Rat brain has the alpha 3 form of the (Na+,K+)ATPase

Multiple forms of the catalytic subunit of the (Na+,K+)ATPase have been identified in rat brain. While two of them (alpha 1 and alpha 2) have been well characterized, the third form (alpha 3) of these catalytic subunits only recently has been described by cDNA cloning; the corresponding polypeptide has not been isolated. In this paper it is shown that rat brain contains the alpha 3 chain. The catalytic subunits of the (Na+, K+)ATPase from rat brain axolemma were purified by SDS-PAGE and subjected to formic acid cleavage. Amino acid sequence analysis of the resulting fragments revealed that axolemma has the alpha 3 form of the catalytic subunit. In addition, alpha 3-specific antiserum was raised in rabbits immunized with a synthetic peptide. Immunoblotting with this antiserum revealed that the alpha 3 form of the (Na+,K+)ATPase is present also in whole brain microsomes. In SDS-PAGE, the mobilities of the three catalytic subunits of brain (Na+, K+)ATPase follow the order alpha 1 greater than alpha 2 greater than alpha 3. Determination of the ouabain-inhibitable ATPase activity indicates that if the alpha 3 form of the (Na+,K+)ATPase is able to hydrolyze ATP, it is present in a form of the enzyme with a high affinity for this cardiac glycoside and is similar to the alpha 2 form in this respect.     

Directed Evolution of an LBP/CD14 Inhibitory Peptide and Its Anti-Endotoxin Activity

Background

LPS-binding protein (LBP) and its ligand CD14 are located upstream of the signaling pathway for LPS-induced inflammation. Blocking LBP and CD14 binding might prevent LPS-induced inflammation. In previous studies, we obtained a peptide analog (MP12) for the LBP/CD14 binding site and showed that this peptide analog had anti-endotoxin activity. In this study, we used in vitro directed evolution for this peptide analog to improve its in vivo and in vitro anti-endotoxin activity.

Methods

We used error-prone PCR (ep-PCR) and induced mutations in the C-terminus of LBP and attached the PCR products to T7 phages to establish a mutant phage display library. The positive clones that competed with LBP for CD14 binding was obtained by screening. We used both in vivo and in vitro experiments to compare the anti-endotoxin activities of a polypeptide designated P1 contained in a positive clone and MP12.

Results

11 positive clones were obtained from among target phages. Sequencing showed that 9 positive clones had a threonine (T) to methionine (M) mutation in amino acid 287 of LBP. Compared to polypeptide MP12, polypeptide P1 significantly inhibited LPS-induced TNF-α expression and NF-κB activity in U937 cells (P<0.05). Compared to MP12, P1 significantly improved arterial oxygen pressure, an oxygenation index, and lung pathology scores in LPS-induced ARDS rats (P<0.05).

Conclusion

By in vitro directed evolution of peptide analogs for the LBP/CD14 binding site, we established a new polypeptide (P1) with a threonine (T)-to-methionine (M) mutation in amino acid 287 of LBP. This polypeptide had high anti-endotoxin activity in vitro and in vivo, which suggested that amino acid 287 in the C-terminus of LBP may play an important role in LBP binding with CD14.     

一种新型具有纤溶活性的沙蚕金属蛋白酶的分离纯化及鉴定

通过硫酸铵分级盐析、DEAE-Sepharose FF阴离子交换色谱、CM-Sepharose FF阳离子交换色谱和Sephacryl S-100 HR凝胶过滤色谱,从沙蚕体内分离纯化出一种新型的具有纤溶活性的金属蛋白酶,命名为NVMP.采用SDS-PAGE和MALDI-TOF MS 质谱检测,该酶是一种分子质量为28~32 kD的单链蛋白,等电聚焦电泳显示其等电点为8.0. NVMP酶活性被EGTA完全性抑制,表明其是一种典型的金属蛋白酶,最适温度为40 ℃,最适pH为6,Cu2+、Co2+和Zn2+可阻断其酶活性,而Ca2+ 和Mg2+可增强蛋白酶活性.经肽指纹图谱分析发现,NVMP是一种未知的新蛋白. NVMP可直接水解纤维蛋白,也可通过激活纤溶酶原转变成纤溶酶的方式,间接水解纤维蛋白.因此,NVMP对预防和治疗血栓性疾病具有一定的药用价值.     

Characterization of the immunophenotype and the metastatic properties of a murine T-lymphoma cell line. Unexpected expression of cytoplasmatic CD4

We report the first characterization of a mouse T-lymphoma cell line that surprisingly expresses cytoplasmatic (cy) yCD4. Phenotypically, LBC cells are CD5+, CD8+, CD16+, CD24+, CD25+, CD2-/dim, CD3-/dim, TCRbeta-/dim, TCRgammadelta, CD154 , CD40-, and CD45R. Coexpress cyTCRbeta, cyCD3, cyCD4, and yet lack surface CD4 expression. Transplantation of LBC cells into mice resulted in an aggressive T-lymphoblastic lymphoma that infiltrated lymph nodes, thymus, spleen, liver, ovary, and uterus but not peripheral blood or bone marrow. LBC cells display a modal chromosome number of 39 and a near-diploid karyotype. Based on the characterization data, we demonstrated that the LBC cell line was derived from an early T-cell lymphocyte precursor. We propose that the malignant cell transformation of LBC cells could coincide with the transition stage from late double-negative, DN3 (CD4- CD8 CD44-/low, CD25+) or DN4 (CD4-low, CD8-/low, CD44-, CD25-) to double-positive (DP: CD4+CD8+) stage of T-cell development. LBC cells provide a T-lymphoblastic lymphoma model derived from a malignant early T-lymphocyte that can be potentially useful as a model to study both cellular regulation and differentiation of T-cells. In addition, LBC tumor provides a short latency neoplasm to study cellular regulation and to perform preclinical trials of lymphoma-relatel clisorders.     

Use of human CD3 monoclonal antibody for accurate CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocyte determinations in macaques: phenotypic characterization of the CD3- CD8+ cell subset

Macaque monkeys are frequently used in models for studies of infectious diseases, immunity, transplantation and vaccine development. Such use is largely due to the conservation of functionally important cell surface molecules and the phylogenetic proximity of their immune systems to that of humans. Some monoclonal antibodies (mAb) raised against human leukocyte antigens can be utilized in the monkey. Until recently, many primate centers have utilized the CD2 monoclonal antibody to enumerate T lymphocytes. We have evaluated the anti-human CD3 mAb in macaques and sooty mangabeys. Using this monoclonal antibody, pigtailed macaques were found to have a much higher proportion of CD2+ CD3- CD8+ cells as compared with rhesus macaques and sooty mangabeys. Such cells comprised approximately one-half of all CD8+ cells in the pigtailed macaque, but only one-quarter of CD8+ cells in the rhesus, and one-fifth in the sooty mangabey. Use of the CD2 monoclonal antibody as the T-cell marker resulted in underestimating CD4/CD8 ratios compared with using the CD3 mAb in pigtailed macaques. Phenotypic characterization of this subset of CD3- CD8+ cells indicated that they are CD16+, CD45RA+, CD11b+, CD69+ and CD28-. This would indicate that these cells represent an activated natural killer cell subset.     

胎盘多肽对子宫肌瘤患者T 淋巴细胞亚群、NK细胞及炎症因子水平的影响

目的:探讨胎盘多肽对子宫肿瘤切除术后患者血清炎症因子变化和免疫功能的影响。方法:收集我院收治的子宫肿瘤切除术后患者57例,根据就诊先后顺序不同分为对照组和实验组,实验组采用胎盘多肽治疗,对照组采用常规治疗。检测两组患者CD3~+、CD4~+、CD8~+、NK细胞、CRP及IL-6水平,并比较两组的临床效果。结果:治疗后,两组患者血清CRP及IL-6水平均低于治疗前,且实验组明显低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者CD3~+、CD4~+、CD4~+/CD8~+、NK细胞均高于治疗前,而CD8~+低于治疗前,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);实验组患者治疗后CD3~+、CD4~+、CD4~+/CD8~+、NK细胞显著高于对照组,而CD8~+低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。与对照组相比,实验组患者的首次排气和排便时间明显较短,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:胎盘多肽能够明显改善子宫肌瘤切除患者的免疫功能,降低炎症反应,有助于患者术后康复。     

Isolation and biochemical characterization of delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase from Streptomyces yokosukanensis ATCC 25520

In this study, delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase from Streptomyces yokosukanensis ATCC 25520, producer of an unusual purine riboside antibiotic called nebularine, was purified and characterized. Purification procedures involved with ammonium sulphate precipitation and gel filtration techniques by use of Sephacryl S-200. After gel filtration a 90.76-fold purification was obtained. The maximum enzymic activity was observed in the supernatant after 100% precipitation. According to the data obtained from investigation, the enzyme was found to be a single polypeptide having molecular mass around 34.8 kDa. This was determined by SDS-PAGE. Its optimal temperature around 45 degrees C, and optimal pH was found to be 8.0. Some heavy metals, Pb2+, Zn2+, Fe3+, Co2+, Mn2+, Mg2+ inhibited its activity between 20-51%, Ni2+ increased its activity up to 15%.     

Immunologic and clinical aspects of natural killer cells in human leukemia

We have studied peripheral-blood, splenic and bone marrow natural killer (NK) activity in patients with leukemia. These studies demonstrated that leukemic patients displayed defective NK activity in all of these tissues. However, NK defect could be corrected by culture of effector cells with interleukin-2 (IL-2). The phenotypic analysis of IL-2 cultures showed clearly the heterogeneity of lymphocyte subsets. The characterization studies demonstrated that CD56+, CD3- NK cells manifested most potent lysis of leukemia, CD56+, CD3+ T cells mediated some, but low, antileukemia activity and CD56-, CD3+ T lymphocytes were devoid of cytotoxicity.     

Purification and characterization of a Ca(2+)-activated thiol protease from Drosophila melanogaster.

A Ca(2+)-activated thiol protease was purified from Drosophila melanogaster. The procedure involves Phenyl-Sepharose, Reactive Red-Agarose and Q-Sepharose fast flow (or MonoQ) chromatographic steps. The enzyme eluting from Q-Sepharose fast flow seems to be homogeneous as judged by silver staining on SDS-PAGE: it consists of a single polypeptide chain of M(r),app = 94K and pI = 5.46. The proteolytic activity of the purified enzyme is absolutely Ca(2+)-dependent, characterized by 0.6 mM free Ca2+ at half-maximal activity. Ca2+ ions cannot be replaced effectively by the divalent cations Mg2+, Mn2+, Zn2+, Ba2+, and Cd2+. The enzyme shows the inhibitor pattern of thiol proteases. Human recombinant calpastatin (domain I) completely inhibits the enzyme at a nearly 1:1 molar ratio. Several of these properties resemble those of vertebrate calpain II. However, various attempts to detect a small subunit of M(r) approximately 30K, common with vertebrate calpains, remained unsuccessful. We suggest that the Drosophila enzyme is a novel calpain II-like protease.     

Purification and biochemical characterization of endoglucanase from Penicillium pinophilum MS 20

Cellulases find increasing prominence in sustainable production of fuel and feedstock from lignocellulosic biomass. The purification and biochemical characterization of individual components of cellulase complex is important to understand the mechanism of their action for the solubilization of crystalline cellulose. In this study, an extra-cellular endoglucanase isolated from culture filtrate of Penicillium pinophilum MS 20 was purified to homogeneity by ammonium sulphate precipitation, ion-exchange chromatography and gel filtration. The purified endoglucanase (specific activity 69 U/mg) was a monomeric protein with molecular mass of 42 kDa, as determined by SDS-PAGE. The endoglucanase was active over a broad range of pH (4-7) with maximum activity at pH 5 and showed optimum temperature of 50 degrees C. It retained 100% activity at 50 degrees C for 6 h and half- lives of 4 h and 3 h at 60 degrees C and 70 degrees C, respectively. The kinetic constants for the endoglucanase determined with carboxymethyl cellulose as substrate were V(max) of 72.5 U/mg and apparent K(m) of 4.8 mg/ml. The enzyme also showed moderate activity towards H3PO4 swollen cellulose and p-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucoside, but no activity towards filter paper, Avicel and oat spelt xylan. The activity was positively modulated by 47, 32 and 25% in the presence of Co2+, Zn2+ and Mg2+, respectively to the reaction mixture. The wide pH stability (4-7) and temperature stability up to 50 degrees C of endoglucanase makes the enzyme suitable for use in cellulose saccharification at moderate temperature and pH.     

Physiological implications of trehalase from Phaseolus vulgaris root nodules: partial purification and characterization.

The purification and characterization of trehalase from common bean nodules as well as the role of this enzyme on growth, nodulation nitrogen fixation by examining the effects of the trehalase inhibitor validamycin A, was studied. Validamycin A did not affect plant and nodule mass, neither root trehalase and nitrogenase activity; however this treatment applied at the time of sowing increased nodule number about 16% and decreased nodule trehalase activity (16-fold) and the size of nodules. These results suggest that nodule trehalase activity of Phaseolus vulgaris could be involved in nodule formation and development. In addition, acid trehalase (EC 3.2.1.28) was purified from root nodules by fractionating ammonium sulfate, column chromatography on DEAE-sepharose and sephacryl S-300, and finally on native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The purified homogeneous preparation of native acid trehalase exhibited a molecular mass of 42 and 45 kDa on SDS-PAGE. The enzyme has the optimum pH 3.9, Km of 0.109 mM, Vmax of 3630 nkat mg-1 protein and is relatively heat stable. Besides trehalose, it shows maximal activity with sucrose and maltose and, to a lesser degree melibiose, cellobiose and raffinose, and it does not hydrolyze on lactose and turanose. Acid trehalase was activated by Na+, Mn2+, Mg2+, Li+, Co2+, K+ and inhibited by Fe3+, Hg+ and EDTA.     

Localization of the Novel Neuropolypeptide h3 in Subsets of Tissues from Different Species

Recently we reported the isolation and partial biochemical characterization of a novel polypeptide, h3, from the human brain and liver. Thin-layer isoelectric focusing showed that the polypeptide was ubiquitously distributed throughout the human brain. Immunophosphatase transfer electrophoresis showed that this protein was localized in several mammalian species and different tissues. In addition, h3 or h3-like protein was demonstrated in subsets of tissues from one avian species. Protein h3 was present in epithelial and muscular tissue, as well as in nervous tissue; however, for all species investigated, it was most abundant in CNS and muscle.     

氟比洛芬酯对食管癌患者围术期外周血淋巴细胞亚群的影响

目的:探究氟比洛芬酯对食管癌患者围术期外周血淋巴细胞亚群的影响。方法:选择2014年6月~2016年8月期间在我院择期行食管癌根治术患者72例为研究对象,采用随机数字法将其分为氟比洛芬酯组(39例)和对照组(33例),患者均给予常规麻醉处理,对照组患者泵入5 mg托烷司琼与20μg/kg芬太尼;氟比洛芬酯组患者给予氟比洛芬酯2 mg/kg。评价术后12 h、24 h和48 h患者疼痛情况(VAS评分),并于术前1 h、术后24 h、术后72 h检测患者血清T细胞中CD3~+、CD4~+、CD8~+及CD56~+比例。结果:两组患者术后不同时刻VAS评分比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);术后24 h两组患者CD3~+、CD4~+、CD4~+/CD8~+均显著降低(P0.05),术后72 h两组患者CD3~+、CD4~+、CD4~+/CD8~+水平均升高,且氟比洛芬酯组患者恢复到术后1 h水平,而对照组患者均仍低于术后1 h,且术后72 h氟比洛芬酯组CD3~+、CD4~+、CD4~+/CD8~+均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),而CD8~+与CD56~+比例在两组各个时点均没有变化(P0.05);两组患者均未发生严重不良反应。结论:食管癌患者在手术过程中均出现免疫抑制,氟比洛芬酯麻醉效果较好,且对机体免疫功能具有保护作用,促进手术患者免疫功能的恢复,具有重要的临床价值。     

Fasciola gigantica: enzymes of the ornithine-proline-glutamate pathway--characterization of delta1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase

Ornithine aminotransferase (OAT), proline oxidase (PO), Delta 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase (P5CR), and Delta 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase (P5CD) were assessed in Fasciola gigantica. All enzymes are involved in the conversion of ornithine into glutamate and proline. High levels of P5CD suggest that the direction of the metabolic flow from ornithine is more toward glutamate than proline. F. gigantica P5CD1 and P5CD2 were separated from the majority of contaminating proteins in crude homogenate using a CM-cellulose column. A Sephacryl S-200 column was employed for P5CD2 to obtain pure enzyme with increased specific activity. The molecular mass of P5CD2 was estimated to be 50kDa using a Sephacryl S-200 column and SDS-PAGE. It migrated as a single band on SDS-PAGE, indicating a monomeric enzyme. P5CD2 had Km values of 1.44mM and 0.37mM for NAD and P5C, respectively. P5CD2 oxidized a number of aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes, where the aromatic compounds had higher affinity toward the enzyme. All amino acids examined had partial inhibitory effects on the enzyme. While 3mM AMP caused 31% activation of enzyme, 3mM ADP and ATP inhibited activity by 18% and 23%, respectively. Apart from Cu2+, the divalent cations that were studied caused partial inhibitory effects on the enzyme.     

大肠杆菌表达的重组猪β2微球蛋白二级结构的圆二色谱分析

摘要：【目的】研究巴马小型猪β2微球蛋白（β2m）的结构和功能。【方法】亚克隆巴马小型猪β2m的成熟肽部分,并构建与pMAL-p2X的重组质粒,转化大肠杆菌TB1并诱导后,融合表达蛋白分别经过 Western-blot、纯化及Factor Xa切割,分离纯化单体蛋白。圆二色谱(circular dichroism spectrum, CD)测定蛋白的二级结构。【结果】重组表达的融合蛋白MBP-β2m大小为52.1 kDa。切割后去除MBP的单体蛋白大小为10.6 kDa。圆二色谱分析单体蛋白β2m二级结构     

巴西粒毛盘菌黑色素理化性质与结构

对巴西粒毛盘菌黑色素性质和结构进行了研究,结果表明该黑色素易溶于NaOH溶液和二甲亚砜,微溶于蒸馏水,不溶于甲醇、乙酸乙酯、HCl、无水乙醇、氯仿、丙酮、乙腈;该黑色素在pH≥7时稳定,pH≤6时产生沉淀;对温度、光、UV、Na2SO3、苯甲酸钠、柠檬酸、蔗糖、K+、Na+、Ca2+、Al3+、Cu2+均具有良好的稳定性,而对H2O2、Mg2+、Fe3+、Mn2+不稳定。电镜扫描显示该黑色素是一种表面不规则的片状晶体,红外光谱分析表明该黑色素含有芳环、-OH、-NH、-COOH和噻嗪环等官能团,推断其属于真黑色素和棕黑色素混合型黑色素。     

Effects of resistance training on selected indexes of immune function in elderly women.

Women aged 67-84 yr were randomly assigned to either resistance exercise (RE, n = 15) or control group (C, n = 14). RE group completed 10 wk of resistance training, whereas C group maintained normal activity. Blood samples were obtained from the RE group (at the same time points as for resting C) at rest, immediately after resistance exercise, and 2 h after exercise before (week 0) and after (week 10) training. Mononuclear cell (CD3+, CD3+CD4+, CD3+CD8+, CD19+, and CD3-CD16+CD56+) number, lymphocyte proliferative (LP) response to mitogen, natural cell-mediated cytotoxicity (NCMC), and serum cortisol levels were determined. Strength increased significantly in RE subjects (%change 8-repetition maximum = 148%). No significant group, exercise time, or training effects were found for CD3+, CD3+CD4+, or CD3+CD8+ cells, but there was a significant exercise time effect for CD3-CD16+CD56+ cells. LP response was not different between groups, across exercise time, or after training. NCMC was increased immediately after exercise for RE subjects at week 0 and for RE and C groups at week 10. The week 0 and week 10 NCMC values were above baseline for both RE and C groups 2 h after exercise. In conclusion, acute resistance exercise did not result in postexercise suppression of NCMC or LP, and 10 wk of resistance training did not influence resting immune measures in women aged 67-84 yr.     

金属螯合亲和层析法纯化猪红细胞超氧化物歧化酶

本文报道以Sephadex G-200为基质的金属螯合亲和层析法纯化SOD、其比活为4508U/mg蛋白,收率为90.4％,经酸、碱、SDS-PAGE、考马斯亮兰染色均呈一条带,特异性的SOD活性染色呈阳性。分子量为34,000,氨基酸组成测定表明Tyr含量少,Gly含量高,紫外吸收光谱最大吸收在258nm处,园二色谱结果表明SOD空间结构为β—折迭及无规态,含极少量或几乎不含α—螺旋,等电聚焦电泳测定SOD有微不均一性,等电点分别为5.25,5.35和5.65。     

Role of phosphorylation in conformational adaptability of bovine myelin basic protein.

Controlled thrombic digestion of a preparation of components 2 + 3 isolated from the 18.5 kDa bovine myelin basic protein (MBP) yielded a polypeptide that was monophosphorylated on threonine 97 (component 3pT97). This is the first posttranslationally phosphorylated MBP isolated in pure form. We studied the effect of this single phosphate on the conformational adaptability of 18.5 kDa bovine MBP by comparing the circular dichroism (CD) spectrum of component 3pT97 with the spectra of highly purified nonphosphorylated components 1 and 2. The CD spectra of nonphosphorylated component 1 and component 2 [monodeamidated form(s) of component 1] were indistinguishable, while component 3pt97 exhibited a different spectrum. The singly phosphorylated MBP component exhibited 13% more ordered conformations than that adopted by nonphosphorylated MBP in dilute aqueous solutions. This was estimated from the CD spectra, and apparently involved about 17 additional amino acid residues in beta-structure(s).     

Regulatory function for murine intraepithelial lymphocytes. Two subsets of CD3+, T cell receptor-1+ intraepithelial lymphocyte T cells abrogate oral tolerance

The murine intraepithelial lymphocyte (IEL) population is enriched in T cells that express the gamma delta-TCR, however, the biologic function served by these T cells remains obscure. IEL are considered to be major effector cells in mucosal immunity, and we have investigated whether IEL subsets could reverse orally induced systemic unresponsiveness (oral tolerance; OT) and support secondary type responses when adoptively transferred to mice orally tolerized with SRBC. When purified CD3+ IEL from mice orally primed with SRBC were transferred to adoptive hosts and challenged with SRBC, splenic IgM, IgG1, IgG2b, and IgA anti-SRBC plaque-forming cell responses were observed. However, CD3+ IEL from HRBC orally primed mice did not abrogate SRBC induced OT. Further, HRBC-primed CD3+, IEL converted HRBC-specific OT but not SRBC-specific OT. CD3+ IEL could be separated into four subsets based on expression of CD4 and CD8. CD3+, CD4-, 8+ T cells were the major subset (74.5%), with smaller numbers of CD4- and CD8- (double negatives, DN) (7.8%), CD4+, 8- (7.6%) and CD4+, CD8+ (double positives) (10.1%) T cells. Interestingly, both the CD3+, CD8+, and the CD3+, DN IEL subsets abrogated OT, resulting in significant IgM, IgG1, IgG2b, and IgA anti-SRBC plaque-forming cell responses when adoptively transferred to mice with OT. However, neither CD3+, CD4+, CD8-, nor double positive T cells affected OT when studied in this system. The CD3+, CD8+ IEL subset could be further separated into Thy-1+ (16.6%) and Thy-1- (83.4%) cells; adoptive transfer of Thy-1- cells abrogated oral tolerance whereas the Thy-1+ subset was without effect. When the expression of TCR on IEL with this biologic function was determined by use of monoclonal anti-alpha beta TCR (H57.597), TCR2-, CD3+ IEL possessed immunoregulatory function whereas the alpha beta-TCR+ (TCR2+) fraction did not abrogate OT. Immunoprecipitation of membrane fractions obtained from purified CD3+, CD4-, CD8+, Thy-1- IEL with polyclonal anti-delta peptide (Tyr-Ala-Asn-Ser-Phe-Asn-Asn-Glu-Lys-Leu) antibody revealed bands of 45 and 35 kDa, corresponding to the delta- and gamma-chains, respectively. These results suggest that gamma delta-TCR+ IEL possess a regulatory function, namely the restoration of immune responses in a state of oral tolerance. Further, both CD3+, CD4-, CD8+, Thy-1-, and CD3+, DN IEL T cells exhibit this effector contrasuppressor function.