均匀设计法优化黄芩愈伤组织培养基

目的:优化黄芩愈伤组织培养条件。方法:采用均匀设计法,以黄芩甙含量为主要考察指标,对黄芩愈伤组织生长的MS培养基成分进行多因素多水平考察。结果:最佳培养基为MS附加0.25mg/L NAA、0.5mg/L 6-BA、17g/L葡萄糖和35g/L蔗糖。最佳培养基黄芩甙含量为27.44mg/gDW。结论:用均匀设计法优化愈伤组织培养基省时、方便,且最佳培养基黄芩甙含量与预测值相近,且明显高于均匀设计实验方案中的黄芩甙含量。经SAS软件分析得出的优化方程拟合度很好。     

高产莪术细胞悬浮系建立及产物前体对挥发油合成的调控研究

研究了高产莪术细胞悬浮系培养的条件及前体物质添加对挥发油合成的调控.结果表明淡黄色颗粒状愈伤组织是建立高产细胞悬浮系的最佳供试愈伤组织;最佳培养基成分是MS培养基添加葡萄糖与蔗糖各15-30g/L(11),氮源为NH+4和NO-3,比例为13,总量为80mmol/L;激素组合为6-BA 3.0-5.0 mg/L、2,4-D 1.0 mg/L;光下培养10-15天再转入优化条件下的暗培养,可形成稳定的高产细胞悬浮系;其细胞周期中的最大细胞生长量及挥发油含量分别是248g/L和2.28%;前体物质泛酸钙、乙酸铵、乙酸钾的添加均可有效提高培养细胞合成挥发油的百分含量,其中乙酸铵最有效,在指数生长中期添加0.5mmol/L乙酸铵,挥发油的最高含量可达3.11%,产量为8.27g/L,分别是添加前的1.25倍及1.2倍.     

高产莪术细胞悬浮系建立及产物前体对挥发油合成的调控研究

研究了高产莪术细胞悬浮系培养的条件及前体物质添加对挥发油合成的调控。结果表明：淡黄色颗粒状愈伤组织是建立高产细胞悬浮系的最佳供试愈伤组织;最佳培养基成分是MS培养基添加葡萄糖与蔗糖各15—30g／L(1：1),氮源为NH4^ 和NO3^-,比例为1：3,总量为80mmol／L;激素组合为6-BA3．0—5．0mg／L、2,4-D1．0mg／L;光下培养10—15天再转入优化条件下的暗培养,可形成稳定的高产细胞悬浮系;其细胞周期中的最大细胞生长量及挥发油含量分别是248g／L和2．28％;前体物质泛酸钙、乙酸铵、乙酸钾的添加均可有效提高培养细胞合成挥发油的百分含量,其中乙酸铵最有效,在指数生长中期添加0．5mmol／L乙酸铵,挥发油的最高含量可达3．11％,产量为8．27g/L,分别是添加前的1.25倍及1.2倍。     

几种影响黄芩愈伤组织中黄芩苷含量的因素

研究碳源、生长调节物质、氮源、磷酸盐以及有机添加物对黄芩愈伤组织中黄芩苷含量和产量影响的结果表明,在(25±1)℃暗培养条件下,黄芩苷积累的最佳培养基为MS基本培养基,其中氮源浓度为60mmol·L-1(NH4+:NO3-为1:1),KH2PO4浓度为1.5mmol·L-1,附加80g·L-1蔗糖、0.3mg·L-1IAA、2mg·L-16-BA和200mg·L-1蛋白胨。在上述培养基中,黄芩愈伤组织培养40d后的黄芩苷含量达到167.4mg·g-1,产量达到4.8g·L-1,分别是对照的5.54倍和18.2倍。     

提取工艺和植物生长调节剂对罗布麻愈伤组织中黄酮含量的影响

以罗布麻愈伤组织粉末为材,在单因素实验的基础上,利用响应曲面法对罗布麻愈伤组织中黄酮的提取工艺进行优化。响应曲面分析结果表明,提取试剂和提取温度对提取的黄酮含量存在显著影响。通过响应曲面分析得到罗布麻愈伤组织中黄酮提取的最佳条件为:提取试剂为70%甲醇,物料比1∶40,提取时间为4 h,提取温度为70℃。培养并比较了30种不同植物生长调节剂浓度与配比诱导100 d生长的愈伤组织中黄酮的含量,结果得出MB+KT(1.0 mg/L)+NAA(0.2 mg/L)上培养约100 d的愈伤组织中黄酮含量最高,为73.90mg/g。测定愈伤组织培养30 d内黄酮的积累动态,探明从培养的愈伤组织提取黄酮的最佳时段。通过优化提取工艺和筛选最佳植物生长调节剂浓度与配比,运用组织培养技术提高了罗布麻愈伤组织中黄酮含量。     

黄芩愈伤组织诱导条件的研究

为寻求诱导黄芩愈伤组织的最佳培养条件和激素配比,以黄芩的子叶、真叶和下胚轴为外植体,利用不同激素组合的MS培养基分别在黑暗和光照条件下诱导愈伤组织。结果表明：①在黑暗条件下各激素处理的愈伤组织诱导率和愈伤组织增重均高于光照条件下,而褐化率低于各处理,并且诱导出的愈伤组织较光照下松散,适合于细胞培养;②M6培养基其褐化率为0,诱导率高达100％,愈伤组织增重2．22g,明显优于其它激素配比,是黄芩愈伤组织诱导的最佳激素配比;③各种激素配比处理下,黄芩真叶愈伤组织的愈伤组织增重明显高于子叶和下胚轴。而褐化率却明显低于它们,因此真叶是黄芩诱导愈伤组织的最佳外植体。     

木那格葡萄快速繁殖及愈伤组织的诱导和继代

研究了木那格葡萄快速繁殖并确定了木那格葡萄愈伤组织诱导和继代的适宜条件。将木那格葡萄种子无菌处理,获得无菌幼苗,以单芽茎段为外植体,对木那格葡萄快速繁殖条件进行优化;以叶片为外植体,确定愈伤组织诱导和继代的适宜条件。结果表明：使用70%乙醇灭菌30s,0．1%升汞灭菌3min,使用浸湿的滤纸培养,适宜木那格葡萄种子萌发,萌发率为70%;适宜单芽茎段不定芽再生的培养基为B5 6-BA 0．05mg/L IBA 0．3mg/L 蔗糖30g/L,不定芽增殖倍数为1．25;适宜不定芽生根的培养基为B5 IBA 0．2mg/L 蔗糖30g/L,平均单芽生根数为5．09,平均根长2．97cm;适宜愈伤诱导的培养基为B5 6-BA1．5mg/ L NAA 0．2mg/L 蔗糖30g/L,愈伤诱导率为100%;适宜愈伤继代的培养基为B5 6-BA 1mg/L 2,4-D 0．1mg/L 蔗糖30g/L。     

油菜愈伤组织中烯丙基硫苷的积累和某些外源碳氮化合物对其含量的影响

油菜愈伤组织在培养中生长34d的增殖量最大,增殖倍数为7．08倍,烯丙基硫苷的含量在第6天最高;外源L-缬氨酸明显促进烯丙基硫苷的积累,其浓度为2和4mmol·L^-1时烯丙基硫苷含量分别达到98．5和97．40mg·g^-1（DW）;蔗糖最有利于油菜愈伤组织的生长和其中烯丙基硫苷的积累,浓度以30g·L^-1。的蔗糖为最佳。     

小麦成熟胚愈伤组织诱导及分化研究

以2个小麦品种成熟胚为外植体进行离体培养,研究了不同预处理、不同2,4-D浓度及与KT组合、不同蔗糖浓度等因素对愈伤组织诱导及分化的影响。结果表明:4℃低温预处理可提高愈伤组织的出愈率及再生苗率,2个材料的出愈率及再生苗率均达到90%和30%以上;在不同预处理条件下,2,4-D浓度对出愈率及再生苗率的影响与基因型有关,2,4-D浓度为1~2 mg/L更有利于愈伤组织诱导及分化;附加KT能缓解高浓度2,4-D对再生苗率的抑制作用,而对于在1、2 mg/L 2,4-D的培养基中附加KT则不表现这种作用;蔗糖浓度则在30 g/L条件下更有利于愈伤组织诱导。因此通过4℃低温预处理,在MS基本培养基中附加1~2mg/L 2,4-D及30 g/L蔗糖亦可促进小麦成熟胚愈伤组织的诱导和分化。     

野葛块根脱分化与再分化相关因子研究

采用正交试验、单因子试验和植物组织培养方法,探讨几种因子对野葛块根组织脱分化与再分化的影响。结果表明,野葛块根愈伤组织诱导的最佳培养基为MS+NAA 0.5mg/L+6-BA 1.0mg/L+2,4-D 2.0mg/L,暗培养更有利于愈伤组织的诱导;野葛块根愈伤组织的最佳出芽培养基为MS+NAA 0.5mg/L+6-BA 3.0mg/L或MS+NAA 0.5mg/L+KT 2.0mg/L,光照培养更有利于愈伤组织芽的再分化;野葛块根愈伤组织再生芽生根最佳培养基为MS+NAA 0.5mg/L+PP₃₃₃ 3.0mg/L+蔗糖30g/L;PP₃₃₃ 3.0mg/L和蛭石:珍珠岩(2:1)基质能显著提高再生苗的移栽成活率。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.