人胚胎干细胞支原体感染的检测和控制

目的：优化检测人胚胎干细胞支原体感染的方法,寻找控制支原体感染的途径。方法：利用hoeshest33258染色检测感染支原体的人胚胎干细胞,接触感染培养基的人胚胎成纤维细胞,比较两种方法检测效果;利用RNApolymeraseⅡ作为新的鉴定指标,直接检测感染支原体的人胚胎干细胞;利用抗支原体药物对感染细胞进行处理,检测处理后细胞的感染状态。结果：hoechest33258染色后,受支原体感染人胚胎干细胞检测效果不明显,接触感染培养基的人胚胎成纤维细胞在培养7天后有拉丝状染色分布;RNApolymeraseⅡ染色则能直接检测出受感染的人胚胎干细胞表面粘附的支原体;利用抗支原体药物Plasmocin对感染细胞进行处理后hoechest33258拉丝状染色基本消失,但持续培养后重新出现。结论：间接法使用hoechest33258染色或者直接利用RNApolymeraseⅡ染色都能够很好地检测人胚胎干细胞培养过程中的支原体感染。抗支原体药物Plasmocin能够有效减轻支原体感染情况,但是不能完全杀灭支原体。     

人胚胎干细胞传代培养及细胞化学染色特性

目的 体外建立人胚胎干细胞传代培养方法,研究人胚胎干细胞细胞化学染色特性.方法 以小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞作为饲养层传代培养人胚胎干细胞,检测人胚胎干细胞、自发分化克隆及拟胚体的细胞化学染色特性.结果 人胚胎干细胞在小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞饲养层上传30代以上其形态保持不变;人胚胎十细胞碱性磷酸酶、过碘酸-雪夫反应、α-醋酸萘酚酯酶染色阳性,自发分化克隆细胞阳性程度明显减弱;人胚胎干细胞形成的拟胚体碱性磷酸酶染色弱阳性,过碘酸-雪夫反应、α-醋酸萘酚酯酶染色阳性.结论 小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞能支持人胚胎干细胞传代培养,细胞化学染色结果能初步鉴别人胚胎干细胞未分化特性.     

小鼠胚胎干细胞的培养

目的:建立小鼠胚胎干细胞(embryonic stem cells,ES)的培养方法。方法:制备G418抗性的原代小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞,经丝裂霉素C处理后成滋养层细胞,将小鼠胚胎干细胞复苏后,应用含白血病抑制因子的ES细胞培养液,培养小鼠ES细胞,观察集落的生长情况,并在光镜下观察细胞形态。结果:小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞生长良好,ES细胞呈克隆状生长,且保持未分化状态。结论:建立了小鼠胚胎干细胞培养的有效方法,为下一步基因打靶奠定基础。     

大鼠胚胎后肾间充质细胞的分离、培养及鉴定

分离、培养大鼠胚胎后肾间充质细胞(MMCS),取孕13d大鼠胚胎,分离胚胎肾脏,去除输尿管芽,消化后置37℃、5%CO2、饱和湿度的培养箱中培养.倒置相差显微镜下观察培养细胞,并行HE染色、电镜观察、生长曲线测定;ABC免疫酶染色法检测波形蛋白、角蛋白、nestin、CD133、CD34;直接免疫荧光法检测双花扁豆凝集素(Dolichos Biflorus,DB),并流式细胞术定量检测.MMCS形态为成纤维细胞样,贴壁生长,48～72h达生长高峰;波形蛋白、nestin、CD133表达阳性;角蛋白、CD34、DB表达阴性;MMCS以DB标记后流式细胞检测为单峰.结果表明:培养细胞为后肾间充质细胞,纯度较高并符合干细胞特征.     

不同饲养层对鸡胚胎干细胞培养效果的影响

目的:为探索鸡胚胎干细胞培养的优化条件,比较不同饲养层对鸡胚胎干细胞离体培养的效果。方法:用传至第2代的鸡胚成纤维细胞与鸭胚成纤维细胞,经丝裂霉素处理后制作饲养层,比较这2种饲养层以及不用饲养层对鸡胚胎干细胞离体培养效果的影响。结果:在以鸡胚成纤维细胞和鸭胚成纤维细胞作为饲养层的培养体系中,鸡胚胎干细胞均可保持良好的生长状态,而且2种饲养层对鸡胚胎干细胞克隆形成的影响差异不显著(P0.05)。结论:鸡胚成纤维细胞和鸭胚成纤维细胞均可作为较好的饲养层细胞用于鸡胚胎干细胞的离体培养。     

一种新的人胚胎干细胞无饲养层培养方法的建立

目的:以转染碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)的人胎肝基质细胞株(FLSC)培养人胚胎干细胞(hESC),寻找更加安全、有效的体外培养扩增方法。方法:通过ELISA方法定量检测转基因的人FLSC条件培养基中bFGF的分泌量;以商业化的mTeSR1无血清无饲养层培养基、常规小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞(MEF)条件培养基,以及转染bFGF的人FLSC条件培养基(bFGF/FLSC-CM)分别培养扩增H9细胞。通过观察hESC形态、免疫荧光染色、流式细胞检测及RT-PCR,检测hESC全能性标志物的表达。结果:ELISA方法检测bFGF/FLSC-CM中bFGF因子的分泌量为(770.09±17.28)pg/mL,而MEF-CM中bFGF因子的分泌量为(55.59±0.61)pg/mL,两者存在显著差异(P0.01);在3种培养体系下,免疫荧光检测hESC全能性标志Oct-4、Tra-1-81抗体的表达均呈阳性,流式检测细胞表面阶段特异性胚胎抗原4(SSEA-4)抗体阳性细胞的比例均在99%左右;RT-PCR检测到hESC特异的转录因子Oct-4、Nanog、Sox-2的表达。结论:以转染bFGF的人FLSC条件培养基可以有效扩增hESC,可为临床应用提供一种安全、高效、低成本的无饲养层培养方法。     

血管外膜成纤维细胞诱导BMSCs向平滑肌细胞定向分化

观察大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,BMSCs)与血管外膜成纤维细胞(ad-ventitial fibroblasts,AF)直接接触培养后,BMSCs向血管成分细胞分化的情况.将BMSCs(DAPI标记)与外膜成纤维细胞按一定的比例混合培养7 d,BMSCs单独培养作对照,显微镜下观察细胞形态变化;用免疫荧光染色检测BMSCs的血管平滑肌细胞表型标志物肌动蛋白(SMα-actin)表达的情况;RT-PCR检测SMα-actin mRNA表达的情况.BMSCs与血管外膜成纤维细胞共培养后可见细胞核蓝染的BMSCs与SMα-actin表达阳性(红色)的双标细胞出现,且随培养时间的延长,BMSCs的SMα-actin表达阳性率增高.结果可见:与血管外膜成纤维细胞直接接触有诱导BMSCs向血管平滑肌细胞分化的趋势.     

一种新的培养人胚胎干细胞的包被基质

目的开发一种新的培养人胚胎干细胞(hESCs)的包被基质,使hESCs的培养更加简便。方法用甲醇固定的小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞(MEF)作为包被基质,人胚胎干细胞系X-01在该基质上生长,每隔5~6 d传代一次,培养10代后,对人胚胎干细胞特性进行检测,包括细胞形态、碱性磷酸酶染色、相关多能性基因的表达和分化能力。结果 hESCs在新的基质上生长良好,经10次传代后仍能保持典型的hESCs克隆形态。碱性磷酸酶染色阳性,免疫荧光染色Oct4、SSEA4、Tra-1-60为阳性,体外分化可形成拟胚体。结论此种固定的基质可以大量制备,长期保存,并可以长期维持hESCs的未分化状态,为人胚胎干细胞的体外扩增探索出了一个新的途径。     

EPO工程细胞株支原体检测

支原体污染是细胞培养过程中最常见的问题之一,对细胞支原体的检测是细胞特性鉴定的重要方面。我们采用抗支原体单抗免疫荧光法和培养法(包括液体培养法和固体培养法)检测工程细胞支原体。单抗免疫荧光法检测结果表明:支原体阳性的细胞膜表面有明亮荧光,工程细胞EPO C_2细胞膜表面无荧光。支原体液体培养法结果显示:作为阳性对照的支原体由于在生长过程中产酸使培养液变黄,而加入EPOC_2株细胞悬液的样品管与阴性对照管相同,无颜色变化。固体培养法结果显示:在显微镜下观察,支原体阳性对照在固体培养基上呈荷包蛋样集落,而阴性对照及EPO C_2株细胞样品均无菌落生长。以上结果表明:受检的EPO C_2株细胞未被支原体污染。     

人脐带间充质干细胞作为维持人胚胎干细胞生长饲养层细胞的研究

目的寻找可以维持人胚胎干细胞未分化生长的人源性细胞作为饲养层细胞,从而解决使用鼠源性细胞作为饲养层带来的安全问题。方法尝试以人脐带间充质干细胞作为饲养层细胞来培养人胚胎干细胞,检验其是否可以维持人胚胎干细胞的未分化生长状态。用胶原酶消化法分离人脐带间充质干细胞,光镜下观察细胞形态;流式细胞仪检测其表面标志;诱导人脐带间充质干细胞向成骨细胞和脂肪细胞进行分化。将人胚胎干细胞系H1接种于丝裂霉素C灭活后的人脐带间充质干细胞上,每隔5d进行一次传代。培养20代后,对人胚胎干细胞特性进行相关检测,包括细胞形态、碱性磷酸酶染色、相关多能性基因的表达、分化能力。结果从人脐带中分离出的间充质干细胞为梭形,呈平行排列生长或漩涡状生长;细胞高表达CD44、CD29、CD73、CD105、CD90、CD86、CD147、CD117,不表达CD14、CD38、CD133、CD34、CD45、HLA-DR;具有分化成脂肪细胞和成骨细胞的潜能。人胚胎干细胞在人脐带间充质干细胞饲养层上培养20代后,继续保持人胚胎干细胞的典型形态,碱性磷酸酶染色为阳性,免疫荧光染色显示OCT4、Nanog、SSEA4、TRA-1-81、TRA-1-60的表达为阳性,SSEA1表达为阴性,体外悬浮培养可以形成拟胚体。结论人脐带间充质干细胞可以作为人胚胎干细胞的饲养层细胞,支持其生长,并维持其未分化生长状态。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.