挥发油中有52个化学成分,醋炙莪术挥发油中有51个化学成分。由此得出结论,4种挥发油中的主要成分为单萜和倍半萜类,但是不同炮制法制备的黔产莪术中挥发油的含量及其成分组成存在较大的差异。本研究将为黔产莪术加工炮制及综合开发利用提供指导。     

裂叶荆芥不同部位香精油组成研究

采用水蒸气蒸馏法,分别从裂叶荆芥的叶、茎和花三个不同部位提取香精油并进行气相色谱/质谱分析.结果发现,叶、茎、花的香精油分别含有23、29、26种组分.叶和花香精油的组成和含量基本相似,主要成分是含量分别为15.09%、14.51%的薄荷酮和29.26%、31.36%的(+)-胡薄荷酮等单萜化合物以及含量分别为17.09%、5.00%的α-律草烯等倍半萜.而茎香精油的萜类化合物含量较低,含薄荷酮为4.15%,(+)-胡薄荷酮为7.68%,但其乙酯含量相对较高,如(E)-9-十六碳烯酸乙酯含量为11.92%,异戊酸乙酯为9.38%.     

基于ITS序列的不同产地裂叶荆芥系统发育分析

采用PCR法扩增来自国内5个不同产地的裂叶荆芥ITS全序列,测序后以产自河北的裂叶荆芥代表中国裂叶荆芥与来自不同国家的裂叶荆芥ITS序列进行比较,构建分子系统发育树,探讨国内5个不同产地及不同国家的裂叶荆芥的亲缘关系和系统进化。结果表明:国内5个不同产地的裂叶荆芥ITS1和ITS2序列均有较高的G/C含量;5个产地的裂叶荆芥的扩增序列长度均为749bp,且序列完全相同;其中ITS1序列长231bp,5.8S序列长168bp,ITS2序列长236bp。中国裂叶荆芥与日本、韩国裂叶荆芥ITS序列一致性为100%,与美国裂叶荆芥ITS序列一致性为99.0%。与美国裂叶荆芥相比,中国裂叶荆芥ITS序列有7个碱基发生变异。来自不同国家的裂叶荆芥形成单系群和2个分支(中、日、韩3国为1个分支,美国单独形成1个分支)。ITS序列的一致性表明国内5个不同产地裂叶荆芥为同一个种。     

药食兼用的佳品——荆芥

荆芥Ｓｃｈｉｚｏｎｅｐｅｔａｔｅｎｕｉｆｏｌｉａ(Ｂｅｎｔｈ.)Ｂｒｉｑ.为唇形科一年生草本植物,又称姜芥、四棱杆蒿、稳齿菜、鼠实等。全草入药,性辛,温,具发表,祛风,理血等功效,主治感冒发热、头痛、咽喉肿痛、吐血、痈肿等症。全草含挥发油约1%～2%,油中主要含右旋薄荷酮(ｄ-ｍｅｎｔｈｏｎｅ)、消旋薄荷酮及少量右旋柠檬烯(ｄ-ｌｉｍｏｎｅｎｅ)。地上嫩茎叶部分食用可烹炒、凉拌、煲汤、煮粥、砌茶,风味独特,营养丰富,亦能起到食疗保健作用。主产江苏、浙江、江西、湖北、河北等省区,全国大部分地区有分布。1　形态特征　　一年生…     

探讨荆芥体外抗阴道毛滴虫的效果

目的探讨荆芥体外抗阴道毛滴虫的效果。方法将不同浓度的荆芥水提液作用于体外培养的阴道毛滴虫,于药物作用后不同时问记录毛滴虫的死亡率,并在光镜下观察药物作用前后毛滴虫的形态变化,同时与白头翁和青蒿的体外杀虫效果相比较。结果荆芥的杀虫效果与药物浓度和作用时间呈正相关。荆芥水提液触杀阴道毛滴虫的最低有效浓度为1：4。3种中药中,白头翁的杀虫效果最好,与另2种中药相比较差异有非常显著性（P〈0．01）;荆芥与青蒿的作用效果接近（P〉0．05）。荆芥作用后毛滴虫体内充满大量颗粒和空泡,部分虫体裂解、内容物外溢。结论荆芥具有较强的抗阴道毛滴虫作用。     

野生香料植物小鱼仙草资源开发利用

利用GC -MS -DC及计算机联用技术对小鱼仙草全草挥发油的成分进行分析研究 ,结果表明小鱼仙草挥发油主要成分为 :香荆芥酚 ,百里香酚、1,8-桉叶油素、侧柏酮、丁香烯、草烯和檀香烯等。不同产地 ,其挥发油成分存在一定的相似性 ,又具有较大差异。种子油中含有大量人体必需不饱和脂肪酸 :亚麻酸、油酸和亚油酸等 ,其种子油和种子具有较高的营养价值 ,值得进一步开发利用。其挥发油在香精香料、医药、化妆品等行业具有广大开发利用前景     

荆芥体外抗阴道毛滴虫作用机制的实验研究

目的探讨荆芥体外杀灭阴道毛滴虫的作用机制。方法将浓度为1∶4的荆芥水提液作用于体外培养的阴道毛滴虫,并采用透射电镜观察经药物作用2 h和4 h后阴道毛滴虫的超微结构变化。结果荆芥作用后阴道毛滴虫多聚核糖体解聚,粗面内质网脱颗粒,胞质内可见大量空泡;随药物作用时间延长,核膜不完整,核质变疏松;最终,胞膜破损,内容物外溢,虫体死亡。结论荆芥可破坏阴道毛滴虫的内膜系统,具有较强的抗滴虫作用。     

槲寄生挥发性成分研究

目的：研究槲寄生挥发性成分。方法：利用水蒸汽蒸馏法提取槲寄生挥发性成分,用GC/MS进行分离测定,结合计算机检索技术对分离的化合物进行结构鉴定,应用色谱峰面积归一化法计算各成分的相对百分含量。结果：分离出119个成分,确定了66个化合物,占挥发油总量的77．31％。结论：槲寄生挥发性成分大于2％的化学成分有12种。     

早期白假丝酵母血流感染大鼠模型的血浆代谢组学分析

为探寻白假丝酵母(又称白念珠菌)早期感染的血浆代谢标记,采用尾静脉注射白念珠菌方法建立大鼠白念珠菌感染模型。将20只大鼠按随机数字法分为对照组和白念珠菌组,每组10只。应用超高效液相色谱-四级杆飞行时间串联质谱(ultra-high performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole-time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry,UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS)技术结合数据依赖性采集方式检测大鼠血浆中的代谢物,采用SIMCA-P软件对所测数据分别进行偏最小二乘法判别分析(partial least squares discrimination analysis,PLS-DA)、正交偏最小二乘法判别分析(orthogonal PLS-DA,OPLS-DA)及主成分分析(principal component analysis,PCA),以进行模式识别,区分白念珠菌组与正常对照组血浆代谢物的差异。根据OPLS-DA模型的变量投影重要度(variable importance in the projection,VIP)筛选可能的代谢标记。结果显示,白念珠菌组与对照组的血浆代谢物存在明显差异,OPLS-DA、PLS-DA及PCA模型均可区分两组,初步确认了18个正离子模式鉴定的差异物,对应化合物可能是大鼠念珠菌感染的潜在标记。受试者工作特征曲线(receiver operating characteristic curve,ROC)分析发现,LysoPC(14∶0)、LysoPC(18∶1(9Z))、LysoPC(18∶0)、L-Tryptophan、L-Gulonic acid γ-lactone这5个代谢物ROC的曲线下面积均＞0.90。本研究初步筛选出早期白念珠菌感染的可能代谢生物标记,可为白念珠菌感染早期诊断和治疗提供理论基础。     

Serum metabolite profiling of B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma using UPLC-QTOFMS and GC-TOFMS

A global metabolic profiling was generated with serum samples of patients with B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) and healthy controls using two different analytical platforms for metabonomics, UPLC-QTOFMS and GC-TOFMS, in conjunction with multivariate data analysis and ROC analysis. Significant difference in metabolic characteristics was observed between B-cell NHL and healthy control by OPLS-DA. A total of 37 differential metabolites for B-cell NHL were identified. Some significant changes in metabolites were detected, indicating that there were disturbances of key metabolic pathways, including bile acids, glycerophospholipids, fatty acids metabolism, steroid biosynthesis, glycolysis, as well as glycine, serine and threonine metabolism associated with B-cell NHL. A panel of metabolite markers composed of choline, arachidonic acid, LysoPC (17:0), PA (16:0/16:0) and coproporphyrin from UPLC-QTOFMS and another panel of markers composed of benzenebutanoic acid, β-hydroxypyruvic acid, D-2-hydroxyoctanoic acid, pyruvic acid and arachidonic acid derived from GC-TOFMS were selected. A ROC curve analysis of these markers resulted in an AUC of 0.968 and 1.00 for the UPLC-QTOFMS and GC-TOFMS analysis, respectively. These biochemical changes provide a novel molecular diagnostic approach which could be helpful to further understand the pathogenesis and identify the therapeutic target of B-cell NHL.     

Metabolic profiling and phylogenetic analysis of medicinal Zingiber species: Tools for authentication of ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc)

Phylogenetic analysis and metabolic profiling were used to investigate the diversity of plant material within the ginger species and between ginger and closely related species in the genus Zingiber (Zingiberaceae). In addition, anti-inflammatory data were obtained for the investigated species. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that all Zingiber officinale samples from different geographical origins were genetically indistinguishable. In contrast, other Zingiber species were significantly divergent, allowing all species to be clearly distinguished using this analysis. In the metabolic profiling analysis, the Z. officinale samples derived from different origins showed no qualitative differences in major volatile compounds, although they did show some significant quantitative differences in non-volatile composition, particularly regarding the content of [6]-, [8]-, and [10]-gingerols, the most active anti-inflammatory components in this species. The differences in gingerol content were verified by HPLC. The metabolic profiles of other Zingiber species were very different, both qualitatively and quantitatively, when compared to Z. officinale and to each other. Comparative DNA sequence/chemotaxonomic phylogenetic trees showed that the chemical characters of the investigated species were able to generate essentially the same phylogenetic relationships as the DNA sequences. This supports the contention that chemical characters can be used effectively to identify relationships between plant species. Anti-inflammatory in vitro assays to evaluate the ability of all extracts from the Zingiber species examined to inhibit LPS-induced PGE(2) and TNF-alpha production suggested that bioactivity may not be easily predicted by either phylogenetic analysis or gross metabolic profiling. Therefore, identification and quantification of the actual bioactive compounds are required to guarantee the bioactivity of a particular Zingiber sample even after performing authentication by molecular and/or chemical markers.     

Volatile Oil Yield and Composition,Total Phenolic Content,Antioxidant Activity and Secondary Metabolite Content of Collected Thymus praecox Species in Rize

In this study, the volatile oil yield (Clevenger), volatile oil (VO) composition (Gas Chromatography), phenolic contents (UV-VIS Spectrophotometer), antioxidant activities (UV-VIS Spectrophotometer) and secondary metabolite content (High Pressure Liquid Chromatography) of 11 Thymus praecox subspecies were evaluated. The most detected chemical class were oxygenated monoterpenes (55.18–86.1 %) in investigated samples. In the present study rosmarinic acid, isoquercitrin, gallocatechin and thymol could be detected in high amounts. The min. and max. content values of Flora/Field Samples were 1543.241 and 890.3-1425.3 for rosmarinic acid, 139.44-287.894 and 129.9-312.2 for thymol, 38.619-121.424 and 26.3-112.9 for gallocatechin as mg/g DW. Principal Component Analysis was used to differentiate Thymus praecox species regarding volatile oil composition and secondary metabolite content. The results demonstrated that T. praecox collected from the Rize flora and cultivated afterwards showed variability based on investigated characteristics. Finally, the Thymus praecox samples displaying high bioactive compounds present useful information for further investigations and applications.     

Phytochemical and Cytogenetic Study of Two Centaurea Species from Croatia: the Particular Case of Diploid and Tetraploid C. salonitana

Natural wild populations of C. rupestris and C. salonitana were studied to determine possible relationships between the volatile oil (VO) composition and ploidy level. The chemical composition of the volatile oil was investigated using the GC/MS technique. The predominant components of the VO of diploid and tetraploid C. salonitana were hexadecanoic acid and α-linoleic acids, while in C. rupestris they were germacrene D and β-caryophyllene in one population and heptacosane and germacrene D, in another. The nuclear DNA amounts (2 C DNA), determined by flow cytometry, were 3.54 pg for C. rupestris, 3.39 pg for the diploid and 6.79 pg for the tetraploid population of C. salonitana. Evidence that the degree of ploidy solely influences the chemical composition of the essential oil of C. salonitana was not found. The results presented are the first data to be reported on the DNA content of the studied Centaurea populations from Croatia, as well as on the chemical composition of C. salonitana volatile oil.     

气质联用结合多变量分析研究蜂蜜的挥发性成分

为探究不同蜜源蜂蜜中的挥发性标记物并籍以对这些蜂蜜进行有效区分,本研究优化了静态顶空气相色谱-质谱联用技术(SHS-GC-MS)检测蜂蜜中挥发性化合物的方法,采用此方法分析了油菜蜜、椴树蜜、荆条蜜和洋槐蜜等4种蜂蜜总计38份样品的挥发性成分,并结合主成分分析(PCA)和聚类分析(CA)等对蜂蜜进行区分。研究结果表明,采用SHS-GC-MS共检测到23种化合物。4种蜂蜜的挥发性成分在物质种类或含量上存在明显差异,其中3-苯丙酸乙酯可作为油菜蜜的典型挥发性代谢物质;1-异丙烯基-3-甲基苯和反式玫瑰醚可作为椴树蜜的典型挥发性代谢物质;在荆条蜜和洋槐蜜中均未发现典型挥发性代谢物质。PCA可以将4种蜂蜜进行很好地区分,PC1、PC2和PC3累计贡献率达到77.3%,表明模型有效;当临界值取10时,CA可以将同种蜂蜜聚为一类。SHS-GC-MS检测的蜂蜜挥发性成分结果结合多变量分析,可用于区分不同蜜源蜂蜜。研究结果为蜂蜜溯源和鉴别提供了理论依据。     

Chemical and Genetic Discrimination of Cistanches Herba Based on UPLC-QTOF/MS and DNA Barcoding

Cistanches Herba (Rou Cong Rong), known as “Ginseng of the desert”, has a striking curative effect on strength and nourishment, especially in kidney reinforcement to strengthen yang. However, the two plant origins of Cistanches Herba, Cistanche deserticola and Cistanche tubulosa, vary in terms of pharmacological action and chemical components. To discriminate the plant origin of Cistanches Herba, a combined method system of chemical and genetic –UPLC-QTOF/MS technology and DNA barcoding–were firstly employed in this study. The results indicated that three potential marker compounds (isomer of campneoside II, cistanoside C, and cistanoside A) were obtained to discriminate the two origins by PCA and OPLS-DA analyses. DNA barcoding enabled to differentiate two origins accurately. NJ tree showed that two origins clustered into two clades. Our findings demonstrate that the two origins of Cistanches Herba possess different chemical compositions and genetic variation. This is the first reported evaluation of two origins of Cistanches Herba, and the finding will facilitate quality control and its clinical application.     

北细辛超临界萃取物挥发性成分的GC-MS分析

采用超临界流体萃取法(SFE)和水蒸气蒸馏法分别对北细辛根及根茎进行提取分离,分别得5.5%SFE萃取物和2.8%挥发油。应用GC-MS分析,从北细辛SFE萃取物中鉴定出7种化学成分,占萃取物总量的72.70%,其中甲基丁香酚为44.62%;从细辛挥发油中鉴定出19种化学成分,占挥发油总量的88.53%,其中甲基丁香酚为43.02%。两种方法有6种成分完全相同,其中致癌物质黄樟油素SFE法比蒸馏法低2.8倍。北细辛根及根茎超临界萃取物与水蒸汽蒸馏挥发油主要成分相同,但其化学组成存在较大差异,提示药效亦不相同。超临界流体萃取法是剂型改革的有效方法之一。