乳腺增生病的治疗现状

乳腺增生病是最常见的乳房疾病,发病率高,占全部乳房病的75%。目前,其治疗方面,单用中药治疗虽疗效肯定,但起效较慢,如单用西药治疗虽起效快,但作用难于持续,长期服用毒副反应多,复发率较高。目前在临床上对乳腺增生病尚无疗效肯定、起效快、毒副作用小的治疗方法,本文就当前乳腺增生病的治疗及临床应用进行概括。     

腋部多汗症的临床诊断与治疗进展

腋部多汗症(axillary hyperhidrosis)是临床常见病,多见于青少年,虽对健康不产生严重危害,但对患者的社会交往和日常生活产生较大影响.目前对于该病的治疗方法较多,疗效各异.A型肉毒毒素局部注射治疗腋部多汗症临床操作简捷,起效快,不影响日常生活,是一种安全、有效的治疗方法.本文对A型肉毒毒素局部注射治疗腋部多汗症的研究进展作一综述.     

逍遥散加减治疗乳腺增生病80例疗效观察

乳腺增生病占乳腺疾病发病率的75%,发病年龄在25～45岁.笔者采用中医辨证,予逍遥散加减治疗乳腺增生病,取得了满意疗效,现报告如下.     

末端病基础研究和临床治疗的国内外研究现状

末端病是运动损伤中常见的一种慢性疾病.在运动员中发病率尤高,治疗困难,严重影响运动员的训练和运动成绩的提高.甚至缩短运动寿命.近年来,在末端病研究方面虽然已取得了一些突出成就,对末端区的解剖结构及病理变化的研究比较透彻,大部分学者已达成共识.但对末端病的病因、发病机制还了解较少,临床治疗也多为非手术疗法,疗效大多不肯定,并缺乏系统的机理研究;手术治疗虽见效快,但都不同程度地存在负面影响.预防和治疗仍感到是一个棘手的问题.因此,目前尚需运用组织学、细胞学、酶化学和生物力学等多学科相结合的方法,进一步完善末端病的病因病理及发病机制等基础研究和加强临床治疗的作用机理研究,从而研制出疗效肯定的损伤预防和临床治疗方法.本文通过阅读近年来有关末端病的研究报道.对末端病的基础研究和临床治疗的国内外研究现状做一综述,以期为今后该方面的研究提供方向.     

消乳散结胶囊治疗兔乳腺增生的实验研究

目的:观察消乳散结胶囊(XRSJ)在治疗兔乳腺增生中的作用,探讨其治病机理。方法:将90只日本大耳兔随机分为6组,分别为XRSJ高、中、低剂量组,逍遥丸组,模型和正常对照组,每组15只,前5组用肌内注射己烯雌酚、黄体酮1个月建立兔乳腺增生模型。造模完成后,行XRSJ灌胃给药,分别取XRSJ给药前、XRSJ给药3个月后及XRSJ停药3个月后作为3个时间观测点。观察乳房高度变化;乳腺光、电镜形态学变化;放射免疫法监测血清雌激素水平。结果:与治疗前及模型对照组相比,中、高剂量XRSJ治疗能明显降低乳房高度(P<0.05);降低增生乳腺小叶腺泡数目、导管腺上皮细胞层数、结缔组织和毛细血管数量(P<0.05);减少乳腺上皮细胞胞质内线立体、高尔基体、粗面内质网数量(P<0.05),使部分增生细胞调亡;显著降低血清雌二醇(E2)含量(P<0.01),停药3个月后治疗效果稳定无反弹。结论:XRSJ治疗具有减轻乳腺组织增生病变、降低E2水平、对兔乳腺增生具有显著的治疗作用。     

皮下乳腺切除术治疗乳腺增生伴癌症临床分析

目的:探讨皮下乳腺切除术治疗乳腺增生伴癌症的临床疗效和预后分析。方法:随机选取2009年1月至2012年2月在我院就诊乳腺增生伴癌症女性患者68例,均为已婚已育女性,随机分为观察组和对照组,观察组35例给予乳房切除术治疗,对照组33例给予药物保守治疗,观察并比较两组的临床疗效、美容效果和预后情况。结果:观察组临床有效率高达88.57%,显著高于对照组(66.67%)(P<0.05);观察组美容效果良好率为74.29%显著高于对照组(30.30%)(P<0.01);观察组局部复发率、再住院率和死亡率均低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:乳腺切除术治疗乳腺增生伴癌症不但安全性高、操作简便、疗效显著、预后好,而且能满足形体要求又能保留其乳腺功能,值得临床进一步的推广和研究。     

基于数据挖掘和网络药理学探究海洋中药治疗乳腺增生的用药规律及作用机制

基于数据挖掘、网络药理学及动物实验,挖掘含海洋中药的授权专利组方治疗乳腺增生的用药规律、探究核心药组治疗乳腺增生的作用机制。搜集1993年至2022年间治疗乳腺增生的授权复方专利文献,其中含海洋中药的专利组方有157首。组方中高频海洋中药有牡蛎、海藻、昆布等,高频非海洋中药有柴胡、当归、夏枯草等;高频药物可聚为三类;关联规则分析获得的核心药组为柴胡-牡蛎-当归。网络药理学分析显示柴胡-牡蛎-当归药组治疗乳腺增生的核心靶点有TP53、AKT1、ALB、ESR1;核心成分有槲皮素、山柰酚、异鼠李素、β-谷甾醇;核心药组治疗乳腺增生与P13K-ATK信号通路关系密切。分子对接结果显示核心药组中的核心成分与核心靶点对接良好,动物实验表明核心药组能有效改善乳房形态,抑制乳腺增生。本研究初步揭示海洋中药治疗乳腺增生的用药规律及机制,为海洋中药治疗乳腺增生作用机制的深入研究奠定基础,同时为相关专利的申请提供参考。     

蛹虫草菌丝体多糖对乳腺增生患者ER 和PR 表达的影响

目的:探究蛹虫草菌丝体多糖对良性乳腺增生患者增生乳腺组织中雌激素受体(ER)、孕激素受体(PR)表达的影响。方法:选取我院收治的良性乳腺增生患者50例,行随机数字表法随机分为两组,其中对照组行乳癖消临床常规治疗;实验组在乳癖消治疗基础上加用蛹虫草菌丝体多糖联合治疗,检测和比较两组患者治疗前后增生乳腺组织中ER和PR表达的变化情况。结果:治疗后,两组患者增生乳腺组织中ER和PR表达均明显低于对照组,且实验组显著低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:蛹虫草菌丝体多糖能有效抑制良性乳腺增生症患者增生乳腺组织中ER、PR是表达,为临床治疗良性乳腺增生症提供了新的思路和方法,值得临床应用和推广。     

青龙肠溶胶囊治疗乳腺增生病30例报告

青龙肠溶胶囊治疗乳腺增生病３０例报告廊坊市安次区第四医院郭榜林,王世清,张玉坤乳腺囊性增生病属非炎症,亦非肿瘤,而是乳腺导管和小叶在结构上的退行性和进行性病变。我院根据祖国医学辨证论治理论采用口服青龙肠溶胶囊治疗本病３０例,效果满意,报告如下：３０例...     

乳腺增生病动物模型的实验研究

目的探索建立与人类乳腺增生病相类似动物模型的最佳方法。方法采用手术、己烯雌酚、黄体酮处理动物。检测血液中雌二醇(E2)、黄体酮(P)、促卵泡生成激素(FSH)、促黄体生成激素(LH)水平;乳腺组织作组织形态学观察与评价。结果与对照组比较,各实验组动物的乳腺组织切片均有典型的乳腺增生;血清中各激素的水平也有不同的变化。结论采用“己烯雌酚 黄体酮”方法,以家兔为实验对象,建立乳腺增生病的动物模型是目前最好的方法。     

The horseradish tree,Moringa pterygosperma (Moringaceae)—A boon to Arid Lands?

The horseradish tree (Moringa pterygosperma,) is being introduced into drought-ridden lands to augment the local food and fodder supply. The tree grows up to 5 m per year. The foliage is high in calcium and has half the oxalates of amaranth. Seeds yield edible oil and the seed meal is used as fertilizer and as a coagulant to clarify turbid water. The philanthropic center, ECHO (Educational Concerns for Hunger Organization), North Fort Myers, Florida, receives many requests for seeds. A missionary in Mali wrote: “The seeds you sent arrived during the worst year of 14 years of dry weather. Only the moringa survived, and they have flourished. ”Another seed shipment resulted, after harvesting a crop, in 25 000 trees being planted by university students and faculty, around laborers’ houses in Maranhao, Brazil. The tree is not limited to tropical lowlands, but thrives at elevations of 800-1200 m in protected mountain areas of southern Mexico. The long-range effects of ingesting various parts of the tree as food or folkmedicine need study. Attention should be given to horticultural improvement, perhaps through hybridization with one or more related species now being compared with M. pterygosperma in India and Africa. ХРеНовое дерево, Moringa pterygosperma F. Gaertn. (Moringaceae), Дар сыхим землям. Хреновое дерево, Moringa pterygosperma, вводится в бездождивые землии чтоб умножить местное снабжение пищи и корма. Дерево растет до 5 метров в год. Листья содержат много кальцию и половину щавелев по сравнени#x044E; с амарантом. Семя дают съедобное масло и семеная мука употребляется как одобрение и как коагулант для очищение мутной воды. Филантропический цэнтэр ECHO (Educational Concern for Hunger Organization, North Fort Myers, Florida) полужает мното просьб чтоб получить семя. Один миссионер из Мали писал “Семя которые вы послали, прибыли в самый сухой год за 14 лет сухой погоды. Только моринга пережила и цвела. Другая отправка семен была совершена после получения урожая и 25000 деревьев были посажены студентами и учителями около домов рабочих в Маранхау, Брразилия. Это дерево не ограаничевается тропическим климатом и преуспевает на уровне 800 до 1200 метров в защищенных горных местах южной Мексики.     

Diverging Understandings of Forest Management in Matsutake Science

Diverging Understandings of Forest Management in Matsutake Science. As high-value gourmet mushrooms, the matsutake complex of the genus Tricholoma has been the subject of extensive research. This article reviews two trajectories of matsutake research, showing how distinctive regional nodes may develop within a cosmopolitan modern science. The global center of matsutake research is in Japan, where problems of artificial cultivation and the “orchard-style” enhancement of production under forest conditions stimulate basic research. U.S. Pacific Northwest research forms a contrasting regional node, with a focus on sustainable yields in the context of timber production. Regional differences in research design and results point to the importance of distinctive scientific legacies, in this case formed in relation to divergent histories of forest management. Attention to regional distinctions in the framing of scientific problems is particularly important as scientific frameworks are exported to new places; for example, both Japanese and American forms of matsutake science have been extended to China. 高価なグルメきのこであるマツタケとその近縁種群のTricholoma属は広範囲に渡る科学的研究の対象となってきた。本論では二つの地域特徴的なマツタケ研究の軌跡を概観し、文化的差異を超えて世界的に通用する近代科学においても地域固有の関心に応じて特徴のある知識が結節し発展することを示す。マツタケ研究の世界的な中心地である日本では人工増殖やマツタケを殖やすための「果樹園的」な山林作りへの関心が基礎研究の方向性に刺激を与えてきた。一方日本とは対照的に、米国北西岸州では木材の持続的産出に主眼をおいた山林管理の流れの中で研究が進んできた。こうした研究計画や結果的に得られる知識の違いは、地域ごとに特徴のある科学的遺産 - 本件の場合は森林管理の歴史が多様に枝分かれしていること - に注目することが重要であることを知らせてくれる。近年日本や米国で発展したマツタケ研究の方法や成果が中国での研究にも影響を与えているが、特に新しい研究の場を広げる場合には科学的な関心、問題がどのような枠組で組み立てられるか地域によって多様であることを考慮することが重要である。     

Genome analysis ofElymus angulatus andE. patagonicus (Poaceae) and their hybrids with N. and S. AmericanHordeum spp.

The results of genome analysis of five hybrids, viz.Elymus patagonicus ×Hordeum procerum, E. patagonicus ×H. tetraploidum, E. angulatus ×H. jubatum, E. angulatus ×H. lechleri, andE. angulatus ×H. parodii, are reported. The genomic constitution ofHordeum tetraploidum andH. jubatum is best given as H₁H₁H₂H₂, ofH. lechleri andH. parodii as H₁H₁H₂H₂H₄H₄, ofH. procerum as H₁H₁H₂H₂H₃H₃, and ofElymus patagonicus andE. angulatus as SSH₁H₁H₂H₂.     

Effect of host plants on the infectivity of nucleopolyhedrovirus to Spodoptera exigua larvae

Previous studies have shown that the infectivity of baculovirus to herbivores is affected by phytochemicals ingested during the acquisition of viral inoculum on the foliage of host plants. Here, we measured the effects of 14 host plant species on the infectivity of Spodoptera exigua nucleopolyhedrovirus (SeNPV) to its larvae. The order of the LD₅₀ values of SeNPV among the host plants was Ipomoea aquatica > Brassica oleracea > Raphanus sativus > Amaranthus tricolor > Spinacia oleracea > Vigna unguiculata > Solanum melongena > Capsicum annuum > Apium graveolens > Allium fistulosum > Lactuca sativa > Brassica chinensis > Zea mays > Glycine max, with 940.1 ± 2.26, 424.0 ± 0.60, 295.2 ± 1.13, 147.3 ± 0.63, 138.6 ± 0.22, 119.9 ± 0.07, 119.8 ± 0.02, 109.2 ± 0.18, 104.8 ± 0.62, 102.1 ± 0.66, 97.9 ± 0.22, 89.9 ± 0.32, 79.0 ± 0.13 and 64.0 ± 0.38 OBs per larva, respectively, and the values of mean time to death of virus‐infected larvae were 6.21 ± 0.11, 7.12 ± 0.10, 7.33 ± 0.21, 6.97 ± 0.02, 7.06 ± 0.01, 7.29 ± 0.03, 7.32 ± 0.05, 7.07 ± 0.08, 7.24 ± 0.11, 7.09 ± 0.13, 7.50 ± 0.06, 7.23 ± 0.01, 7.30 ± 0.02 and 7.19 ± 0.07 days, respectively. The mean time to death of larvae decreased with increasing viral dose, and corrected mortality decreased as the larval mean time to death increased. These findings have significance for understanding the effects of host plants on the infectivity of baculovirus to noctuids.     

Correspondence of environmental tolerances with leaf and branch attributes for six co-occurring species of broadleaf evergreen trees in northern California

 For the angiosperm dominants of northern California’s mixed evergreen forests, this study compares the display of photosynthetic tissue within leaves and along branches, and examines the correspondence between these morphological attributes and the known environmental tolerances of these species. Measurements were made on both sun and shade saplings of six species: Arbutus m e n z i e s i i (Ericaceae), C h r y s o l e p i s c h r y s o p h y l l a (Fagaceae), L i t h o c a r p u s d e n s i f l o r u s (Fagaceae), Quercus c h r y s o l e p i s (Fagaceae), Quercus w i s l i z e n i i (Fagaceae), and Umbellularia c a l i f o r n i c a (Lauraceae). All species had sclerophyllous leaves with thick epidermal walls, but species differed in leaf specific weight, thickness of mesophyll tissues and in the presence of a hypodermis, crystals, secretory idioblasts, epicuticular deposits, and trichomes. The leaves of Arbutus were 2 – 5 times larger than those of C h r y s o l e p i s, L i t h o c a r p u s and Umbellularia and 4 – 10 times larger than those of both Quercus species. Together with differences in branch architecture, these leaf traits divide the species into groups corresponding to environmental tolerances. Shade-tolerant C h r y s o l e p i s, L i t h o c a r p u s, and Umbellularia had longer leaf lifespans and less palisade tissue, leaf area, and crown mass per volume than the intermediate to intolerant Arbutus and Quercus. Having smaller leaves, Quercus branches had more branch mass per leaf area and per palisade volume than other species, whereas Arbutus had less than other species. These differences in display of photosynthetic tissue should contribute to greater growth for Quercus relative to the other species under high light and limited water, for Arbutus under high light and water availability, and for C h r y s o l e p i s, L i t h o c a r p u s, and Umbellularia under limiting light levels. Accepted: 22 March 1996     

Influence de la teneur en oxygène sur la sensibilité de certains stades juvéniles deSitophilus oryzae etS. granarius au dioxyde de carbone

Résumé Certains stades juvéniles de charançons des céréales du genreSitophilus ont été soumis à un séjour prolongé dans des compositions gazeuses modifiées par le dioxyde de carbone (CO₂).Les auteurs se sont placés dans des conditions de teneur en CO₂ constante (50%), associée à des teneurs en oxygène comprises entre 4 et 20%, pour étudier les conditions d'une synergie entre l'effet spécifique du CO₂ et la présence d'une forte teneur résiduelle en oxygène. Les effets ont été observés sur les stades juvéniles les plus évolués (larves et nymphes) des espècesS. oryzae (L.) etS. granarius (L.), (Coleoptera: Curculionidae).L'accroissement de la vitesse de mortalité chezS. oryzae est significative avec l'augmentation de la pression partielle d'oxygène. Cet effet de synergie provoqué par l'oxygène n'est pas significatif avecS. granarius, bien qu'il existe aussi avec cette espèce une tendance à l'amélioration de l'efficacité insecticide à court terme avec les mélanges à forte teneur résiduelle en oxygène.Il en est déduit des hypothèses sur les effets des mélanges gazeux à composition modifiée par le CO₂ au niveau de la physiologie générale de ces insectes, qui est très difficile à appréhender directement à cause du mode de développement des stades juvéniles des charançons (formes cachées dans le grain).     

A new species of Hemibrycon (Characiformes,Characidae) from the upper San Juan River drainage,Pacific versant,Colombia

Hemibrycon sanjuanensis, new species, is described from the upper San Juan River drainage, Pacific versant, Colombia. It is distinguished from Hemibrycon boquiae, Hemibrycon brevispini, Hemibrycon cairoense, Hemibrycon colombianus, Hemibrycon mikrostiktos, Hemibrycon metae, Hemibrycon palomae, Hemibrycon rafaelense and Hemibrycon tridens by the presence of a circular or oblong humeral spot that is located two scales posterior to the opercle (vs. 3–4 scales in Hemibrycon palomae, Hemibrycon rafaelense, Hemibrycon brevispini and Hemibrycon cairoense, and 0–1 scales, in Hemibrycon metae and Hemibrycon boquiae). It further differs from Hemibrycon colombianus in having a round or oblong humeral spot (vs. rectangular). It differs from Hemibrycon beni, Hemibrycon dariensis, Hemibrycon divisorensis, Hemibrycon helleri, Hemibrycon huambonicus, Hemibrycon inambari, Hemibrycon jabonero, Hemibrycon jelskii, Hemibrycon mikrostiktos, Hemibrycon polyodon, Hemibrycon quindos, Hemibrycon raqueliae, Hemibrycon santamartae, Hemibrycon surinamensis, Hemibrycon taeniurus, Hemibrycon tridens, and Hemibrycon yacopiae in having melanophores on the posterior margins of the scales along the sides of body (vs. lacking melanophores on margins of scales along entire length of the sides of body). The new species differs from all congeners mentioned above in having, among other features, six teeth in the outer premaxillary row arranged in a straight line (vs. five or fewer teeth not arranged in straight line except Hemibrycon cairoense with two to six teeth in the outer premaxillary row).     

Synthesis of p-nitrophenyl sulfated disaccharides with beta-D-(6-sulfo)-GlcNAc units using beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase from Aspergillus oryzae in a transglycosylation reaction

When α-d-GlcNAc-OC₆H₄NO₂ -p and β-d-(6-sulfo)-GlcNAc-OC₆H₄NO₂-p (2) were used as substrates, β-N-acetylhexosaminidase from Aspergillus oryzae transferred the β-d-(6-sulfo)-GlcNAc(unit from 2 to α-d-GlcNAc-OC₆H₄NO₂ -p to afford β-d-(6-sulfo)-GlcNAc-(1→4)-α-d-GlcNAc-OC₆H₄NO₂-p (3) in a yield of 94% based on the amount of donor, 2, added. β-d-(6-sulfo)-GlcNAc-(1→4)-α-d-Glc-OC₆H₄NO₂-p (4) was obtained with α-d-Glc-OC₆H₄NO₂ -p as acceptor in a similar manner. With a reaction mixture of 2 and β-d-GlcNAc-OC₆H₄NO₂-p (1) in a molar ratio of 6:1, the enzyme mediated the transfer of β-d-GlcNAc from 1 to 2, affording disaccharide β-d-GlcNAc-(1→4)-β-(6-sulfo)-d-GlcNAc-OC₆H₄NO₂-p (5) in a yield of 13% based on the amount of 1 added.     

An unstable gene controlling developmental variegation in okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench)

Summary Genetic studies on radiation-induced chlorina and variegated mutants of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) revealed the existence of an unstable gene. The normal green color of the leaves is controlled by duplicate genes C₁ and C₂, either of which produces the green colour. The chlorina plants are C ₁ C ₁ C ₂ C ₂. The allele c ₁ ^v is dominant to both C ₁ and C ₂ but is unstable. The homozygote c ₁ ^v c ₁ ^v c ₂ c ₂ is a normal green while the heterozygote c _i ^v c ₁ c ₂ c ₂ has a variegated phenotype as a result of the mutation of c ₁ ^v to c ₁ during development. In green plants with a c ₁ ^v c{sh1/v}c ₂ c ₂ genotype, the autonomous mutation of one of the c ₁ ^v alleles to c ₁ may take place at the pre-meiotic stage. In the variegated genotype (c ₁ ^v c ₁ c ₂ c ₂), the mutation of c ₁ to c ₁ ^v may take place in early ontogeny, thus producing green plants. The allele C ₁, when associated with c ₁ ^v in a heterozygous condition, mutates to c ₁ at the pre-meiotic stage even in the presence of the allele C ₂.