酵母产γ-氨基丁酸发酵条件的研究

目的：研究酵母产γ-氨基丁酸的发酵条件,提高其产γ-氨基丁酸的能力。方法：以高产γ-氨基丁酸的酵母突变株为材料,通过单因素实验研究培养温度、摇床转速、接种量、种龄和培养时间等条件对菌株发酵生产γ-氨基丁酸的影响。结果：最适发酵条件为：培养温度30℃,摇床转速220 rpm,接种量4%,种龄为2d的种子菌,培养时间4d。在此发酵条件下,变异菌发酵液中γ-氨基丁酸含量高达2.588 g.L-1,较优化前提高了53%。结论：发酵条件的优化,提高了菌株产γ-氨基丁酸的能力。     

酵母产γ-氨基丁酸发酵培养基的优化

目的:提高酵母产γ-氨基丁酸的能力。方法:采用单因素及正交设计实验对酵母产γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)的培养基进行优化。结果:确定最适碳源为葡萄糖,最佳氮源为蛋白胨和硫酸铵复合氮源,合适的无机盐为KH2PO4;最佳发酵培养基为3%葡萄糖,3%蛋白胨,0.3%(NH4)2SO4和0.1%KH2PO4。在此培养条件下,摇瓶发酵可以获得1.690g.L-1的GABA产量。结论:发酵培养基的优化,提高了菌株产γ-氨基丁酸的能力。     

中华稻蝗内生菌SDLH抑菌物质发酵条件优化

目的:作者实验室前期分离到的一株中华稻蝗内生菌SDLH,可产生对金黄色葡萄球菌具强烈抑制作用的的活性物质,本文对该菌株产生抑菌活性物质的发酵条件进行探索,以期得到最优化发酵条件,提高抑菌活性物质的产量.方法:采用正交实验及回归分析方法寻求最佳发酵培养基组成成分和优化pH、温度、接种量、种龄、装液量、转速等发酵条件.结果:最佳发酵培养基组成为:α-乳糖2.00g,胰蛋白胨12.00g,酵母膏5.00g,NaCl 3.50g,K2HPO4 3.68g,KH2PO4 1.32g,dH2O 1000mL,pH7.0.培养条件为pH6.8,温度30℃,接种量10%,种龄24h,250mL三角瓶装液量100mL,摇床转速150r/min.结论:得到了该菌株产生抑菌物质的最优发酵条件,为下一步规模发酵提供了基础数据.     

5′-磷酸二酯酶高产菌株的选育和发酵培养条件的优化

以ATCC14994为出发菌株,采用紫外线与亚硝基胍相结合的多次诱变育种,获得1株5′-磷酸二酯酶高产菌株HAT2228.通过单因子和正交试验对该菌株的产酶发酵条件进行了优化,优化发酵产酶条件为:蔗糖5%,酵母膏0 3%,蛋白胨0.3%,K2HPO4 0.8%,KH2PO40.8%,MgSO4 0.2%,ZnSO4 0.2%,培养基起始pH6 0,接种量10%,培养温度30℃,摇床转速120r/min,发酵时间48h.在优化条件下,HAT2228的产酶水平达1 329u/ml.     

酵母产γ-氨基丁酸发酵培养基的优化

目的：提高酵母产γ-氨基丁酸的能力。方法：采用单因素及正交设计实验对酵母产γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）的培养基进行优化。结果：确定最适碳源为葡萄糖,最佳氮源为蛋白胨和硫酸铵复合氮源,合适的无机盐为KH2PO4;最佳发酵培养基为3%葡萄糖,3%蛋白胨,0.3%（NH4）2SO4和0.1%KH2PO4。在此培养条件下,摇瓶发酵可以获得1.690g.L-1的GABA产量。结论：发酵培养基的优化,提高了菌株产γ-氨基丁酸的能力。     

海洋红酵母的液体培养

目的探讨提高海洋红酵母的液体高密度培养方法。方法在摇瓶培养条件下,测定温度、pH、装液量、接种量及摇床转速对海洋红酵母BY2菌株生长的影响,进一步放大培养至50L发酵罐,在培养过程流加氨水以控制pH稳定在5.3~5.5的条件下,考察不同葡萄糖浓度对海洋红酵母BY2菌株发酵菌量的影响。结果摇瓶最适培养条件为温度25℃,pH 5.5,接种量8%、装液量40mL/250mL三角瓶、摇床转速200r/min,在此培养条件下,24h时菌量达到8.9×108 CFU/mL;扩大至50L发酵罐,葡萄糖初始浓度为40、60、80、100g/L各罐20~24h时的菌量相应达到26.6×108、29.5×108、47.8×108、66.8×108 CFU/mL。结论提高初始葡萄糖浓度,流加氨水稳定发酵过程的pH,可以显著提高BY2菌株的发酵菌量。     

5′—磷酸二酯酶高产菌株的选育和发酵培养条件的优点

以ATCC14994为出发菌株,采用紫外线与亚硝基胍相结合的多次诱变育种,获得1株5′-磷酸二酯酶高产菌株HAT2228.通过单因子和正交试验对该菌株的产酶发酵条件进行了优化,优化发酵产酶条件为蔗糖5%,酵母膏0 3%,蛋白胨0.3%,K2HPO4 0.8%,KH2PO40.8%,MgSO4 0.2%,ZnSO4 0.2%,培养基起始pH6 0,接种量10%,培养温度30℃,摇床转速120r/min,发酵时间48h.在优化条件下,HAT2228的产酶水平达1 329u/ml.     

氯苯降解菌的筛选及降解条件研究

从活性污泥中筛选到一株具有降解氯苯功能的菌株JH02,依据菌落特征形态和生理生化反应鉴定该菌株属于链球菌属(Streptococcus)。分别考察培养温度、培养时间、氯苯浓度、pH值、菌悬液接种量及摇床转速等因素对菌株降解性能的影响。确定菌株StreptococcusJH02的对氯苯的最适降解条件为:培养温度为37℃,培养时间24 h,菌悬液接种量体积分数为4%,pH8.0,摇床转速140 r.min-1,此条件下氯苯的降解率可达94.7%。     

产谷胱甘肽昆虫共生酵母菌的筛选、鉴定和培养条件优化

从水黾肠道中分离并筛选到1株产还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)的酵母菌株SM3,经初步鉴定为Candida carpophila菌。通过正交实验优化菌株产GSH的最佳培养基成分:3%蔗糖为碳源,0.2%(NH4)2SO4为无机氮源,0.8%酵母浸粉为有机氮源,K2SO40.3%,KH2PO40.6%,MgSO40.15%。单因素实验表明其较佳培养条件为:接种量15%,培养时间36 h,摇床转速200 r/min,温度32℃,pH 6.0,装液量为20/250 mL。优化后GSH产量可达159.35 mg/L,较优化前提高了105.27%。     

一株纤溶酶高产菌株的发酵特性研究

筛选了一株产纤溶酶能力较强的芽孢细菌,本文对其液体发酵条件进行了优化,结果表明菌株产酶最佳条件为:可溶性淀粉4%,蛋白胨2%,柠檬酸铁铵0.1%,磷酸钙0.4%,接种量2%,pH 7.5,发酵时间96 h,装瓶量75/500(mL/mL),摇床温度37℃,转速150 rpm,在该条件下产酶酶活可达581.81 IU/mL。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.