流加培养技术

现在有三种生物反应器运转方式,即纯批式、连续式和流加式(fed-batch)或称作半批式,在批式发酵过程中,除要调节pH和在通气培养情况下需供给氧气外,所需要的全部养料在接种前都已存在于培养基中。连续发酵过程中有营养培养基的流入和流出,因此反映器中     

谷氨酸流加发酵过程的神经网络优化研究

采用神经网络的方法,将模拟网络与优化网络结合组成双网系统,用于谷氨酸流加生产过程的模拟与优化分析。模拟网络中设置瓶颈结构．以加强网络的数据过滤与压缩能力,滤除工业数据中的噪音。利用训练算法本身,优化网络方便地实现了单变量、多变量优化,获得令人满意的结果。     

高发酵活力面包酵母的高产率流加培养策略研究

首先优化了面包酵母生产过程中分批培养阶段的操作条件,然后在连续培养实验的基础上．确定了面包酵母流加培养的最佳参数,并得出了发酵活力与比生长速率之间的关联式。根据这一关联式和指数流加培养模式,提出了两阶段控制比生长速度的流加培养策略。研究结果表明：采用初糖浓度为15～30g／L、残糖控制浓度为3～6g／L以及分阶段控制搅拌转速以提供不同的传氧速率;应用提出的流加培养策略进行面包酵母培养．在产率达到0．432g/g的同时发酵活力达到1180ml,可实现面包酵母培养过程高产率和高发酵活力的统一。     

赖氨酸流加发酵最优控制的研究

在赖氨酸发酵动力学模型和庞特里金明小值原理的基础上,得出流加发酵的最优化底物流加方式。并进一步对流加发酵的全过程进行了分析,得出了在实际控制中较为可行的流加发酵全过程的总控制策略,实际控制表明在小型反应器中赖氨酸产生菌FB42的发酵水平为81．6g／l。、转化率为0．418％、生产强度为1．16g／h·L,和分批发酵相比分别提高了45．4％、9．7％和28．4％。     

利用制糖废蜜流加培养酵母的动力学研究

研究了以廉价原料糖蜜流加培养酵母的生产工艺,确定了最佳工艺参数,并根据酵母在流加培养过程中比生长速率和耗糖速率的变化,对动态的糖流加工艺进行研究,得出了流加培养的动力学模型,然后通过流加培养过程中实际糖流加曲线对所提出的模型进行验证。研究结果表明,流加培养模型能较好地反映酵母流加培养过程中糖流加的规律,对酵母的流加培养具有一定的指导意义。     

面包酵母流加发酵生产过程的投入产出优化

以某酵母厂实际生产过程为背景,对面包酵母流加发酵生产进行了总体效益优化仿真。优化仿真是以作者早期建立的面包酵母代谢一循环模型系统为基础的。效益函数是单位时间内过程产出产品的价值与总投入价值之差。仿真结果表明,在给定的价格体系下,欲使总体效益函数取得极大值,各操作变量,如补料速度,补料浓度、通气量和发酵周期等,均存在最优操作区域。     

动物细胞流加培养的技术现状和发展趋势

流加培养是当前重组蛋白生产的主流培养模式。流加式操作主要是根据细胞对营养物质的不断消耗和需求,设计连续或半连续的流加浓缩营养物,使细胞持续高密度的生长,提高单位反应器体积内目的蛋白产量,从而达到高效生产的目的。流加培养工艺的关键技术主要包培养基的优化设计、流加策略的选择及优化、细胞代谢的调控。     

双碳源单细胞蛋白间歇培养及流加培养的动力学模型

应用非结构的逻辑增殖模型研究了两种酵母的单碳源和双碳源单细胞蛋白间歇培养的动力学,用改进的逻辑增殖模型研究了双碳源流加培养过程的动力学,从实验数据拟合了动力学模型参数,模型计算值与实验数据吻合良好。     

Optimization of a feed medium for fed-batch culture of insect cells using a genetic algorithm

Insect cells have been cultured for over 30 years, but their application is still hampered by low cell densities in batch fermentations and expensive culture media. With respect to the culture method, the fed-batch culture mode is often found to give the best yields. However, optimization of the feed composition is usually a laborious task. In this report, the successful use of genetic algorithms (GAs) to optimize the growth of insect cells is described. A feed was developed from 11 different medium components, each used at a wide range of concentrations. The feed was optimized within four sets of 20 experiments. The optimized feed was tested in bioreactors and the addition scheme was further improved. The viable-cell density of HzAm1 (Helicoverpa zea) insect cells improved 550% to 19.5 x 10(6) cells/mL compared to a control fermentation in an optimized commercial medium. No accumulation of waste products was found, and none of the amino acids was depleted. Glucose was depleted, which suggests that even further improvement is possible. We show that GAs are a successful method to optimize a complex fermentation in a relatively short time frame and without the need of detailed information concerning the cellular physiology or metabolism.     

Optimization of erythritol production by Candida magnoliae in fed-batch culture

A two-stage fed-batch process was designed to enhance erythritol productivity by the mutant strain of Candida magnoliae. The first stage (or growth stage) was performed in the fed-batch mode where the growth medium was fed when the pH of the culture broth dropped below 4.5. The second stage (or production stage) was started with addition of glucose powder into the culture broth when the cell mass reached about 75 g dry cell weight l⁻¹. When the initial glucose concentration was adjusted to 400 g l⁻¹ in the production stage, 2.8 g l⁻¹ h⁻¹ of overall erythritol productivity and 41% of erythritol conversion yield were achieved, which represented a fivefold increase in erythritol productivity compared with the simple batch fermentation process. A high glucose concentration in the production phase resulted in formation of organic acids including citrate and butyrate. An increase in dissolved oxygen level caused formation of gluconic acid instead of citric acid. Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology (2000) 25, 100–103. Received 25 February 2000/ Accepted in revised form 08 June 2000     

产PCA基因工程菌M18G反复补料分批培养研究

吩嗪-1-羧酸(PCA)是一种广谱、高效的微生物源农药,采用反复补料分批培养工艺可提高PCA合成速率,为实现PCA的商业化生产打下了良好的基础。本试验针对高产PCA的基因工程菌M18G,首先在摇瓶培养条件下,用正交试验法研究了培养基中各主要营养因子葡萄糖、黄豆粉、甘油、95%乙醇等对PCA产量的影响,并确定了适合PCA分泌的最佳培养基(1L)为:葡萄糖6g,黄豆粉40g,甘油6mL,95%乙醇5.9mL;然后确定了反复补料分批培养时更换新鲜培养基的最佳时间为每次培养进行48h后、体积比例为90%。在此条件下,培养进行五个周期后,PCA的合成速率可达到2.27mg/h,是优化后分批培养的1.34倍,同时延长了培养周期,有利于提高设备使用率,降低生产成本。     

Model-based optimization of biosurfactant production in fed-batch culture Azotobacter vinelandii

Fed-batch cultivation of Azotobacter vinelandii 21was optimized for biosurfactant production. Optimization of feed-rate time profile and concentration of nutrient medium components in feeding solution is based on a hybrid mathematical model consisting of mass-balance equations for biomass, biosurfactant, volume of cultural liquid and substrate components: glucose, ammonia nitrogen and phosphate phosphorus. The rate of cultural liquid emulsification activity growth as well as the rates of ammonia nitrogen and phosphate phosphorus consumption is modelled by means of artificial neural network, while the rates of the other biochemical transformations are modelled by adequate kinetic relationships.     

Growth and carotenoid production of Phaffia Rhodozyma in fed-batch cultures with different feeding methods

The growth and carotenoid production of Phaffia rhodozyma in fed-batch cultures with different feeding methods and grown at specific growth rates similar to the batch culture was compared. With constant feeding, exponential feeding, DO-stat and pH-stat fed-batch cultures of Phaffia rhodozyma, the highest biomass (17.4 g/l) and lowest carotenoid content (307 g/g cell) of Phaffia rhodozyma was from the DO-stat fed-batch culture. The lowest biomass (14.7 g/l) and highest carotenoid content (412 g/g cell) was from the exponential, fed-batch culture.     

Ethanol yields during the feeding phase in fed-batch fermentation of sugar-cane blackstrap molasses

The efficiency of ethanol yield increased from 61% to 88% of the theoretical value as the filling-up time was approached in fed-batch fermentation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Temporary accumulation of ethanol within the yeast cells may explain the above variation.The author is with the Instituto Mauá de Tecnologia, Estrada das Lágrimas 2035, 09580-900. Sao Caetano Do Sul, SP, Brazil     

Optimization of fed-batch fermentation for xylitol production by Candida tropicalis

Xylitol, a functional sweetener, was produced from xylose by biological conversion using Candida tropicalis ATCC 13803. Based on a two-substrate fermentation using glucose for cell growth and xylose for xylitol production, fed-batch fermentations were undertaken to increase the final xylitol concentration. The effects of xylose and xylitol on xylitol production rate were studied to determine the optimum concentrations for fed-batch fermentation. Xylose concentration in the medium (100 g l⁻¹) and less than 200 g l⁻¹ total xylose plus xylitol concentration were determined as optimum for maximum xylitol production rate and xylitol yield. Increasing the concentrations of xylose and xylitol decreased the rate and yield of xylitol production and the specific cell growth rate, probably because of an increase in osmotic stress that would interfere with xylose transport, xylitol flux to secretion to cell metabolism. The feeding rate of xylose solution during the fed-batch mode of operation was determined by using the mass balance equations and kinetic parameters involved in the equations in order to increase final xylitol concentration without affecting xylitol and productivity. The optimized fed-batch fermentation resulted in 187 g l⁻¹ xylitol concentration, 0.75 g xylitol g xylose⁻¹ xylitol yield and 3.9 g xylitol l⁻¹ h⁻¹ volumetric productivity. Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology (2002) 29, 16–19 doi:10.1038/sj.jim.7000257 Received 15 October 2001/ Accepted in revised form 30 March 2002     

Simulation of an iterative learning control system for fed-batch cell culture processes

This paper describes an iterative learning control scheme for fed-batch operation where repetitive trajectory tracking tasks are required. The proposed learning strategy is model-independent, and it takes advantage of the repetitive feature of system operations with a certain degree of intelligence and requires only small size of dynamic database for the learning process. The convergence of the learning process is proven. An example of simultaneously tracking two predefined trajectories by iterative learning control with two control inputs is given to illustrate the methodology. Satisfactory performance of the learning system can be observed from the simulation results.     

利用指数流加补料高密度发酵产β-呋喃果糖苷酶重组大肠杆菌

【目的】对重组大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)/pET22b-β-ffase进行高密度发酵产β-呋喃果糖苷酶工艺研究。【方法】比较溶氧反馈补料和指数流加补料对重组菌发酵产酶的影响,对不同比生长速率和诱导时机进行优化。【结果】确定了双阶段指数流加过程中重组菌生长的比生长速率,分别控制诱导前期比生长速率为0.20 h~(-1),诱导后期比生长速率为0.13 h~(-1),诱导时机为指数中期。获得细胞干重约为51 g/L,最高酶活达到1.79×10~5 U/L,单位菌体产酶量为3 510 U/g,单位产酶速率达到3.58×10~4 U/(L·h),生物量、单位菌体产酶量和产酶速率分别是指数流加未优化前的1.8、1.7和3.0倍。【结论】双阶段指数流加补料工艺能有效提高β-呋喃果糖苷酶的产酶量,为β-呋喃果糖苷酶的进一步工业化奠定基础。     

Repeated fed-batch culture of hybridoma cells in nutrient-fortified high-density medium

Long-term high-density cultivation of the hybridoma 2c3.1 was successfully carried out in a repeated fed-batch mode using high-density media that were constructed to meet in vitro cell growth limitations. The high-density culture was possible in a range of 0.5 approximately 1.0 x 10(7) cells/mL in MBRI 40-02 medium for over 2500 h by the repeated supplementation of the most fortified medium, MBRI 40-03, and consequently, distinct enhancement of MAb production was achieved. MAb concentrations were maintained around 1 g/L for about 1000 h of the process and the maximum MAb concentration was around 1.56 g/L. The result supported strongly the fact that the nutritional fortification was the most critical factor for high-density cell culture in vitro. The mean chromosome number of the hybridoma 2c3.1 was maintained stably for about 1500 h, whereas gradual loss of the MAb activity was apparent during the long-term cultivation. (c) 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.